World History 1500S To Present Midterm

Front 1

History (event and knowledge)

Back 1

past events. ways of thinking or speaking about the past. our knowledge.

Front 2

primary source

Back 2

traces left behind by those who have lived in the era of the past. significant so that historians could write their papers. (weapons, newspaper)

Front 3

converso

Back 3

1. jews who converted to catholicism. 2. the plaque made people question their faith.
3. Catholic church didnt like that so Ferdinand/ Isabella had the Spanish Inquisition for new practices.

Front 4

reconquista

Back 4

1. The spanish reconquist of territories lost to the Islamic Empire.

Front 5

borderlands

Back 5

1. areas between the larger systems. people lived there and they helped with the trading
2. during a time of four major cultural systems but people were starting to explore different lands and resources.
3. the control was not as centralized so there was more diversity there.
4. ex. turkish nomads linked china and mediterranean

Front 6

dar al islam

Back 6

1. "house of Islam"
2. 13th century. islam was not politically unified but culturally it was.
3. Sense of commonality between the Muslims because the three empires were so diverse and difficult the control.

Front 7

colombian exchange

Back 7

1. europeans brought technollogy, weapons, disease, animals, plants. americas gave *gold and silves* tomato corn tobacco, squash, syphillis. caused a dramatic decline in the native population.
2. The europeans discovered the New World and was trying to find a way to use the resources so they can become more involved with the world trade.
3. this created a true world economy

Front 8

indulgences

Back 8

1. catholics could buy their salvation.
2. the plague lead people to question their faith. protestant reformation wanted to get people back under their faith.
3. this lead to the religious wars and martin luther speaking out that you can get to heaven with :GOOD WORKS:. lead to increased literacy.

Front 9

huguenot

Back 9

1. calvinist, god has already decided between the heaven and damnation before the creation of the world.
2. charles took over france and the hugeunots fought the catholics.
3. the edict of nantes was formed allowing the hugenots to worship in the catholic regions.

Front 10

encomiendas

Back 10

1. the spanish system that gave grants (encom) to those that were able to enslave native populations originally used to instill christianity..
2. 10 years after columbus found america and around the time that the europeans were working the colombian exchange and trying to get into the world economy.
3. significance was this resulted in good for the spanish. bad for the native populations.

Front 11

mercantilism

Back 11

1. they didnt look for mineral wealth. they looked for fertile land to raise cash crops.
2. the transoceanic trade changed the lives of many. there was more of a global economy.
3.began the system that ones wealth came at anothers loss. started the african slavery and was the foundation for the new colonies in america.

Front 12

canton system

Back 12

1. law placed in by the qing emperor saying that the europeans can only trade with a specific port, "canton."
2. this was during the time that global markets were coming into play, the ottoman empire was declining because of the new import/ export of silver
3. lead china to have a isolated reputation. made the europeans want to get in more and ultimately lead to the opium wars.

Front 13

serfdom

Back 13

1. russian serfs were used to maintain the wealth of the nobility. they were later bound to the land and treated like the african slaves.
2. still the world was becoming more connected. mongols had declined so russia was trying to expand and there were many superiors making life difficult for those under him.
3.the key to russias economic growth laid in its supply of serfdom labor. not all complied though causing tensions.

Front 14

Treaty of westphalia

Back 14

1. model for resolving international conflicts
2. right after the 30 years war.the governments had put the religion over the politics
3. this began an end to the movement to make people of ones own religion. if there were wars it was out of the nations interest not in trying to convert people. made the nationstate stronger.

Front 15

constitutionalism vs. absolutism

Back 15

1. constitutionalism: when a leader must share power with elected reps.
1. absolutism: divine right or monarch has all power.
2. philosophers tried to create forms of political control versus the government under religion. the reformation caused violence because of differing opinions leading to the thirty years war.
3.this began wars based on which kind of control the people should have. lead to the whigs and tories fight (courtney wears a whig...) or the glorious revolution. this was carried by england into america.

Front 16

mercantilism

Back 16

1. they didnt look for mineral wealth. they looked for fertile land to raise cash crops.
2. the transoceanic trade changed the lives of many. there was more of a global economy.
3.began the system that ones wealth came at anothers loss. started the african slavery and was the foundation for the new colonies in america.

Front 17

canton system

Back 17

1. law placed in by the qing emperor saying that the europeans can only trade with a specific port, "canton."
2. this was during the time that global markets were coming into play, the ottoman empire was declining because of the new import/ export of silver
3. lead china to have a isolated reputation. made the europeans want to get in more and ultimately lead to the opium wars.

Front 18

serfdom

Back 18

1. russian serfs were used to maintain the wealth of the nobility. they were later bound to the land and treated like the african slaves.
2. still the world was becoming more connected. mongols had declined so russia was trying to expand and there were many superiors making life difficult for those under him.
3.the key to russias economic growth laid in its supply of serfdom labor. not all complied though causing tensions.

Front 19

Treaty of westphalia

Back 19

1. model for resolving international conflicts
2. right after the 30 years war.the governments had put the religion over the politics
3. this began an end to the movement to make people of ones own religion. if there were wars it was out of the nations interest not in trying to convert people. made the nationstate stronger.

Front 20

constitutionalism vs. absolutism

Back 20

1. constitutionalism: when a leader must share power with elected reps.
1. absolutism: divine right or monarch has all power.
2. philosophers tried to create forms of political control versus the government under religion. the reformation caused violence because of differing opinions leading to the thirty years war.
3.this began wars based on which kind of control the people should have. lead to the whigs and tories fight (courtney wears a whig...) or the glorious revolution. this was carried by england into america.

Front 21

occam's razor

Back 21

1. the simplist explanations seem to be the most accurate and therefore the best
2. during a time of looking at sciences over common sense. countries were gaining more wealth and continuing global trade. observation and hypothesis scientific method
3.lead to better social systems in europe but also deadlier weapons of war. they emphasized progress in the human condition. lead to the enlightenment and "modernity"

Front 22

laissez faire

Back 22

1. adam smith developed the theory for modern capitalist societies. there is a "invisible hand" of supply and demand that does not need government intervention but more people for production. he does not agree with mercantilists.
2. during the time of the enlightenment when people were looking more towards the sciences.
3.this would have an effect on how many countries ( europe) used this theory for free trade.

Front 23

chinese civil service exam

Back 23

1. a competitive exam that helped pick administration for the chinese government.
2. there were new exchanges of print and culture from outside China. this created a very diverse world within China that the gov could not control.
3. the system gave way to 2000 years of stability and was a model used in other asian/ western countries.

Front 24

jacobins

Back 24

1. wanted to create a new republic with a new culture. centralized government excluding minority languages.
2. during the time of the french revolution. the people attacked the superiors because of the government and economy very similar to what it is like today. recession, inflation, unemployment.
3. they were the beginning means of the "directory" or the french republic. part of the thermodorian reaction in which the people reversed rebesppierres terror ruling.

Front 25

estates general

Back 25

1. assembly consisting of all but the poorest regions of france.
2. the french revolution was going on similar to today and the government wanted to figure out a way to reform. the revlution in America had a slight impact on the present social state.
3. he met with all three estates and they agreed on. led to the tennis court oath that the assembly would continue to meet until there was a foundation formed. after hearing about the meeting the king killed his financer because he sympathised and the people attacked bastille.

Front 26

reign of terror

Back 26

1. robesppiere came in after ending the monarchy as an extreme jacobin who wanted to use terror as a way to control the people and keep foreign enemies out.
2. during the french and american revolution. integrated after the monarchy was ended because there needed to be some form of new government.
3. there were too many deaths and it lead to the killing of robbes and the thermodarian reaction (opposite) and the creation of the directory.

Front 27

bourgeoisie

Back 27

1. middle class bankers and engineers!
2. there was a population increase in much of britain so the people demanded more goods.
3. bourgs provided the stablility for the increased population as the wroking class. they supported lassaiz fare.

Front 28

sepoy

Back 28

1 large army of indians under the british in india company
2. this was during the time that british was gaining more economic power so they went into india to take over some of the markets and got many army memberd under their belt. they did revolt though but the british crushed them.
3. this was part of the industrial rev and the need for resources. the sepoy was a mark of superiority of the british and their desire to be a world. power.