World Geography Unit 1

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Alexander von Humboldt

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called the father of modern geography

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5 themes of geography:

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Place, Location, Human and EnvironmentalInteraction, Human Movement, Regions

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Place

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- The exact location in which a place is found on the globeis the absolute location. -

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Latitude and Longitude lines

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make up the grid system by which we measure and navigate the globe.

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Relative location -

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this is the way in most people locateplaces. It is a place location in relation to other places. For instance, VillaRica is about 30 miles west of Atlanta.

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ecosystem

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_________ is a community of plants and animals that depend upon oneanother, and their surroundings for survival.

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Movement -

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A recurring theme in geography is the ongoing movement ofpeople, goods, and ideas.

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Name the 4 hemispheres of the earth

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Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western Hemisphere

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two major branches of geography are

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physical geography and humangeography _

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Physical geography

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focuses on the study of the earth'sphysical features climate, land, water, plants, and animal life. -

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Human geography, or cultural geography,

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is the study of human activities and their relationships to the cultural or physical environments. The people and different cultures - religion, way of life, politics, economics

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Cartography is

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another name for mapmaking

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The four parts of the earth's surface:

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hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere

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hydrosphere

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- The _________ is made up of oceans, lakes, rivers and other bodies of water.

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lithosphere

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- The ___________ is made up of land surfaces including the land beneath the oceans.

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atmosphere

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The _______ is the air we breathe made up of gases extending about 6,000 miles above the planets surface.

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biosphere

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The ________ is the parts of the earth that supports life.

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The four major landforms are

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mountains, hills, plateaus and plains

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The lowest DRY land point is the

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shore of the Dead Sea - 1,349 ft belowsea level

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the deepest known depression lies under the pacific ocean - it is called the _______

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-- Mariana Trench - about 35,827 feet deep.-

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The part of a continent that extends underwater is called a __________ _____

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continentalshelf

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The three layers of the earth are

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the core, the mantle and the crust.

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The theory that continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart is called

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the continental drift theory

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When the tectonic plates spread apart, ,________ or molten rock, is pushed up from the mantle and ridges are formed.

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magma -

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When techonic plates bump together, one may slide under another forming a _________.

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trench

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Mountains

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are formed in areas where the giant continental plates collide

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subduction

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, the heavier sea plate dives beneath the lightercontinental plate.

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Plunging into the earth's interior, the sea plate becomes molten. Then, as magma, it burst through the crust to form _________ _________ .

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volcanic mountains

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In the process called ___________ pieces of the earth's crustcome together slowly as the sea plate slides under the continental plate. Thiscauses underwater mountains. -

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accretion

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Sea plates can also pull apart in a process known as ___________. This causes underwater mountain ridges which push landforms away from one another.

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spreading

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Moving plates sometimes squeeze the earth's surface until itbuckles. This forms ______. -

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folds

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Plate may also grind or slide past each other, creating crack in the earth's crust called ______.

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faults

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_________ are mountains formed by lava or by magma thatbreaks through the earth's crust.

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Volcanoes

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Underwater earthquakes will sometimes disturb the water currents sogreatly that they cause a ______________

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Tsunami

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Sudden violent movements of the plates along a fault line are known as _________.

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earthquakes

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At various hot spots, molten rock may also heat undergroundwater causing __________ ______________

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hot springs or geysers. - .

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__________ is the process that breaks down rocks on the earth's surface into smaller pieces

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Weathering

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________ is the wearing away of the earth's surface by wind, glaciers,and moving water

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Erosion

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the water cycle

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The total amount of water on the earth doesn't change but the water is constantly moving--from the oceans to air to ground to oceans again etc.

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Name the four oceans - -

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Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic.

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Which ocean is the largest? It covers an area larger than all the land masses combined.

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Pacific ocean

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desalination

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is turning ocean water into fresh water by removing the salt.

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- of the earth's surface is fresh water.

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Only about 3 percent

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________ is freshwater that lays just below the earth'ssurface. -

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Groundwater

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An _________ is an underground porous rock layer often saturated with water in the form of streams

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aquifer

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________ is the condition of the atmosphere in one placeduring a limited period of time.

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Weather

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__________is the term for the weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time.

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Climate

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Temperature-

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measure of how hot or cold a place is.

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Earth makes one __________ every 365 days (trip around the sun)

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revolution

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Earth makes a complete ________ every 24 hours.

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rotation

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Around March 21 the suns rays fall directly on the equator.This is called the _________ which means equal night.

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equinox

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Tropic of Cancer-

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the northernmost point on earth to receive the rays of the sun

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What is thegreenhouse effect.

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Earth's atmosphere is like the glass in a greenhouse trapping the sun's warmth for growing plants even in cold weather.

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Global winds blow in fairly constant patterns called _______ winds. They blow clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and Counterclockwise in the southern.

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prevailing

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The prevailing winds in the low latitudes are called _________ winds.

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trade winds.

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___________are the prevailing winds in the mid-latitudes.

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Westerlies

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_________ _________blow diagonally east to west in the high latitudes

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Polar Easterlies

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At the equator there is a generally windless band known asthe _____________.

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doldrums

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The __________ Effect causes them to also move in a clockwiseand counterclockwise direction.

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Coriolis

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____________ is a periodic change in the pattern of ocean currents and water temps in the mid pacific region. This can influence weather in the entire world.

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El - Nino

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The five major climate regions are:

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dry, tropical, mid-latitude, high latitude, and highlands.

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- the plant life that grows in an area.

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Natural vegetation