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300 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Heavy Industry
Europe's large deposits of coal and iron ore sparked the growth of _____.
Immigrant
In the last century, large _____ communities have settled in the United Kingdom.
Refugees
_____ are people who flee to another country for safety.
Germanic
Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes have a shared _____ heritage, related languages, and similar ways of life.
UK
The _____ is the most densely populated country in northern Europe.
Population
Scandinavia has lower _____ densities.
British Isles
The _____ _____ include the United Kingdom and Ireland.
UK
The _____ includes England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
Migration
Internal and external _____ shaped the northern Europe.
London
Northern Europe's largest and oldest urban area is _____.
Sweden
Stockholm, _____, has about 1.7 million people.
Socialist
_____ countries offer complete social welfare and health-care programs to their citizens.
Romanticism
In the late 1700s, _____ focused on emotions, historical events, and the struggles of individuals.
Guest Workers
Foreigners who work on a temporary basis in a country other than the ones in which they are citizens are called _____ _____.
Germany
_____ is the most populous country in Europe.
Netherlands, Belgium
The _____ and _____ have the highest levels of population density due to their small land areas and major urbanization.
Suburbanization
_____ is the process in which people move from large cities to nearby suburbs.
Realism
_____ is an artistic movement that focused on accurately depicting the details of everyday life.
Western Europe
_____ has an aging population with declining birthrates and death rates
Italian
The people of Italy are mostly _____.
Greece
The language and culture of _____dates back at least 3,500 years, and includes the seafaring Minoans and Mycenaeans.
Coastline
Portugal's long _____ has made it accessible throughout history, resulting in a homogenous mix of early European ethnic groups.
Italy
_____ is southern Europe's most populated country.
Vatican City
_____, located within the city of Rome, is home to the Roman Catholic Church and is the world's smallest independent state.
Heavy Industry
_____ is the manufacturing of machinery and industrial equipment.
Rome
_____, Italy's capital, was once the center of the Roman Empire.
Athens
_____, the capital of Greece, was the center of a classical civilization.
Roman Catholic
The majority of the population of Italy, Spain, and Portugal is _____(religion).
Greek Orthodox
Most people in Greece belong to the _____ Church.
Architectural
Ancient Greeks and Romans developed many basic _____ elements.
Geographic
Population density and distribution in eastern Europe is influence by _____ factors.
Urban
Most of the population of Eastern Europe lives in _____ areas.
Light Industry
Countries without industrial raw materials specialize in _____.
Service
Most workers in western Europe work in _____ industries.
Mixed Farming
_____ is the practice of raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm.
Light Industry
_____ is the manufacturing of products such as high-end electronics and specialty tools.
Farm Cooperatives
_____ are organizations in which farmers share in growing and selling products to help reduce costs and increase profits.
Genetically Modified Foods
_____ are foods with genes altered to make them grow bigger or faster or be more resistant to pests.
Organic Farming
_____ is using natural substances instead of chemicals to increase crop yields.
European Union
In 1992 the Maastricht Treaty set up the _____.
EU
The _____ aimed to make Europe's economies competitive by eliminating restrictions on the movement of goods, services, and people across its members borders.
Command
Since the fall of communism in 1989, eastern European countries have been moving from _____ economies to market economies.
Chernozem
_____ is a rich black soil that supports farming in Russia.
Soukhozes
_____ were large farms that were run more like factories, and farm workers received wages.
Kolkhozes
_____ were small farms worked by peasants who shared in some of the farm's production and profits.
Tundra
A vast, treeless plain called a _____ covers much of Russia's far northern landscape.
One-fifth
About _____ of the world's forest lands are located in Russia, most in Siberia.
Privatization
After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the Russian president encouraged _____, or a change to private ownership.
100
Although more than _____ languages are spoken in Russia today, Russian is the country's official language.
Ethnic Group
An _____ _____ shares a common ancestry, language, religion, set of customs, or a combination of these things.
Permafrost
Because of _____ little farming occurs in the north and east.
10%
Because of Russia's cold climate, only about _____ of the land is usable for agriculture.
Command Economy
During the Soviet era, Russia operated under a _____, in which central authority makes all major economic decisions.
Lake Baikal
Located in southern Siberia, _____ is the world's deepest freshwater lake.
Black Earth Belt
Millions of acres of fertile farmland, called the _____ stretch from Ukraine to southwestern Siberia.
Harsh
Most of Russia has a _____ climate with long, cold winters and short, cool summers.
Arctic
Most of the rivers in Siberia, such as the Ob', Irtysh, Yenisey, and Lena, flow north to the _____ Ocean.
Mid Latitude
Most Russians live in Russia's _____ _____ climates.
Central Siberian Plateau
Mountains on the southeastern edge of the _____ _____ _____ form the boundary between Russia and China.
Continentality
Much of Russia's interior lands are far from any oceans and experience extreme variations in temperature and little precipitation through an effect known as _____.
16%
Russia has _____ of the world's coal reserves.
Oil
Russia has the greatest reserves of _____ resources in the world.
Coastline
Russia has the longest continuous _____ in the world.
Arctic
Russia produces herring, cod, and halibut from the _____ Ocean.
Pacific
Russia produces salmon from the _____ Ocean.
Ethnic
Russia today is home to one of the widest varieties of _____ groups in the world.
Supertrawlers
Russia's ______ -floating fish factories- are largely to balme for fish populations shrinking worldwide.
Crude Oil
Russia's petroleum industry continues to be one of the world's leaders in _____ production.
USSR
Since the breakup of the _____ in 1991, more ethnic Russians have returned to their homeland and most have settled in Moscow, St. Petersburg , and southwestern Russia.
High Altitude
Some of the world's coldest temperatures occur in Russia's _____ climate region.
Urals
The _____ divide European Russia from Asian Russia.
Soviet ERA
The _____ in Russia was between 1922 and 1991.
West Siberian Plateau
The _____ is one of the world's largest areas of flatland and lest east of the Ural Mountains.
Caspian Sea
The _____ is the world's largest inland body of water and is actually a saltwater lake.
Amur
The _____ River forms the border between Russia and China.
Volga
The _____ River is vital to Russia.
Amur River
The _____ _____ valley is warmer than the rest of Siberia and is its main food-producing area.
Black Sea
The _____ _____ in southwestern Russia provides a warm water outlet to the Mediterranean Sea.
Chernozem
The fertile _____ soil makes these grasslands ideal for growing crops such as wheat, sunflowers, and sugar.
Elbrus
The highest point in Russia is _____.
Moscow
The major industrial city and capitol of Russia is _____.
Arctic, Pacific
The Russian coast touches both the _____ and _____ Oceans.
Intelligentsia
The Soviet _____ were the intellectual elite.
Atheism
The Soviet government actively promoted _____, or the belief that there is no God or other supreme being.
Socialist Realism
The Soviet government limited individual artistic expression and believed that it was the artists' duty to glorify the government's achievements in their works, an approach known as _____ _____.
Market Economy
To fix the nation's economy, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev began to move toward a _____ _____, which has privately owned business.
Consumer Goods
While under the Soviet government unemployment was almost non-existent, wages were low, and some people could not afford _____, or goods people needed for everyday life.
Black Market
With enough money, many hard-to-find goods could be bought on the _____ _____, an illegal trade in scarce goods.
Tectonic Plates
Colliding _____ _____ in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia have formed mountains, shifted landmasses, and caused earthquakes.
Mountain Ranges
_____ _____ in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia include the Atlas, the Hejaz and Asir ranges, the Pontic and Taurus, and the Caucasus.
Mediterranean
The _____ Sea separates Africa and Europe.
Red
The _____ Sea and the Gulf of Aden separate the Arabian Peninsula from Africa.
Persian Gulf
East of the Arabian Peninsula is the _____.
Arabian
The _____ Sea borders the Arabian Peninsula on the south.
Mediterranean
The _____ Sea lies at the north of the Anatolian Peninsula.
Black
The _____ Sea lies at the south of the Anatolian Peninsula.
Dead
The _____ Sea forms part of the Israeli-Jordanian border.
Caspian
In Central Asia, the _____ Sea is the largest inland body of water on Earth.
Nile
Egypt's _____ River is the world's longest river.
Nile Delta
The _____ _____ and the land along the river's banks gave birth to one of the world's earliest civilizations.
90
Today, _____ percent of Egypt's population lives in the Nile Delta or along the river on 3% of Egypt's land.
Alluvial Soil
_____ is rich soil made up of sand and mud deposited by moving water.
Aswan High
The _____ _____ Dam provides water for agriculture and hydroelectric power for the country.
Mesopotamia
Early civilizations thrived in an area called _____ (the "land between two rivers") between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers, which flow mostly through Iraq.
Wadis
_____ are stream beds that remain dry until a heavy rain fills them with so much sediment that they become mud flows, or moving masses of wet soil.
70
_____ percent of the world's known oil reserves lie beneath the region.
Sahara
The _____, the largest desert in the world, covers most of North Africa and has been expanded by droughts in recent decades.
Ergs
The desert has only a few _____, or sandy, dune-covered areas.
Regs
_____ are stony plains covered with desert pavement.
Hamadas
_____ are flat sandstone plateaus.
Oasis
In the desert, farming is possible in an ____, a place in the desert where underground water surfaces.
Berbers
Indigenous North Africans are called _____, found mostly in the Atlas Mountains and in the Sahara.
Nomads
_____ are a group of people who move from place to place depending on the season and the availability of food.
Bedouin
Nomadic _____ are Arabic-speaking people who migrated to North Africa from Southwest Asia.
Arabic
The region's main language is _____, which non-Arab Muslims learned in order to read Islam's holy book.
Quran
Islam's holy book is the _____.
Jewish
_____ people speak Hebrew, and if they are religious, practice Judaism.
Euphrates
Lack of water, small land areas, and significant populations have created some of the highest population densities in Southwest Asia, especially along the coastal plains and in the _____ River Valley.
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Three major religions began in the eastern Mediterranean-_____,_____, and _____.
Monotheism
_____ is the belief in one god.
Israel
Jews originated in the ancient kingdom of _____ along the eastern Mediterranean coast.
Hebrew Bible
Jews recorded their history and examined it for meaning in the _____ _____, or Torah.
Jesus
Christianity is based on the life and teachings of _____.
Muhammad
Islamic tradition states that in A.D. 610 revelations from Allah came to a merchant called _____ in Makkah.
Ottoman
The _____ Turks once ruled much of the eastern Mediterranean world.
Iran
_____ was once known as Persia.
Kurds
_____ live in the mountainous border areas of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran.
the Arabian Peninsula
Most people in _____ _____ _____ live along the coasts.
Oil
The discovery of _____ in the 1900s led to increased wealth and modernization in many Arab countries.
Afghanistan
_____ is home to many ethnic groups because of centuries of migrations and invasions by outsiders.
Unevenly
Central Asia's population is spread _____ across mountainous terrain.
Arable
Only a small part of the region's land is _____, yet a large part of the population works in agriculture.
Mediterranean
Citrus fruits, cereal crops, grapes, olives, and dates are grown in _____ climates.
Moroccan
_____ vessels bring in Atlantic sardines and mackerel.
Israel
______ raises freshwater fish in artificial ponds.
Persian Gulf
Fish are harvested in the _____ _____.
Petroleum
_____ products are the main export commodities of the region.
Islamic
After the _____ revolution in 1979 Iran restricted tourists from non-Muslim counties.
South Asia
The seven countries that make up _____ are separated from the rest of Asia by mountains.
Subcontinent
A _____ is a large distinct landmass that is joined to a continent.
Mount Everest
_____ is the world's highest peak and part of the Himalaya.
Himalayan Mountains
In the northernmost part of the region, the ____ meet the Karakoram Mountains.
Vindhya Mountains
The _____ _____, in central India, separates India into northern and southern regions.
Sri Lanka
The island country of _____ broke away from the original Indian landmass.
Maldives
_____ is a chain of tiny coral atolls and volcanic outcroppings.
River Systems
Three major _____ _____ fan out across the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and carry fertile soil from mountain slopes onto their floodplains.
Ganges
The _____ River flows east from the Himalaya.
Ganges
The _____ River is South Asia's most important river.
Alluvial Plain
An _____ _____ is an area of fertile soil deposited by river flood waters.
Brahmaputra
The _____ River flows east from the Himalaya, then west through India and into Bangladesh.
Indus
The ____ River flows mainly through Pakistan and empties into the Arabian Sea.
Indus
The ____ River Valley is the site of one of the world's earliest civilizations.
Hydroelectric
Countries in the region have worked together to build dams that provide _____ power.
Sri Lanka
_____'s major mineral resources include graphite and precious and semi-precious stones.
Natural Gas
_____ fields are in southern Pakistan, India's Ganges Delta, and in Bangladesh.
15
More than _____ percent of the world's population, more than 1.1 billion people, live in India.
7
India's average population density is _____ times the world's average.
Megalopolis
_____ is a chain of closely linked metropolitan areas.
Reincarnation
Hindus believe in _____, or rebirth as another living being until overcoming personal weaknesses and earthly desires.
Karma
In the Hindu law of _____, good deeds move one toward this point.
Buddhism
In _____, the Buddha taught that people suffer because they are too attached to material things.
Hindi
____ is the most widely spoken language, but India has 18 official languages and hundreds of dialects.
Bangladesh
_____ is the most densely populated country in South Asia, with 2,596 people per square mile.
Dhaka
_____ is the third most populated city in the world.
Bangla
_____ is the main language in Bangladesh.
Urdu
Only 8 percent of people in Pakistan speak its official language of _____.
Sherpas
The _____ of Nepal are known for their mountaineering skills.
Bhote
The _____ Bhote people, descended from the Tibetan people, are the majority in Bhutan.
Maldives
The island country of the _____ includes people and cultures from India, Sri Lanka, East Africa, and Arab countries.
Sri Lanka
_____ has two main ethnic groups: the Buddhist Sinhalese and the minority Hindu Tamils.
Mantras
In Bhutan and Nepal, monks chant _____, or repetitive prayers.
Stupas
The artistic spirit of the region is illustrated by the Buddhist _____, or domed shrines.
Agriculture
____ is South Asia's most common occupation.
Water
The availability of ____ is a constant concern.
Jute
______, a fiber used to make string, rope, and cloth, is a cash crop of Bangladesh.
Rice
_____ is the major food crop of South Asia.
Biomass
When enough petroleum is not available, people burn _____, plant materials and animal dung, for energy.
Interdependent
South Asian countries are struggling to become more _____, or reliant on one another, but political disputes have affected economic ties between the countries.
Han
About 92 percent of China's 1.3 billion people belong to the _____, named after an ancient ruling family.
Aborigines
Taiwan's original inhabitants, the _____, are related to peoples in Southeast Asia and the Pacific area.
Mongolians
The people of Mongolia are mostly ethnic _____.
Khalkha Mongolian
Mongolians are separated into separate linguistic groups, but about 90% speak the _____ language.
One-sixth
More than 90% of Chinese live on only _____ of the land, mostly in fertile valleys and plains of China's three great rivers.
Farms
Most Chinese still live and work on _____, but millions of people continue to migrate to high-growth urban areas.
Population
The strain from China's growing population has caused the government to enact policies to limit _____ growth.
Han Chinese
_____ _____ is the most widely spoken language in China.
Mandarin
_____ is China's official language.
Ideograms
Chinese languages use _____, pictures or symbols that stand for ideas.
Atheist
Because the government discourages religion, many people identify themselves as _____ or non-religious.
Lowland
Most of Japan's population and urban areas are in the small _____ areas on seacoasts, and in valleys and plains.
Homogenous
The population is ethnically _____, a population belong to the same ethnic group.
Population Density
Japan's average _____ _____ is about 875 people per square mile.
Tokyo
_____ is the world's most populous urban area.
Hokkaido
Japan's northernmost large island, _____, remains rural with few people.
Characters
Japan's first writing system was based off of Chinese _____.
Haiku
The Japanese developed _____, a form of poetry.
Northern China
Koreans trace their origins to early peoples from _____ _____ and central Asia.
Population Density
North Korea has a much lower _____ _____ than South Korea.
60, 80
North Korea's population is about _____ percent urban and South Korea's is _____ percent.
North Korea
Many people fled from _____ in the mid-1900s to escape communism.
Double
South Korea's population is _____ that of North Korea, which has a much lower standard of living.
Korean War
After the _____ _____, different choices North and South Korea made have impacted their culture today.
South Korea
Education opportunities have grown in _____ since World War II.
North Korea
_____ education serves to teach communist ideology.
Korean
The language of North and South Korea is _____.
Market, Command
Economies include _____ systems in Japan and South Korea, and a _____ system in North Korea and China.
Agricultural
Most East Asian countries have shifted from ____ to industrial economies.
Communes
China's Great Leap Forward campaign organized farmers into huge _____, or large farming communities, to disastrous results.
Grazing
Most of Mongolia is used for _____ and is moving towards privatization of farmland.
South Korea
_____ is experiencing a farm labor shortage on its small family farms due to urbanization.
Import
With limited farmland, both Japan and Taiwan must _____ food.
Japan
_____ depends on trade with other countries for its economic well-being.
Trade Surplus
These high taxes, combined with demand for Japanese products abroad, mean Japan exports more than it imports, creating a _____ _____.
Dissidents
The US opposes China's treatment of _____, or citizens who speak out against government policies.
Economic Sanctions
To influence China to change its policies, several countries have placed _____ _____, or trade restrictions, on China.
Tectonic Plates
Millions of years ago, the collision of the Indo-Australian, Philippine, and Eurasian _____ formed the landmasses of Southeast Asia.
Cordilleras
Parallel mountain ranges and plateaus are called _____.
Archipelagos
Volcanoes and earthquakes created a series of _____, or groups of islands, in the South Pacific.
Australia
Southeast Asia stretches from mainland Asia almost to _____.
Indochina Peninsula
About half of the region's counties lie on the _____ _____.
Malaysia
_____ is both a mainland and an island country.
Insular
The _____, or island, countries of Southeast Asia include Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines.
Indonesia
_____ is Southeast Asia's largest island country.
7000
More than _____ islands make up the Philippines, 900 of which are settled.
Volcanoes
About 327 ______ stretch across Indonesia.
Petroleum
Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei, and Indonesia have rich _____ reserves.
Coal
Vietnam and the Philippines mine _____.
Flora
The _____, or plants, include the Rafflesia arnoldii, the world's largest flower.
Fauna
The _____, or animals, include elephants, rhinoceroses, tigers, and orangutans.
China, Tibet
About 2,500 years ago, migrants from _____ and _____ arrived in the region.
Laos
_____ has the lowest population density.
Vietnam
_____ has the highest population density.
Fertile River Valleys
Population in the region is generally concentrated in _____ or on coastal plains.
Primate City
In some countries, a single city called a _____ attracts more people than any other.
Bangkok
_____ in Thailand is an example of a single city that attracts more people than any other.
Religions
Nearly all of the world's major _____ are represented in the region.
Buddhism
_____ is the predominant religion.
Two
Island Southeast Asia extends across _____ oceans and numerous seas.
Malays
The _____ settled the Malay Peninsula and the islands that today form Indonesia.
India
In the A.D. 100s, merchants from _____ introduced Hindu and Buddhist traditions
Chinese
_____ traders and soldiers influenced the area.
European
During the 1400s and 1500s, _____ traders also influenced Southeast Asia
Coastal Plains
People live mostly on _____ _____ where there is a ready supply of food, transportation, and jobs.
Singapore
______, the region's smallest country, has the greatest population density in the region.
Indonesia
______ has the region's largest number of ethnic and linguistic groups.
Islam
_____ is widespread in island Southeast Asia
Islamic
Indonesia is the largest _____ country in the world.
Puppet Plays
_____ _____ are popular in many parts of Southeast Asia.
Fertile River Valleys
Southeast Asia's _____ are a major source of livelihood for its people.
Rice
Farmers use more than half of the region's arable land to grow _____.
Rice Paddies
Seasonal flooding of rivers in parts of the region irrigates _____ _____.
Singapore
_____'s location makes it a major port, world trade center, and manufacturing center.
Free-trade
It has established _____ zones that attract foreign businesses.
Malaysia
_____ manufactures many goods, such as steel, automobiles, and microchips.
Interdependent
Recently, Southeast Asian countries have become more _____, or reliant on one another.
Asian Development Bank
The _____ provides international loans to aid the region's economies.
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
The _____ was formed to promote regional development, trade, and greater economic stability.
Australia
______ is unique because it is a continent and a country.
Southern
Australia is in the _____ Hemisphere, and it has several landforms.
Great Dividing Plain
The _____ stretches along Australia's eastern coast from Cape York Peninsula to the island of Tasmania.
Rivers
Most of Australia's _____ begin in the mountains.
Western Plateau
The _____ covers almost two-thirds of Australia.
Outback
The Western Plateau is located in central and western Australia; Few people live in this "_____."
Great Gibson
_____ is not one of the three deserts that covers much of the Western Plateau.
Nullarbor Plain
The _____ is dry and treeless.
Central Lowlands
The _____ _____ separate the Great Dividing Range and the Outback.
Great Artesian Basin
Dry most of the year, pressurized underground water lies underneath these lowlands in the _____.
Great Barrier Reef
A famous World Heritage Site, the _____, lies along Australia's northeastern coast.
Coral
_____ is the limestone skeletons of tiny sea animals.
Islands
Oceania is made up of thousands of _____.
Pacific Ocean
Oceania stretches for millions of square miles in the _____ _____.
Ring of Fire
The islands of Oceania are part of the _____ ______ ______.
Atolls
_____ are formed by the buildup of coral reefs on the edge of underwater volcanoes.
Lagoons
_____ are shallow pools of clear water.
Low
_____ islands rise only a few feet above sea level.
Continental
_____ islands were formed by the rising and folding of ancient rock from the ocean floor.
Continental
Most of Oceania's large islands are _____ islands.
North
_____ Island has beaches, ancient forests, and rich soil that supports citrus orchards.
North
_____ Island has a wide central plateau with active volcanoes and freshwater lakes.
South
The Southern Alps run along _____ Island's western edge.
South
The _____ Island has lakes and rivers.
South
The western coast of the _____ Island has cliffs with narrow inlets and caves.
New Zealand
About half of _____'s land supports crops and livestock.
Geothermal
_____ power is generated by the water heated underground by volcanoes.
Maori
The _____, New Zealand's indigenous peoples, came from the islands of Polynesia, and maintain ancient traditions that are still important today.
British
People of _____ descent began colonizing the region in the 1500s and make up most of today's population.
Coast
Most people in both Australia and New Zealand live along the _____ in cities or towns.
World War II
Rapid expansion of industry after _____ drew many immigrants to Australia.
English
_____ is the major language of Australia and New Zealand.
Strine
_____, includes Aboriginal words, terms used by early settler, and slang created by modern Australians.
Christianity
Europeans brought _____ to the region of Australia and New Zealand, which is not the most widely practiced religion.
Australians
_____ is not one of the three major indigenous groups.
Melanesia
_____ is an island cluster in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Micronesia
_____ is an island cluster in the western Pacific east of the Philippines.
Polynesia
_____ is an island cluster located in the central Pacific.
1200
_____ of the world's 3,000 languages are spoken in Oceania.
Christianity
_____ is the most widely practiced religion in Oceania today.
Wool
Australia is the world's leading producer of _____.
Stations
Some Australian ranches, called _____, are as large as 6,000 square miles.
Copra
_____, or dried coconut meat, is a major South Pacific cash crop.