Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Mesopotamia lies in between these two rivers
|
Tigris and Euphrates
|
|
|
Two main language classifications of Middle Eastern languages
|
Semitic and Indo-European
|
|
|
Chief Semitic languages
|
Babylonian, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Assyrian. Modern - Hebrew and Arabic
|
|
|
Chief Indo-European languages
|
Lydian, Hittite, Persian. Modern - Sanskrit, Bengali, Hindi, Greek, Latin, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, German, English
|
|
|
Sumerians
|
4000 BC - Earliest known people of Fertile Crescent, living in southern Mesopotamia and constantly at war with one another's city states
|
|
|
Cuneiform writing
|
Developed by Sumerians
|
|
|
Behistun Rock
|
Rock containing translation from cuneiform to Persian
|
|
|
Sir Henry Rawlinson
|
1846 - translated cuneiform into English
|
|
|
Ziggarut
|
Sumerian temple tower usually containing shrine to chief god
|
|
|
Babylonians
|
1750 BC - Peoples created after King Hammurabi conquered Babylonia and other neighboring city states in Tigris-Euphrates valley
|
|
|
Code of Hammurabi
|
Oldest known legal system known for stern sense of justice, sharp division of classes (harsher penalties against nobles), fair treatment of women, and advanced business society
|
|
|
Epic of Gilgamesh
|
Sumerian legends and earliest known works of literature
|
|
|
Enuma Elis
|
Babylonian creation myth
|
|
|
Hebrews (Dates)
|
1400 - 1200 BC
|
|
|
Assyrians conquer Kingdom of Israel
|
722 BC
|
|
|
Chaldeans overrun Kingdom of Judah and exile inhabitants to Babylon
|
586 BC
|
|
|
Persians conquer Babylon and allow Hebrew exiles to return to Palestine
|
539 BC
|
|
|
Maccabees
|
Jewish rebel army who took control of Judea in 2nd century BC
|
|
|
Titus suppresses Hebrew revolt for independence and drive Hebrews from homeland
|
70 AD
|
|
|
Moses
|
Led jews from servitude in Egypt and gave Ten Commandments
|
|
|
Saul
|
United 12 Hebrew tribes and became first Hebrew king after rebelling against Philistines
|
|
|
David
|
Slew goliath and succeeded Saul as King
|
|
|
Solomon
|
David's heir and successor to the throne; renowned for his wisdom. Built famous temple in Jerusalem
|
|
|
Phoenicians
|
1200 - 800 BC; Chief cities were Tyre and Sidon; Established overseas colony of Carthage; Made the phonetic alphabet
|
|
|
Aramaens
|
1200 BC; occupied Syria and established Damascus; Fell to Assyrians in 8th century; Composed language: Aramaic
|
|
|
Lydians
|
After 1000 BC; occupied Asia Minor; First to mint coins
|
|
|
Croesus
|
King of the Lydians and reputed to be wealthiest person of ancient times
|
|
|
Hittites
|
2000 BC; Lasted until 1200 BC after controlling Asia Minor, seizing northern Syria from Egypt and expanding into northern Mesopotamia; First to make weapons and tools of iron
|
|
|
Assyrians
|
After 800 BC; First to outfit army with iron weapons; Established empire at Nineveh; Ruled through terror and cruelty; Decentralized authority and built military roads to connect empire
|
|
|
Assurbanipal
|
Assyrian King who built great library at Nineveh
|
|
|
Chaldeans
|
616 BC seized Babylon; 612 BC captured Nineveh and overthrew Assyrian empire; Established second Babylonain Empire; Overthrown by Persians in 539 BC
|
|
|
Nebuchadnezzar
|
Chaldean King constructed Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of great wonders of ancient world
|
|
|
Persians (Achaemenid Empire)
|
6th Century BC; Conquered largest empire in ancient world, ruled for 200 years, and collapsed in 330 BC
|
|
|
Cyrus the Great
|
Persian King who conquered Lydia, Asia Minor and Fertile Crescent; Son seized Egypt
|
|
|
Darius
|
Held Persian (Achaemenid) Empire at peak; but failed to conquer Greek city states
|
|
|
Ahura-Mazada
|
Zorastrian god of light and goodness
|
|
|
Ahriman
|
Zorastrian spirit of darkness and evil
|
|
|
Zoraster
|
Persian prophet and leader of Zorastrianism, whose teachings were recorded in the Avesta or Zend-Avesta
|
|
|
Parthenon
|
Most famous building of ancient Greece dedicated to goddess Athena; Constructed during Age of Pericles; Sits on hilltop in Athens: Acropolis
|
