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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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America First
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US group that pushed for neutrality - wanted a strong US defense force and wanted to stay out of the "European war"
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Atlantic Charter
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Plan between US and Britain on post-WWII policy - led to disagreements between the two on imperialism, as Britain supported it and the US did not
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Autobahn
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German interstate highway created by Hitler - used as propaganda, nationalism, and to stimulate the economy
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Bengal Famine
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Famine in India caused mostly by high prices - British did not handle it well and there were social consequences
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Blitzkreig
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German lightning war tactic of attacking really fast - worked until they got to Russia because Russia is big and cold
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Brazzaville Conference
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French conference with African colonies in which French gave concessions such as no forced labor and the right to vote
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Burma-Thailand Railway
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Railway set up by Japan, through forced labor, to connect Burma and Thailand - built in hopes of conquering China
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C-47
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US aircraft that flew "hump routes" to deliver supplies to soldiers
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Clearing Accounts
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German vouchers that were used to buy stuff - Denmark took them and never got paid back for them
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Colonial Development and Welfare Act
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Act between Britain, Jamaica, and South Africa in which Britain helped those countries in order to strengthen its own empire
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Condor Legion
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German soldiers who fought for nationalists/fascists in Spanish Civil War
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Continuation War
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Finland's name for the war, in which it claimed to stay neutral but was really siding with Germany - this did not please the USSR
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Cripps Mission
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Britain's unsuccessful attempt to gain Indian support for war efforts, which were also designed to prevent revolt in India
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Essential Undertakings Board
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Kenyans who wanted "civilian conscription" for private enterprise, which they manipulated to mean just about anything
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Falange
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Spanish Fascist movement that was adopted by Franco, the nationalist leader in the Spanish Civil War
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French Concession in Shanghai
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French center of trade in Shanghai, which was handed over to Japan by Vichy government
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General Government
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Area in Poland that Poles were confined to after Germany redrew Poland's borders
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Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere
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Japan's sphere of influence in which it promoted modernism within Asian culture and nationalism
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Hapag-Lloyd Steamship Company
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Germans training Latin American military
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Hull Note/Hull Ultimatum
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US told Japan they wanted them out of Indochina, which Tojo saw as a declaration of war
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Indian Army
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Indians who served Britain in the war in a "volunteer army" and who hoped to gain independence if Britain won the war
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International Brigades
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Socialists, communists, and anti-Fascists who wanted to fight Germany and Italy to preserve democracy in Spain
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International Settlement in Shanghai
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Treaty allowing free usage of port in Shanghai after Japan had closed it
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Invasion of Ethiopia
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Italy invaded British colonies to get soldiers and colonies, but were initially unsuccessful and resorted to poison gas
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King's African Rifles
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East Africans who fought for the British, though many didn't know which side they should actually fight for because they hated the British
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League of Nations
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Allied powers after WWI who tried to prevent war (and failed)
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Lech'i/Stern Gang
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Zionist extremists who wanted to remove the British from Palestine and who wanted no restrictions on immigration
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Mers el-Kebir
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French fleet that was destroyed by British, who were afraid of Germans using the fleet
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Meta-narrative
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Encompassing story used to describe big historical events
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Monroe Doctrine
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US principle that any European colonization in Latin America would be considered hostile
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Mother Russia
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Russian nationalist movement led by Stalin
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National Revolution, Vichy France
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French government that united with Axis powers
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Nazi-Soviet Pact
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Agreement made in 1939 in which the countries agreed on non-aggression and divided up Poland
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World's Fair
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Attempt by America to create global unity and display a sort of utopia - to an extent, it displayed American isolationism
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Operation Barbarossa
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German offensive on the USSR - hoped to get them and Britain to surrender
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Operation X
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Stalin's support of the Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War
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Ossewa Brandwag/Oxwagon Sentinel
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South Africans who were anti-British and pro-German and opposed South African policies in the war
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Pan-American Highway
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Route of movement by American nations to prevent from potential European attack
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Perisphere
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Structure at center of World's Fair that stood for the future
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Popular Front in Spain and France
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Anti-Fascist comintern leftist groups
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Quit India Movement
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Movement post-Cripps that was designed to remove British from the country
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Reich Credit Bank Certificates
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Certificates that let Germans buy stuff in other countries at low prices - showed Axis power
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Reich Ministry for Occupied Eastern Territories (OMi)
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Nazi occupation in Eastern Europe - tried to create Reichkommisariats but failed
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Reichstag Fire
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Nazis burned down the Reichstag and blamed the Communists - was key to the rise of Nazi power
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Releve
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French POW swap/forced labor movement that didn't work
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Saludos Amigos
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Set of Disney films designed to create regional unity in Latin America, while also helping the US exert its influence on the area
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Service to Travail Obligatoire (STO)
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French basically arrested people to get them to sign up for war - rationalized by the thought that it'd be better for them to do it than the Germans
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Spanish Civil War
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War between Popular Front/Republic/Communists and Nationalists/Fascists/Franco's forces, who had Hitler's support
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Tirailleurs Senegalais
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West Africans who fought for French in 1940
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Tokyo Olympics, 1940
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Japan's attempt to show off how "modern" it was to the world
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USS Reuben James
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US ship destroyed by Germans after US froze German assets - showed that the two were clearly on opposite sides
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Vichy France
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Nazi-controlled portion of southern France
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Volk
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"the people", whom Hitler fought for
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Wafd
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Egyptian party that the King was forced to create by British - was very unpopular and overthrown
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White Paper on Palestine
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British statement of policy for Palestine, which it had promised to Jews and Arabs - limited immigration and proposed shared government
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A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London
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Post-war poem written by English poet Dylan Thomas in which he refuses to mourn the dead and celebrates every innocent life lost
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V-2/A-4 Rocket
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Rockets flown over London by Germany, who didn't use them to force mass casualties but did use them to invoke "V-Terror"
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Absolute National Defense Sphere
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Wall of islands used by Japan as defense
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All American Girls Professional Baseball League
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League of baseball for women set up in 1943
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Anglesey and Peg Legs
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Legs given to amputee soldiers when they returned home - Anglesey were newer, more modern models
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Article Nine, Japanese Constitution
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Stated that Japan will no longer have an army
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Atabrine and Chloroquine*
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Drugs used to treat diseases such as malaria
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B-29
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Gigantic "superfortress" planes that US used to drop incendiary bombs on Tokyo
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Battle fatigue
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The physical and psychological reaction to the fatigue and fear inherent in combat - took over many, many soldiers in the war
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Black markets*
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Were run in several places across the war, especially in Italy in early 1940s
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Bretton Woods Organizations
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Group of countries that set up rules for future financial negotiations as the war was ending - required each country to adopt a monetary policy to maintain exchange rate
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Charlemagne Battalion
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Group of French volunteer soldiers who fought for the Nazis
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Chinese Base Areas
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Spots across China set up by the Communists around the time of the Long March
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Consumer Front*
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German economy was able to do whatever it wanted and it essentially wrung France dry of all of its money
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Containment
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Cold War idea created by George Kennan that was designed to halt the spread of communism
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Convoy*
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Convoy on Ledo Road from India to China, which was used to open up oil
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Copperbelt Riots
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Uprisings from copper workers in Africa against British colonies - workers were worried because mines were struggling and wages were dropping
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DDT/Neocid
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Chemical used to prevent bugs from attacking crops - was successful, but was used excessively in some places and it infected people
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Denazification
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Stripping Germany of its nazi culture after the war
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Displaced Persons
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People forced into migration (such as Holocaust survivors) who are held up in camps after the war
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Fanfare for the Common Man
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Song written by Aaron Copland which became a symbol of US folk traditions - sparked debate on role of civilians and ordinary people in war
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G.I. Bill of Rights
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Post-war document that gave education and significant aid to returning WWII veterans - gave them homes as well
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I.G. Farben
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German chemical industry conglomerate of several companies - acquired patent for hydrogenization and worked with Nazis in war
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Ichi-Go Offensive
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Japanese last-ditch attack to overthrow Chinese government - kamikaze attacks that kept going until US bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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King David Hotel Bombing
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Attack on British authorities in Palestine by right-wing Zionists
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Lend-Lease
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Agreement in which the US gave money and materials to other Allies - ended US neutrality and showed the country's influence worldwide
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Les femmes tondues (shorn women)
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Women in France who were accused of collaboration and had their heads shaved as a result
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Lili Marleen
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Song by Marlene Dietrich about missing home while at war
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Mallinckrodt Chemical Works
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Location where much planning and research for the Manhattan Project took place - became a polluted waste site and gave several workers leukemia
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Maquis
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French Resistance guerrilla group that escaped in order to avoid Vichy conscription
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Manhattan Project
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Project between the US, Canada, and Britain to produce an atomic bomb - got help from scientists around the world
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Marshall Plan
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American plan of providing cash grants to Europe in order to help the continent rebuild
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Me-262
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Very powerful German jet fighter
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Oil
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Resource vital to the success of everyone in the war - sources across the world had been untapped prior to war; countries cut off others from oil; etc...
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Pine Root Oil Project
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Japanese effort to obtain aviation fuel from pine tree roots - was incredibly unsuccessful
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Rationing
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Practice of countries to control distribution of food or other goods during wartime
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U-Boats
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German submarines that targeted merchant convoys and suffocated trade between US and Britain
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Women's Land Army
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British civilians who worked in agriculture to replace men
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Milice
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French people under Vichy influence who worked with the police to stop Communists, French Resistance, and Allies
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National Spiritual Mobilization Campaign
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Japanese anti-Jazz laws - didn't play jazz because it was enemy music
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Penicillin
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Antibiotic withheld by some
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Potsdam Conference
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Final meeting of winners - agreed on how to occupy Germany
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Quinine
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Anti-malaria drug - mostly came from Japan before war, then Costa Rica made it instead
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Radar
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Developed by navy - success of alternatives to free market
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Rosie the Riveter
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US propaganda to get women involved
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Salon music
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Japanese music + jazz
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Rubber
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Made in Brazil
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Spam
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Delicious meat that spread across the war
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Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme
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British way to get people to work and tried to plant peanuts
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Thika Syndrome
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Give arsenic to people and home they don't die
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Tu Quoque
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Saying "but you did it too" - was not a valid argument in Nuremberg trials
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U-boats
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German submarines that thwarted US and Britain's transport efforts
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UN Relief and Rehab Administration (UNRRA)
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UN giving relief to people liberated by the Axis
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War Bonds
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Helped to combat inflation
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War Brides
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People having sex with everyone
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Warsaw Rising
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Polish revolted and failed horribly
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Winter War, 1939-40
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Finland vs. Russia
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Yalta Conference
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First meeting of victors - unconditional surrender
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Zoot Suit Riots
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People in LA revolted and got shot
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