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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers
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Enclosure.
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explain in detail how life changes as industry spreads |
grown into industrial towns and cities. bought clothes and food instead of making them. trains and steamships. increase in population |
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explain in detail how agriculture spurs industry |
a change in the farming fields. a second agricultural revolution took place that greatly improved the equality and quantity of farm producers.
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explain in detail how farming methods improved
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smaller fields and larger ones made better use of land. exchanged news of experiments through farm journals. turnips = restored exhausted soil |
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explain in detail how enclosure increases output but causes migration |
facilitated enclosures through legislative large human cost farmers were forces off of land because they couldn't compete with large land holders.
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explain how population multiples |
agricultural revolution reduced the risk of death because it created a surplus of food. batter hygene, medical care, and slowed deaths from diseases |
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explain the new technology becomes key |
aided by new sources of energy and new materials, these new technology enabled business owners to change the ways work was done.
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money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprises |
capital
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a person who assumes financial risks in the hope of making a profit |
entrepreneur |
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why Britian? |
natural sources such as iron, ore, and coal. Great Britian had many natural harbors for trade. Rivers for transportation and sources of power. |
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explain in detail Natural Resources Abound |
water power - canals increased accessibility for trade supply of coal was fundamented to its industrialization and was used to power steam engines. |
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explain in detail the effects of demand and capital |
eger to meet the growing demands. $ was necessary for starting a business capital, enterprise! many business men were ready to risk their capital in new ventures. stable government |
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explain in detail the textile industry advances |
cotton cloth imported from india became popular. tried to organized a cotton cloth industry at home putting-out system. |
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movement to people from rural areas to cities |
urbanization |
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workers organization |
labor union |
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social impact of the industrial revolution |
brought great riches to most of the entrepreneurs who helped set it into motion. proverty and harsh living conditions benefits from industrialization |
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explain in detail the new social class emerges |
a new middle class owned and operated the new factories, mines, and railroads faced through working conditions. |
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explain in detail the Industrial middle class |
entrepreneurs benefited the most created a new middle class grew profits in facotires took pride in their work women didn't leave, took care of the kids and the house |
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explain in detail factory workers face harsh conditions |
the grim factories of industrial towns, workers faced a rigid schedule set by the factory whistle 12-16 hours 6-7 days a week might lose a finger, limd, or even their life damaged their lungs more women worked than men |
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SHORT ANSWER who is Thomas Malthus |
- british economist - saw effects of the population explosion - published an essay on the Principle of Population - tried to understand the staggering changes taking place in the early industrial age |
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who is Jeremy Bentham |
british philosopher who advocated utilitarianism saw the need for government to become involved under certain circumstances. |
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idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the happiness for the greatest number of people |
utilitarianism |
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a system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses |
socialism |
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means of production |
farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distribute goods.
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who is Robert Owen |
he set up a model community in New Lanark, Scottland, to put up his own ideas into practice |
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MOST IMPORTANT SHORT ANSWER!!!!! who is Karl Marx |
- German philosopher - condemned the ideas of the Utopians as unrealistic idealism. - formulated a new theory "scientific socialism" - "scientific socialism" claimed was the based on scientific study of history - created communism |
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a form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; according to the Marx class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of the classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a while |
communism |
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working class |
proletariat |
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a political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent over throw of the system, |
social democracy |
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explain in detail laissez - economics |
natural laws should be allowed without interference government shouldn't interfere in the free operation of the economy the "hands off" approach a free market will help everyone
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explain in detail Malthus holds bleak view |
population would out peace the food supply natures "natural" method of war thus urged families to have less children factory system changed peoples lifestyles for the worse living conditioned improved - people = fewer children |
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SHORT ANSWER! explain in detail Ricardo Shares View |
- dedicated himself to economic studies - economics became known as the "dismal science" - Ricardo pointed out that wage increases were futile because when wages increased it would only cover the cost of necessities - wages were high, families had more children - individuals should be left to improve their lot through thrift, hard woe, and limiting the size of families |
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SHORT ANSWER! explain in detail Owen's Utopia |
- believed there was a way to change society for the good. - to prove his point he set up a cotton mill - homes for workers and schools for kids - industrial age brought harsh living conditions and poverty as people crowded into cities |
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explain in detail socialist thought emerges |
other thinkers focused on the good of society in general. the evils of the industrial capitalism, created a golf between rich and poor socialism operated the means of production socialism grew out of the Enlightenment faith in progress and human nature and its concern for social justice |
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explain in detail Owen established a Utopia |
poor welsh boy became a successful mill owner refused to use child labor campaned laws for limiting child labor |
