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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Monarchy
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is ruled by a king or monarch.Ex. Constitutional and Absolute
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Aristocracy
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is ruled by a small group of noble, land owning families, rich makes laws for poor.
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Oligarchy
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is ruled by a few powerful people. Ex. nobles and merchants.
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Democracy
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is ruled by the people for the people. Ex.Direct,and Rebulic/Representative
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Judaism
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religion of the Hebrews(jews) that teaches responsibility of personal choices, and moral freedom.
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Christianity
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religion founded upon Jesus that stresses equality of all people.
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Islam
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religion based on the teachings of Muhammad that stresses duty of individual to community and individual worth.
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Renaissance
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movement stressing classical culture that questioned the government.
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Reformation
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religious reform movement of the 16th century that questioned the govenment.
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Common Law
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Reflects customs and principles established over time that became the basis of legal system in most English speaking countries.
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Magna Carta
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The first English document guaranteeing to protect the political and legal rights of an individual and stating the king must govern according to law and get all taxes approved.
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Due Process of Law
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The right to have law work in known orderly ways and states kings may not arbitrarily punish subjects.
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Divine Right
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A claim that the king’s power comes from god and is absolute meaning they are responsible only to god, used by kings to ignore the written laws and make his own laws.
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Glorious Revolution
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A time period where the English parliament gained control over monarchs powers and resulted in parliament controlling who became leader.
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Enlightenment
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A movement of learning and thinking that took ideas of justice and science to question society.
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Social Contract
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An understanding with the people and leaders that the people will allow leaders to have power to keep arrangement in government.
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Natural Rights
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Theory that everyone should be able to live, have freedom and land because the authorities power is elected by the citizens, so these rights should be guarded.
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Federal System
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Separates authority into 2 parts that each have different amounts of control.
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John Locke
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positive view of human nature, people can learn from experience and improve themseleves.
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philosophe
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people that could apply reason to all aspects of life.
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Voltaire
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published more than 70 books of political essays,philosophy and drama.
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Montesquieu
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devoted himself to the study of political liberty and he thought Britain had the best government.
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Rosseau
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commited to the individual freedom and he disagreed with other enlightenment thinkers.
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Mary Wallstonecraft
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she believed that woman need the same rules and needs as men.
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Estate
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3 social classes in France pre French Revolution.
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National Assembly
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3rd estates new legislature devoloped to make goverenment reforms-1st representative body.
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Tennis Court Oath
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N.A. delegates write a new constitution for France after being locked out of the estates-general.
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Legislative Assembly
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new goverenment body created to create and pass laws. memebers:emigres-$ and sans coullottes-everyday people
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Napolean Bonaparte
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French military leader and eventual leader of Franch empire in early 1800's.
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Congress of Viena
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meeting of European countries to reshape Europe peacefully.
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Concert of Europe
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european nations with monarchies pledge to fight revolvtionaries.
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Industrail Revolution
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major increase of machine made goods from 1700-1900s.
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Enclosures
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large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges.
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Crop Rotation
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switching crops every year to improve food supply.
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Industrialization
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move from hand made to machine made production of goods.
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Factors of production
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the 3 things needed to produce goods:land,labor,and capitol.
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factory
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large building where machinery is used to make goods
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entrepreneur
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a person who organizes, manages,and takes business risks.
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stock
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share of a company used to spread risk, sold to raise $
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corporation
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a company owned by stockholders
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urbanization
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the movement of people from rural areas to cities.
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middle class
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skilled workers,merchants,farmers and professionals
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laissez faire
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a policy that goverenment will not interfere with business.(hands-offs gov't)
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Adam Smith
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founder of capitaliam and author of The Wealth of Nations
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capitaliam
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economic system where privately owned businesses seek profit.
-based on competition between individuals |
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utilitarianis
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a theory that everything should be judged by their usefullness
-utopian based |
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socialism
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theory where the factors of production are owned and operated for the people with limited goverenment control.
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Karl Marx
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founder of communiam and author of the Communist Manifesto.
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communism
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socirty where people own and shared the factors of production (no goverenement)
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suffrage
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the right to vote
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chartist movement
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expands suffrage and reform in British
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assembly line
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creating one task per worker which decreases specialization
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Charles Darwin
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english scientist who developed the theory of evolution
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Theory of Evolution
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states that a species changes slowly through natural selection
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Mass Culture
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the concept that "the people" need to be entertained through art, music and writing
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chartist movement
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expands sufferage and reform in British gov't
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assembly line
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creating one task per worker which decreases speacialization
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Charles Darwin
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english scientist who developed the theory of evolution
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Theory of Evolution
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states that a species changes slowly through natural selection
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Mass Culture
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the concept that "the people" need to be entertained through art, music, and writing
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Peninsulares
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head of spanish gov't and society in their Latin America colonies
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Creoles
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american born spaniards who could holf military postions and led the colonies with peninsulares
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Mulatto
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people with mixed eauropean and african ancestry in Latin America
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Simon Bolivar
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wealthy creole general who led Venezuala in a evolution in early 1800's
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Miguel Hildago
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priest who launched the Mexican Revolution in 1810
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conservative
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landowners and nobles who want traditional monarchies in Euro-Asia
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liberal
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wealthy merchants and business owners want a limited democracy in Euro-Asia
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radical
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believe in liberty and equality and want full democracies in Euro-Asia
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nationalism
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forming or being loyal to a "nation" based on people's common languages, culture and ethnicity
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nation state
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nation with its own independent gov't
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russification
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forcing other people to adopt Russian culture which strengthens nationalism
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Camillo di Cavour
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prime minister of Sardinia in 1852 who helps to unify Italy
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Guiseppe Garibalda
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leads nationalist movement in Southern Italy and helps to unify Italy
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Junker
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a conservative wealthy landowner in Prussia (Germany)
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Otto von Bismark
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a junker and master of real politik that unified Germany
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Realpolitik
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the politics of reality or tough power politics
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imperialism
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domination of a country politically, economically and/or culturaly by another country
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racism
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the belief that one race is better than another race
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Berlin Conference
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1884-1885 where 14 European nations met to divide up Africa
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Social Darwinism
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theory of natural selection applied to human society
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Boer war
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the first modern war; Dutch Boers British over African resources 1899
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assimilation
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a policy in which the ruling group assumes the minority group will absorb their culture
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paternalism
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a policy of governing people in a parental way by provided for their needs but not their rights
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Menelik II
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Emperor of Ethiopia in 1889; played the Europeans against each other to keep them out of his country
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suez canal
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a human made waterway through Isthmus of suez in Egypt, controlled by England
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Geopolitics
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an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products
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sepoy
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an Indain Soldier under the rule of the British
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sepoy mutiny
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an uprising in 1857 by sepoys against England because they supposedly greased their weapons with pork
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Raj
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term used to describe British rule over India 1757-1997
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Jewel in the Crown
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what England considered India in comparison to its other colonies
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sphere of influence
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an area in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment
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Taiping Rebellion
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a peasant movement led by Hong, to bring vast wealth to all Chinese people in the 1830's
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Extraterritorial Rights
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foreign citizens not having to abide by the laws of the country they are living/working in
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Open door policy
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China, deemed by the U.S. to be open to all merchants of all nations
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Boxer Rebellion
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a 1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country
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