World History 2- Test One

Front 1

ghazis

Back 1

Anatolian warriors for Islam

Front 2

Ottomans

Back 2

Followers of Osman, most successful ghazi, build a small Muslim state

Front 3

Sultan

Back 3

"overlord", "one with power" declared title of Orkhan 1, second ruler of the Ottomans

Front 4

Timur the Lame

Back 4

Ruler who was able to briefly halt Ottoman expansion,

Front 5

Battle of Anakara

Back 5

Battle between Ottomans and Timur the Lame in 1402 that halted Ottoman expansion

Front 6

Mehmed II or Mehmed the Conquer

Back 6

Attacked the city of Constinatinople and after seven weeks of fighting the Turks took the city
Allowed the city

Front 7

Suleyman the Lawgiver

Back 7

Amazing conquering expanding the borders of the Ottoman empire to their peak (warring with Central Europeans, North Africans and Central Asians)
Created a working social structure and governing body for all of the Ottoman empire, creating a unifrom law code and undermining bueacracy

Front 8

devshirme

Back 8

drafted boys for the conquered Christian territories, 20,000

Front 9

Janissaries

Back 9

30,000 elite force, loyal to the sultan only

Front 10

Suleyman and Culture

Back 10

similar period to the Renaissance- flourishing of science and arts

Front 11

Suleyman and sons

Back 11

Suleyman- last of competent rulers
Killed his ablest son and exiled his second leaving his third son to take the thrown
This pattern continued throwing the Ottoman empire into decline

Front 12

Bartolomeu Dias

Back 12

early Portuguese explorer gave motives for exploration- religious and political servitude, enlightenment, riches
Reached the southern tip of Africa

Front 13

Naval technological advancements

Back 13

ships that could sail against the wind
astrolabe- which allows one to read how far north or south one is of the equator
compass

Front 14

Prince Henry

Back 14

Prince of Portugal, strong supporter of exploration, his appetite whetted by aiding in the conquering of a Muslim city
Under his influence Portugal set up several trading posts along the coast Africa used for trading valuables and later, slaves

Front 15

Vasco da Gama

Back 15

began exploration of east African coast and reached India, profits were 60x the cost
gave Portugal a route to India

Front 16

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 16

When Columbus discovered the Americas he believed he had reached Asia, increasing the rivalry between Spain and Portugal. The Pope, hoping to keep the peace, drew up a treaty that divided the Americas in a vertical line known as the Line of Demarcation. This treaty was signed n 1494

Front 17

Dutch East India Company

Back 17

Dutch company which wielded enormous power and became the leading trading company between Europe and Asia

Front 18

New France

Back 18

base of French colonial empire, the French were the ones to penetrate the American continent and the French colonial empire eventually covered much of what is now the mid-western United States

Front 19

Jamestown

Back 19

First town set up by English colonists in Virginia named for the King James (1607)

Front 20

Pilgrims

Back 20

1620, founded second English colony at Plymouth in MA, came for religious freedoms

Front 21

Puritans

Back 21

Followed the example of the Pilgrims, leaving for similar reasons and est. a much larger English colony

Front 22

New Netherland

Back 22

Dutch holdings of the Dutch West India company in North America- area of trade around the Hudson waterways

Front 23

French and Indian War

Back 23

conflict between English and French expansion in North America. became part of the seven years' war- a battle in Europe between its major players

Front 24

Metacom

Back 24

Native American ruler who led an attack on colonial villages throughout MA. Both sides massacred hundreds of victims. Eventually the colonists won out.