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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ahl al-kitab |
People of the Book (Christians and Jews) |
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Quraysh |
Muhammad's tribe. Powerful tribe in Mecca |
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Transport revolution in Arabia |
Camels with Saddles |
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Kabah |
Shrine in Mecca hosting the Tribal Gods of the desert |
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Muruwah |
Required each tribe to take care of its own member by sharing its resources equally. |
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al-Amin |
Muhammad's title "Reliable One" |
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Umma |
Muhammad's first established community |
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Define Islam |
Surrender to the will of one god "Allah" |
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Five Pillars of Islam |
Shahadah: Professino of faith Salat: Prayer 5x a day Zakat: Donating to the less fortuante Ramadan: Fasting during the day for a month Haj: Pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Jihad |
The struggle inside oneself against lust, greed, anger, violence, and corruption within oneself to become a better person. |
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al Andalusia |
Southern Spain |
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Sufism |
The mystic branch of Islam which believes in universal love of humanity and communication with Allah through meditation, music, singing, dancing, chanting, etc. |
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Explain the peacefulness of Sufism |
They worked with the local traditions. Had respect for diversity and pluralism. |
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golden Age of Islamic Civilization |
750-1258 CE |
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What land did the Islamic civilization cover? |
From Spain to India and from Africa to Central Asia (Transoxiana) |
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Abbasid Capital |
Baghdad |
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Futuh |
"opening" Baghdad was the center of world cultures where many groups lived side by side practicing their religions and speaking different languages |
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Bayt al-Hikma |
House of Wisdom: institution responsible for bringing to light works on mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy |
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al-Khwarizmi |
Greatest mathematician of all time... introduced Indian Numbers (0-9) and the arithmetic with the decimal place value. Created Algebra |
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Mu'tazilites |
Intellectual movement which propagated the idea that it is the intellect that guides mankind towards a true knowledge of God |
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al-Kindi |
First and one of the greatest philosophers of Islam... Earliest sympathizer of Mu'taziliaism. Questioned everything around him including Aristotle. |
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Ibn Sina |
Author of "Canon of Medicine" Known as Avicenna... also a philosopher... committed to the supremacy of logic... did not see a contradiction between rationalism and spiritualism or reason and logic |
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Kitab al-Shifa |
Book of Healing... provides knowledge to cure the world of the disease of ignorance. Deals with subjects like logic, natural sciences, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music, and metaphysics` |
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al-Idrisi |
Greatest geographer of the medieval Islamic world |
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al-Kitab al-Rujari |
"The Book of Roger"... the first World Atlas |
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Ibn Khaldun |
Greatest Historian and economist to come out of the Islamic world... father of economic science |
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Muqaddima |
"introduction/prologue" treatise on human civilization where he discusses at length the nature of the state and society |
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Ibn al-Haytham |
Greatest physicist between Archimedes and Isaac Newton... Wrote "The Book of Optics" |
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shukuk |
doubt... a crucial element of science |
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Nasir al-Din Tusi |
Astronomer at the Maragha School |
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Maragha School |
The world's greatest center of astronomy. |
