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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is history?
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events that have happened in the past (distinct time frame)
it's DOCUMENTED |
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List 4 different kinds of history.
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1. Political
2. Economic 3. Social 4. Architectural 5. National |
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What does history teach us?
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History will always have different interpretations.
No one factor explanations. History never repeats itself exactly. *The only unchanging thing in human affairs is the constancy of change itself* |
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Why do we study history?
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Curiosity.
So that we don't repeat the same things that happened in the past. Perspective - point of view Judgement |
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Perspective
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point of view - the capacity to view things in their true relations or relative importance
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judgement
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the process of forming an opinion or evaluation by discerning or comparing
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What three time periods was the western civilization divided into?
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1. Ancient History
2. Medieval History 3. Modern History |
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When was the Ancient History time period?
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Latest time period
4,000 BC - 500 AD |
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When was the Medieval History time period?
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500 AD - 1400 AD
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What was the Modern History time period?
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Most recent time period
1400 AD - the present |
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What was ancient Egypt called?
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the gift of the Nile
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What were natural boundaries that helped the Egyptians?
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the Nile River, the hot dry desert which was hard to cross, and the Mediterranean Sea
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What was Egypt like?
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very peaceful, no one attacked, created irrigation systems and canals, farmed - had very fertile soil - Nile flooded yearly and left silt (fertile soil), Nile helped with trade
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Why was Egypt's government created?
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Because someone had to decide how much water each farmer would get
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Who were Egypt's rulers?
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Pharaohs
Pyramids were built as tombs for the pharaoh |
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What were Pharaohs thought of as?
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God Kings
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What Kingdom was Ancient Egypt part of?
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Old Kingdom
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When the Middle Kingdom began, what happened to Ancient Egypt?
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lots of civil wars and instability because of weak pharaohs
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Who defeated/conquered the Egyptians? When? How?
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Around 1730 BC the Hyksos defeated the Egyptians because they had chariots and weapons
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What contributions did the Egyptians have to civilization?
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Architecture and Engineering
Art (very well developed for it's time) - pictures of the pharoah, hieroglyphics, and animals etc. Hieroglyphic Writing Solar year Calendar Diseases could be cured - treated people |
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Who were the earliest people of the Fertile Crescent?
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Sumerians
4000 BC |
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What were geographic features of the Fertile Crescent?
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Tigris and Euphrates River
Mediterranean coastline Low level plains |
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Mesopotamia
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Fertile Crescent
Land Between two rivers |
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Where is Sumeria?
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In nothern Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
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What were Sumerian contributions to civilizations?
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Cuneiform writing (We didn't figure out how to read it until 1846 AD)
System of numbers based on 60 that we still use today for telling time Built temples for their God's called ziggurats |
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Ziggurat
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temples the Sumerian's built for their Gods
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Where did the Babylonians live? When? Why?
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Mesopotamia around 1900 BC b/c they captured the city state Babylonia
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What did the Babylonians contribute to civilization?
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Code of Law
Hammurabi's Code was written down (over 280 harsh laws) |
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How did the Babylonians contribute to science?
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Astronomy (predicted the future based on the alignment of the stars)
Study of the Heavens allowed them to recognize planets and predict eclipses |
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What religion did the Babylonians believe in?
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Polytheistic
Epic of Gilgamesh - described the creation of Earth - first man and woman, then the great flood Stories closely resemble those of the old testament |
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When were the Hebrews in the Eastern Mediterranean?
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from 1400 BC - 1200 BC
Gradually settled in Palestine Maintained independence for about 500 years |
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What contributions did the Hebrews have to civilization?
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monotheism - belief in one God
Old Testament High Moral Principles Judaism Embodies Precepts of ethical behavior for advanced for ancient world |
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Mosaic Law
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first 5 books of the old testament
"Love thy neighbor as thyself" 10 Commandments |
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Hebrew Prophets of the Old Testament
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emphasized monotheism and high moral principles
"what is hateful to thee do not do unto others" - Influenced Christianity (remember Jesus was a Jew) Became part of western world's declared code of ethics |
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Where did the Phoenicians live?
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Lived along the Mediterranean coast north of Palestine from 1200 to 800 BC
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What were the Phoenician's main cities?
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Tyre and Sidon
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What were the Phoenicians known for?
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Highly skilled ship builders and navigators, seafaring merchants
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What were the Phoenicians contributions to civilization?
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Alphabet
Kept Records |
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What do historians do?
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take primary sources and try to figure out what happened
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Where did the Persians live?
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In the 6th century, they lived east of the Fertile Crescent on the Plateau of Iran
Cyrus the Great ruled them and they conquered the whole Iranian plateau |
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What was so significant about the Persians?
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they were the largest Empire yet seen in the ancient world
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What were Persian contributions to civilization?
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Government
Spread of Culture - built roads Religion - Zorasthrianism Prophet Zoraster preached Arura Mazda - the God of light and goodness was constantly fighting Ahriman the evil spirt Teachings form basis of the Persian Bible |
