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69 Cards in this Set
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buddhism
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a religion that originated in India around 500 BC and spread to China; it grew into a major religion
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Islam
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monotheistic religion based on the teachings og Muhammed; major religion in North Africa
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Taoism
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philosophy based on the book Tao Te Ching and the teachings of Lao-Tzu, who lived in China in the 6th century BC; believed in preserving harmony in the individual, with nature, and universal, and no government interference
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Confucianism
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movement based on the teachings of Confucious (500BC); stressed the importance of education in an ordered society, respect owed to elders, and obeying the government
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Judaism
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oldest of the southwest religions, concentrated in Israel( established around 3200 years ago); oldest monotheistic religion, long tradition of faith, culture
holy book=Torah holy city=Jerusalem |
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Hiduism
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dominant religion in India
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Pillars of Islam
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prayer (5x a day), faith (only one god, Allah), charity (taking care of poor), pilgrimage (to holy city of Mecca), and fasting (during month of Ramadan, from sunrise to sunset)
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Population density
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the average number of people who live in a measurable area, found by dividing the number of people by the amount of land occupied
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urbanization
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the dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result
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Push Pull factors
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factors that cause people to leave their homes (push) and factors that attract people to a region (pull)
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Immigrant
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a person who leaves their home country and settles permanently in a new country
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migration
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the movemnt of peoples within a country of region
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rate of natural increase
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"population growth rate"-the rate at which population is growing, foound by subtracting mortality rate from birthrate
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birthrate
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the number of live births per total population, often expressed per thousand population
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mortality rate
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the number of deaths per thousand
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population pyramid
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a graphic device that shows gender and age distribution of a population
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continental drift theory
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the theory that all continents were once joined into a supercontinent that split apart over millions of years
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debt-for-nature-swap
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a debt-reducing deal wherein an organization agrees to pay off a certain amount of government debt in return for government protection of a certain portion of rain forest
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gross national product
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the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a period of time
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gross domestic product
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(GDP) the value of only goods and services produced within a country in a period of time
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command economy
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type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production (planned economy)
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per capita income
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the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit
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recession
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an extened period of decline in general business activity
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5 themes of geography
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location (where is it?), place (what is it like?), region (how are places similar or different?), movement (people/ideas etc move from one location to another), human environment interaction ( people relate to physical world)
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deforestation
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the cutting down and clearing away of tress and forests
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longitude lines
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a set of imaginary lines that go around the earth over the poles, dividing it east and west. the Prime meridian is labeled 0 degree line
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latitude lines
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a set of imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator, amd that are used in locating places north or south. equator = 0 degree line
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Equator
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the imaginary line that encircles the globe, dividing the earth into northern and southern halves
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political map
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shows features on the earth's surface that humans created (ie cities, states, provinces, territories, countries)
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physical map
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helps you see types opf landforms and bodies of water found in a specific area (colors/shading indicates elevation)
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shape, size, location
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shape: the shape of a country or region
size: the area of a country or region location: longitude and latitude of an area |
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artificial boundary
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a fixed line generally following latitude or longitude lines
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natural boundary
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based on physical features of the land (ie rivers, lakes, mountains)
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absolute location
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the exact place on earth where a geographic feature is found
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relative location
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describes a place in relation to other places around it
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animism
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belief in divine forces in nature (traditional)
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polytheism
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belief in many gods
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theocracy
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form of government in which religious leaders control government, relying on relgious law and consultation with religious scholars
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dictatorship
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type of government in which an individual or a group holds complete political power
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democracy
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type of government in which citizens hold political power either directly or through elected representatives
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monarchy
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type of government in which a ruling family headed by a king or a queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizens
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communism
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system in which the government holds nearly all political power and the means of production
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pandemic
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a disease affecting a large population over a wide geographic area
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Apartheid
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a policy of complete seperation of the races, instituted by the white minority government of South Africa
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AIDS
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), destroys immune system
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Berlin Conference
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a conference of 14 European nations held in 1884-1885 in Berlin, Germany, to establish rules for political control of Africa
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Chernobyl
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site of a nuclear power plant near Kiev, in Ukraine, where there was a catashropic accident in 1986
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ethnic group
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a group of people who share language, customs, and a common heritage
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stateless nation
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a nation of people that does not have a territory to legally occupy ie Palestinians, Kurds, and Basques
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Nation-state
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the name of a territory when a nation and a state occupy the same territory
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dialect
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a version of a language that reflects changes due to class, region, or cultural changes
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economy
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the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people
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economic system
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the way people produce and exchange goods
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polygamy
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condition or practice allowing a person to have more than one spouse
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caste system
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the Aryan system of social classes in India and one of the cornerstones of Hinduism in which each person is born into a caste and can only move into a different caste through reincarnation
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acculturation
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the cultural change that occurs when individuals in a society accept or adopt an innovation
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one child policy
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in china, where families are encouraged to have only one child to reduce population growth. governments offer certain rewards for having only one child such as paying for education, healthcare, etc.
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Rai
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a kind of popular Algerian music developed in the 1920s by poor urban children that is fast-paced with danceable rhythms; was sometimes used as a form of rebellion to expose political unhappiness
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Yurts
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a tent of central Asia's nomads
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Anti-Semitism
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discrimination against the Jewish
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sweatshop
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a workplace where people work long hours for low pay under poor conditions to enrich manufacturers
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Nelson Mandela
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one of the leaders of the African National Congress who led a struggle to end apartheid and was elected president in 1994 in the first all-race election in South Africa
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Ghandi
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great Indian leader who started a nonviolence movement to grant India its freedom from Britain
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Dalai Lama
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the traditional government rule and highest priest (of Buddhism) of Tibet and Mongolia
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Mao Zedong
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the leader of the Communists in China who defeated the Nationalists in 1949; died in 1976
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Yasser Arafat
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leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1929-2004); Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 after signing Oslo peace agreement loved by palestinians, hated by israelis
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Kashmir
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a region of northern India and Pakistan over which several destructive wars have been fought
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Tibet
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upland area in south west China that was conquered by the Mongols then by the Chinese, found between Himalayan and Kunlun Mountains
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Chechnya
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one of the republics that remains a part of russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union despite independence movements and violent upheaval
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