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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who described the era of the 1700s as "enlightened"?
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Immanuel Kant
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What even revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment?
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scientific revolution
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"My trade is to say what i think" said by who?
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Voltaire
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Which phrase best describes the concept of natural law?
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rules discoverable by reason
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How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau's beliefs differ from many Enlightenment thinkers?
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Rousseau believed the good of the community as a whole was most important
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who were the physiocrats?
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french thinkers who focused on economics
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physiocrats rejected mercantilism in favor of a policy of ____
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laissez faire
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which term describes the love of, or the search for, wisdom or knowledge?
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philosophy
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according to laissez-faire economist Adam Smith, a gov. should
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let free market forces drive the economy
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who is the author of leviathan?
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thomas hobbes
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during the enlightenment, the gov. and churches of europe....
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tried to stop new ideas by burning books and imprisoning writers
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which composer was a child prodigy who produced an enormous amount of music before age 35?
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wolfgang amadeus mozart
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rousseau argued what point in his writings about the natural human state?
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rousseau believed people were basically good and had a natural innocence.
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____ toyed with implementing Enlightenment ideas while ruling Russia
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Catherine the Great
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how did the french gov. react to the publication of the first encyclopedia
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the french gov. argued that it was an attack on public morals
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which book is mary wollstonecraft known for?
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a vindication of the rights of woman
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during the enlightenment, the ideas from the middle ages were done away with because......
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they seemed unscientific and irrational
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which group of people did montesquieu's ideas affect most?
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the framers of the us constitution
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who ruled austria during the age of enlightenment, ending censorship and abolishing serfdom during his reign?
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joseph II
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which phrase best describes the rococo style?
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lighter, elegant, and charming artistic style of the enlightenment
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what difficulty did some women have with the philosophes ideas?
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the philosophes slogan, "free and equal", did not apply to women
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rulers who did accept some of the new ideas of the enlightenment, but who continued to hold tremendous power, were called
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enlightened despots
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governments used ______ to protect themselves from the attacks of the attacks of enlightenment thinkers
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censorship
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how did the salons of the enlightenment develop?
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a group of noblewomen began inviting friends to their homes for poetry readings
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what rules discoverable by reason did enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and society?
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natural law
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in a vindication of the rights of woman, mary wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal ____
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education
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physiocrats supported a government policy of _____
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laissez faire
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enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they _____
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challenged the old order
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an enlightened despot was a ruler who
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influenced political and social change
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which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems?
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joseph II
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enlightenment thinkers were influence dby the idea of natural law that emerged from the ____
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scientific revolution
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according to thomas hobbes, the best form of gov. is ____
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an absolute monarchy
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the system of checks and balances in the US constitution was influenced by the ideas of which enlightenment thinker?
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montesquieu
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diderot's encyclopedia was important because it ____
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spread enlightenment ideas
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economist adam smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of
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supply and demand
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what enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of gov. is to safegaurd the natural rights of the people?
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John locke
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how did life change for most european peasants in the 1700s?
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life was transformed by the enlightenment thinkers
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how did courtly art in the 1700s differ from art in the 1600s?
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it followed the personal, elegant style of rococo
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because of voltaire's outspoken attacks on the abuses of his day, he suffered what consequences?
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imprisoned and forced into exile
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what statement best describes voltaire's novel candide?
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exposes corruption and hypocrisy
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enlightenment writers sometimes treid to avoid censorship by ____
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disguising their ideas as fiction
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elegant compositions by handel, haydn, and mozart reflected a new musical style of the enlightenment known as
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classical
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during the enlightenment, what argument did gov. and church officials use to justify their use of censorship?
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god set up the old order
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the nations first constitution was known as the
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articles of confederation
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where did the british war effort finally collapse?
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yorktown, virginia
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which phrase best describes the principle of popular sovereignty?
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all government power comes from the people
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who was the principal author of the declaration of independence?
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thomas jefferson
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which foreign nations came to the aid of the americans during the american revolution?
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france, spain, and the netherlands
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why did the american colonists resent british rule?
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britain imposed high taxes and controlled trade
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why was the american victory in the 1777 battle of saratoga significant?
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france was persuaded to join the americans
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_____ was a philosopher, scientist, publisher, legislator, and diplomat
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benjamin franklin
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after singing which of the following documents did great britain recognize the independence of the united states?
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treaty of paris
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why did parliament pass the navigation acts in the 100s?
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to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
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why did the colonists protest against "taxation w/o representation"?
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they were not represented in parliament
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why did colonists hurl a cargo of british tea into the boston harbor?
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to protest a tax imposed by the british
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which enlightenment idea was contained in the consitituion of the us?
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the separation of powers
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thomas jefferson drew from which enlightenment thinker's ideas when he wrote the dec. of independence
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john locke
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enlightenment thinkers inssisted that people and gov. could solve every social, political and economic problem by
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using reason
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what city was the "heart of the enlightenment"?
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paris
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what new form of literature developed by the 1700s?
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novels
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baron de montesquieu wanted to separate the powers of gov. among these branches to ___
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prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful
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what benefit did the 13 colonies on the easter coast of north america bring great britain?
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they increased trade w/ britain, and helped britain expand its colonial territories
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england became united w/ which areas to help facilitate its rise to global prominence?
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the US and colonial islands in the south pacific
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which of the following statements explains why the 13 american colonies were important to the british empire?
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they allowed britain to apply mercantilist policies in an attempt to strengthen its own economy
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how did the british try to create alliances within the colonies?
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they courted the slaves
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in the 1700s, british merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type of trade with spanish america?
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slaves
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which of the following british laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the american colonies?
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stamp act
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which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the american revolution?
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diverse geography
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the constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between
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national and state governments
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the idea of separation of powers in the constitution was borrowed from enlightenment thinker
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montesquieu
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because the american colonies were home to diverse religious and ethinic groups,
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social distinctions were more blurred than in europe
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britain passed the navigation acts to
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regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
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the battle of saratoga marked a turning point in the american revolution because
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the american victory convinced france to support the revolution
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american leaders gathered in philadelphia in 1787 to revise
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the articles of confederation
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light and delicate artistic style popular during the reign of louis xv
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rococo
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principle that all government power comes from the people
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popular sovereignty
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proposed the idea of separation of powers in government
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montesquieu
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his gov made policies that helped bring about the american revolution
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george iii
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argued that the forces of supply and demand in a free market can regulate business
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adam smith
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informal social gathering wehre enlightenment thinkers exchanged ideas
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salon
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helped spread enlightenment ideas by compiling articles by leading thinkers into a 28-volume work
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diderot
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chosen to command the american forces during the american revolution
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george washington
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principal author of the declatation of indepenednce
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thomas jefferson
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grand, ornate style of art and architecture popular during the aage of louis xiv
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baroque
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