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300 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heavy Industry
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Europe's large deposits of coal and iron ore sparked the growth of _____.
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Immigrant
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In the last century, large _____ communities have settled in the United Kingdom.
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Refugees
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_____ are people who flee to another country for safety.
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Germanic
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Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes have a shared _____ heritage, related languages, and similar ways of life.
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UK
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The _____ is the most densely populated country in northern Europe.
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Population
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Scandinavia has lower _____ densities.
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British Isles
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The _____ _____ include the United Kingdom and Ireland.
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UK
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The _____ includes England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
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Migration
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Internal and external _____ shaped the northern Europe.
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London
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Northern Europe's largest and oldest urban area is _____.
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Sweden
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Stockholm, _____, has about 1.7 million people.
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Socialist
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_____ countries offer complete social welfare and health-care programs to their citizens.
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Romanticism
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In the late 1700s, _____ focused on emotions, historical events, and the struggles of individuals.
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Guest Workers
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Foreigners who work on a temporary basis in a country other than the ones in which they are citizens are called _____ _____.
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Germany
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_____ is the most populous country in Europe.
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Netherlands, Belgium
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The _____ and _____ have the highest levels of population density due to their small land areas and major urbanization.
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Suburbanization
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_____ is the process in which people move from large cities to nearby suburbs.
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Realism
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_____ is an artistic movement that focused on accurately depicting the details of everyday life.
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Western Europe
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_____ has an aging population with declining birthrates and death rates
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Italian
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The people of Italy are mostly _____.
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Greece
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The language and culture of _____dates back at least 3,500 years, and includes the seafaring Minoans and Mycenaeans.
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Coastline
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Portugal's long _____ has made it accessible throughout history, resulting in a homogenous mix of early European ethnic groups.
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Italy
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_____ is southern Europe's most populated country.
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Vatican City
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_____, located within the city of Rome, is home to the Roman Catholic Church and is the world's smallest independent state.
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Heavy Industry
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_____ is the manufacturing of machinery and industrial equipment.
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Rome
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_____, Italy's capital, was once the center of the Roman Empire.
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Athens
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_____, the capital of Greece, was the center of a classical civilization.
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Roman Catholic
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The majority of the population of Italy, Spain, and Portugal is _____(religion).
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Greek Orthodox
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Most people in Greece belong to the _____ Church.
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Architectural
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Ancient Greeks and Romans developed many basic _____ elements.
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Geographic
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Population density and distribution in eastern Europe is influence by _____ factors.
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Urban
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Most of the population of Eastern Europe lives in _____ areas.
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Light Industry
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Countries without industrial raw materials specialize in _____.
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Service
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Most workers in western Europe work in _____ industries.
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Mixed Farming
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_____ is the practice of raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm.
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Light Industry
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_____ is the manufacturing of products such as high-end electronics and specialty tools.
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Farm Cooperatives
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_____ are organizations in which farmers share in growing and selling products to help reduce costs and increase profits.
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Genetically Modified Foods
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_____ are foods with genes altered to make them grow bigger or faster or be more resistant to pests.
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Organic Farming
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_____ is using natural substances instead of chemicals to increase crop yields.
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European Union
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In 1992 the Maastricht Treaty set up the _____.
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EU
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The _____ aimed to make Europe's economies competitive by eliminating restrictions on the movement of goods, services, and people across its members borders.
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Command
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Since the fall of communism in 1989, eastern European countries have been moving from _____ economies to market economies.
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Chernozem
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_____ is a rich black soil that supports farming in Russia.
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Soukhozes
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_____ were large farms that were run more like factories, and farm workers received wages.
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Kolkhozes
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_____ were small farms worked by peasants who shared in some of the farm's production and profits.
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Tundra
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A vast, treeless plain called a _____ covers much of Russia's far northern landscape.
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One-fifth
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About _____ of the world's forest lands are located in Russia, most in Siberia.
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Privatization
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After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the Russian president encouraged _____, or a change to private ownership.
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100
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Although more than _____ languages are spoken in Russia today, Russian is the country's official language.
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Ethnic Group
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An _____ _____ shares a common ancestry, language, religion, set of customs, or a combination of these things.
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Permafrost
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Because of _____ little farming occurs in the north and east.
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10%
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Because of Russia's cold climate, only about _____ of the land is usable for agriculture.
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Command Economy
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During the Soviet era, Russia operated under a _____, in which central authority makes all major economic decisions.
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Lake Baikal
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Located in southern Siberia, _____ is the world's deepest freshwater lake.
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Black Earth Belt
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Millions of acres of fertile farmland, called the _____ stretch from Ukraine to southwestern Siberia.
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Harsh
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Most of Russia has a _____ climate with long, cold winters and short, cool summers.
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Arctic
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Most of the rivers in Siberia, such as the Ob', Irtysh, Yenisey, and Lena, flow north to the _____ Ocean.
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Mid Latitude
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Most Russians live in Russia's _____ _____ climates.
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Central Siberian Plateau
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Mountains on the southeastern edge of the _____ _____ _____ form the boundary between Russia and China.
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Continentality
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Much of Russia's interior lands are far from any oceans and experience extreme variations in temperature and little precipitation through an effect known as _____.
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16%
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Russia has _____ of the world's coal reserves.
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Oil
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Russia has the greatest reserves of _____ resources in the world.
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Coastline
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Russia has the longest continuous _____ in the world.
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Arctic
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Russia produces herring, cod, and halibut from the _____ Ocean.
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Pacific
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Russia produces salmon from the _____ Ocean.
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Ethnic
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Russia today is home to one of the widest varieties of _____ groups in the world.
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Supertrawlers
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Russia's ______ -floating fish factories- are largely to balme for fish populations shrinking worldwide.
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Crude Oil
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Russia's petroleum industry continues to be one of the world's leaders in _____ production.
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USSR
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Since the breakup of the _____ in 1991, more ethnic Russians have returned to their homeland and most have settled in Moscow, St. Petersburg , and southwestern Russia.
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High Altitude
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Some of the world's coldest temperatures occur in Russia's _____ climate region.
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Urals
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The _____ divide European Russia from Asian Russia.
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Soviet ERA
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The _____ in Russia was between 1922 and 1991.
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West Siberian Plateau
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The _____ is one of the world's largest areas of flatland and lest east of the Ural Mountains.
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Caspian Sea
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The _____ is the world's largest inland body of water and is actually a saltwater lake.
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Amur
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The _____ River forms the border between Russia and China.
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Volga
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The _____ River is vital to Russia.
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Amur River
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The _____ _____ valley is warmer than the rest of Siberia and is its main food-producing area.
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Black Sea
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The _____ _____ in southwestern Russia provides a warm water outlet to the Mediterranean Sea.
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Chernozem
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The fertile _____ soil makes these grasslands ideal for growing crops such as wheat, sunflowers, and sugar.
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Elbrus
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The highest point in Russia is _____.
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Moscow
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The major industrial city and capitol of Russia is _____.
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Arctic, Pacific
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The Russian coast touches both the _____ and _____ Oceans.
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Intelligentsia
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The Soviet _____ were the intellectual elite.
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Atheism
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The Soviet government actively promoted _____, or the belief that there is no God or other supreme being.
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Socialist Realism
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The Soviet government limited individual artistic expression and believed that it was the artists' duty to glorify the government's achievements in their works, an approach known as _____ _____.
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Market Economy
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To fix the nation's economy, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev began to move toward a _____ _____, which has privately owned business.
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Consumer Goods
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While under the Soviet government unemployment was almost non-existent, wages were low, and some people could not afford _____, or goods people needed for everyday life.
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Black Market
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With enough money, many hard-to-find goods could be bought on the _____ _____, an illegal trade in scarce goods.
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Tectonic Plates
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Colliding _____ _____ in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia have formed mountains, shifted landmasses, and caused earthquakes.
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Mountain Ranges
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_____ _____ in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia include the Atlas, the Hejaz and Asir ranges, the Pontic and Taurus, and the Caucasus.
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Mediterranean
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The _____ Sea separates Africa and Europe.
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Red
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The _____ Sea and the Gulf of Aden separate the Arabian Peninsula from Africa.
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Persian Gulf
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East of the Arabian Peninsula is the _____.
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Arabian
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The _____ Sea borders the Arabian Peninsula on the south.
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Mediterranean
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The _____ Sea lies at the north of the Anatolian Peninsula.
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Black
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The _____ Sea lies at the south of the Anatolian Peninsula.
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Dead
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The _____ Sea forms part of the Israeli-Jordanian border.
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Caspian
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In Central Asia, the _____ Sea is the largest inland body of water on Earth.
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Nile
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Egypt's _____ River is the world's longest river.
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Nile Delta
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The _____ _____ and the land along the river's banks gave birth to one of the world's earliest civilizations.
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90
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Today, _____ percent of Egypt's population lives in the Nile Delta or along the river on 3% of Egypt's land.
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Alluvial Soil
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_____ is rich soil made up of sand and mud deposited by moving water.
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Aswan High
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The _____ _____ Dam provides water for agriculture and hydroelectric power for the country.
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Mesopotamia
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Early civilizations thrived in an area called _____ (the "land between two rivers") between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers, which flow mostly through Iraq.
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Wadis
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_____ are stream beds that remain dry until a heavy rain fills them with so much sediment that they become mud flows, or moving masses of wet soil.
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70
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_____ percent of the world's known oil reserves lie beneath the region.
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Sahara
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The _____, the largest desert in the world, covers most of North Africa and has been expanded by droughts in recent decades.
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Ergs
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The desert has only a few _____, or sandy, dune-covered areas.
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Regs
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_____ are stony plains covered with desert pavement.
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Hamadas
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_____ are flat sandstone plateaus.
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Oasis
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In the desert, farming is possible in an ____, a place in the desert where underground water surfaces.
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Berbers
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Indigenous North Africans are called _____, found mostly in the Atlas Mountains and in the Sahara.
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Nomads
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_____ are a group of people who move from place to place depending on the season and the availability of food.
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Bedouin
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Nomadic _____ are Arabic-speaking people who migrated to North Africa from Southwest Asia.
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Arabic
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The region's main language is _____, which non-Arab Muslims learned in order to read Islam's holy book.
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Quran
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Islam's holy book is the _____.
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Jewish
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_____ people speak Hebrew, and if they are religious, practice Judaism.
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Euphrates
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Lack of water, small land areas, and significant populations have created some of the highest population densities in Southwest Asia, especially along the coastal plains and in the _____ River Valley.
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Judaism, Christianity, Islam
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Three major religions began in the eastern Mediterranean-_____,_____, and _____.
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Monotheism
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_____ is the belief in one god.
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Israel
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Jews originated in the ancient kingdom of _____ along the eastern Mediterranean coast.
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Hebrew Bible
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Jews recorded their history and examined it for meaning in the _____ _____, or Torah.
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Jesus
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Christianity is based on the life and teachings of _____.
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Muhammad
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Islamic tradition states that in A.D. 610 revelations from Allah came to a merchant called _____ in Makkah.
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Ottoman
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The _____ Turks once ruled much of the eastern Mediterranean world.
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Iran
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_____ was once known as Persia.
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Kurds
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_____ live in the mountainous border areas of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran.
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the Arabian Peninsula
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Most people in _____ _____ _____ live along the coasts.
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Oil
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The discovery of _____ in the 1900s led to increased wealth and modernization in many Arab countries.
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Afghanistan
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_____ is home to many ethnic groups because of centuries of migrations and invasions by outsiders.
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Unevenly
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Central Asia's population is spread _____ across mountainous terrain.
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Arable
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Only a small part of the region's land is _____, yet a large part of the population works in agriculture.
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Mediterranean
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Citrus fruits, cereal crops, grapes, olives, and dates are grown in _____ climates.
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Moroccan
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_____ vessels bring in Atlantic sardines and mackerel.
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Israel
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______ raises freshwater fish in artificial ponds.
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Persian Gulf
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Fish are harvested in the _____ _____.
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Petroleum
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_____ products are the main export commodities of the region.
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Islamic
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After the _____ revolution in 1979 Iran restricted tourists from non-Muslim counties.
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South Asia
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The seven countries that make up _____ are separated from the rest of Asia by mountains.
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Subcontinent
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A _____ is a large distinct landmass that is joined to a continent.
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Mount Everest
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_____ is the world's highest peak and part of the Himalaya.
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Himalayan Mountains
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In the northernmost part of the region, the ____ meet the Karakoram Mountains.
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Vindhya Mountains
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The _____ _____, in central India, separates India into northern and southern regions.
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Sri Lanka
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The island country of _____ broke away from the original Indian landmass.
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Maldives
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_____ is a chain of tiny coral atolls and volcanic outcroppings.
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River Systems
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Three major _____ _____ fan out across the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and carry fertile soil from mountain slopes onto their floodplains.
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Ganges
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The _____ River flows east from the Himalaya.
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Ganges
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The _____ River is South Asia's most important river.
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Alluvial Plain
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An _____ _____ is an area of fertile soil deposited by river flood waters.
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Brahmaputra
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The _____ River flows east from the Himalaya, then west through India and into Bangladesh.
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Indus
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The ____ River flows mainly through Pakistan and empties into the Arabian Sea.
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Indus
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The ____ River Valley is the site of one of the world's earliest civilizations.
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Hydroelectric
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Countries in the region have worked together to build dams that provide _____ power.
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Sri Lanka
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_____'s major mineral resources include graphite and precious and semi-precious stones.
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Natural Gas
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_____ fields are in southern Pakistan, India's Ganges Delta, and in Bangladesh.
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15
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More than _____ percent of the world's population, more than 1.1 billion people, live in India.
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7
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India's average population density is _____ times the world's average.
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Megalopolis
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_____ is a chain of closely linked metropolitan areas.
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Reincarnation
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Hindus believe in _____, or rebirth as another living being until overcoming personal weaknesses and earthly desires.
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Karma
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In the Hindu law of _____, good deeds move one toward this point.
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Buddhism
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In _____, the Buddha taught that people suffer because they are too attached to material things.
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Hindi
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____ is the most widely spoken language, but India has 18 official languages and hundreds of dialects.
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Bangladesh
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_____ is the most densely populated country in South Asia, with 2,596 people per square mile.
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Dhaka
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_____ is the third most populated city in the world.
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Bangla
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_____ is the main language in Bangladesh.
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Urdu
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Only 8 percent of people in Pakistan speak its official language of _____.
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Sherpas
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The _____ of Nepal are known for their mountaineering skills.
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Bhote
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The _____ Bhote people, descended from the Tibetan people, are the majority in Bhutan.
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Maldives
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The island country of the _____ includes people and cultures from India, Sri Lanka, East Africa, and Arab countries.
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Sri Lanka
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_____ has two main ethnic groups: the Buddhist Sinhalese and the minority Hindu Tamils.
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Mantras
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In Bhutan and Nepal, monks chant _____, or repetitive prayers.
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Stupas
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The artistic spirit of the region is illustrated by the Buddhist _____, or domed shrines.
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Agriculture
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____ is South Asia's most common occupation.
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Water
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The availability of ____ is a constant concern.
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Jute
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______, a fiber used to make string, rope, and cloth, is a cash crop of Bangladesh.
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Rice
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_____ is the major food crop of South Asia.
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Biomass
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When enough petroleum is not available, people burn _____, plant materials and animal dung, for energy.
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Interdependent
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South Asian countries are struggling to become more _____, or reliant on one another, but political disputes have affected economic ties between the countries.
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Han
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About 92 percent of China's 1.3 billion people belong to the _____, named after an ancient ruling family.
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Aborigines
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Taiwan's original inhabitants, the _____, are related to peoples in Southeast Asia and the Pacific area.
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Mongolians
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The people of Mongolia are mostly ethnic _____.
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Khalkha Mongolian
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Mongolians are separated into separate linguistic groups, but about 90% speak the _____ language.
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One-sixth
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More than 90% of Chinese live on only _____ of the land, mostly in fertile valleys and plains of China's three great rivers.
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Farms
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Most Chinese still live and work on _____, but millions of people continue to migrate to high-growth urban areas.
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Population
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The strain from China's growing population has caused the government to enact policies to limit _____ growth.
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Han Chinese
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_____ _____ is the most widely spoken language in China.
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Mandarin
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_____ is China's official language.
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Ideograms
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Chinese languages use _____, pictures or symbols that stand for ideas.
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Atheist
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Because the government discourages religion, many people identify themselves as _____ or non-religious.
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Lowland
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Most of Japan's population and urban areas are in the small _____ areas on seacoasts, and in valleys and plains.
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Homogenous
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The population is ethnically _____, a population belong to the same ethnic group.
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Population Density
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Japan's average _____ _____ is about 875 people per square mile.
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Tokyo
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_____ is the world's most populous urban area.
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Hokkaido
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Japan's northernmost large island, _____, remains rural with few people.
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Characters
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Japan's first writing system was based off of Chinese _____.
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Haiku
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The Japanese developed _____, a form of poetry.
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Northern China
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Koreans trace their origins to early peoples from _____ _____ and central Asia.
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Population Density
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North Korea has a much lower _____ _____ than South Korea.
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60, 80
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North Korea's population is about _____ percent urban and South Korea's is _____ percent.
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North Korea
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Many people fled from _____ in the mid-1900s to escape communism.
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Double
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South Korea's population is _____ that of North Korea, which has a much lower standard of living.
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Korean War
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After the _____ _____, different choices North and South Korea made have impacted their culture today.
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South Korea
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Education opportunities have grown in _____ since World War II.
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North Korea
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_____ education serves to teach communist ideology.
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Korean
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The language of North and South Korea is _____.
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Market, Command
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Economies include _____ systems in Japan and South Korea, and a _____ system in North Korea and China.
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Agricultural
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Most East Asian countries have shifted from ____ to industrial economies.
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Communes
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China's Great Leap Forward campaign organized farmers into huge _____, or large farming communities, to disastrous results.
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Grazing
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Most of Mongolia is used for _____ and is moving towards privatization of farmland.
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South Korea
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_____ is experiencing a farm labor shortage on its small family farms due to urbanization.
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Import
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With limited farmland, both Japan and Taiwan must _____ food.
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Japan
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_____ depends on trade with other countries for its economic well-being.
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Trade Surplus
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These high taxes, combined with demand for Japanese products abroad, mean Japan exports more than it imports, creating a _____ _____.
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Dissidents
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The US opposes China's treatment of _____, or citizens who speak out against government policies.
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Economic Sanctions
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To influence China to change its policies, several countries have placed _____ _____, or trade restrictions, on China.
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Tectonic Plates
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Millions of years ago, the collision of the Indo-Australian, Philippine, and Eurasian _____ formed the landmasses of Southeast Asia.
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Cordilleras
|
Parallel mountain ranges and plateaus are called _____.
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Archipelagos
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Volcanoes and earthquakes created a series of _____, or groups of islands, in the South Pacific.
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Australia
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Southeast Asia stretches from mainland Asia almost to _____.
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Indochina Peninsula
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About half of the region's counties lie on the _____ _____.
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Malaysia
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_____ is both a mainland and an island country.
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Insular
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The _____, or island, countries of Southeast Asia include Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines.
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Indonesia
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_____ is Southeast Asia's largest island country.
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7000
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More than _____ islands make up the Philippines, 900 of which are settled.
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Volcanoes
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About 327 ______ stretch across Indonesia.
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Petroleum
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Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei, and Indonesia have rich _____ reserves.
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Coal
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Vietnam and the Philippines mine _____.
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Flora
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The _____, or plants, include the Rafflesia arnoldii, the world's largest flower.
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Fauna
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The _____, or animals, include elephants, rhinoceroses, tigers, and orangutans.
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China, Tibet
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About 2,500 years ago, migrants from _____ and _____ arrived in the region.
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Laos
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_____ has the lowest population density.
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Vietnam
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_____ has the highest population density.
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Fertile River Valleys
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Population in the region is generally concentrated in _____ or on coastal plains.
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Primate City
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In some countries, a single city called a _____ attracts more people than any other.
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Bangkok
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_____ in Thailand is an example of a single city that attracts more people than any other.
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Religions
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Nearly all of the world's major _____ are represented in the region.
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Buddhism
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_____ is the predominant religion.
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Two
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Island Southeast Asia extends across _____ oceans and numerous seas.
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Malays
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The _____ settled the Malay Peninsula and the islands that today form Indonesia.
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India
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In the A.D. 100s, merchants from _____ introduced Hindu and Buddhist traditions
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Chinese
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_____ traders and soldiers influenced the area.
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European
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During the 1400s and 1500s, _____ traders also influenced Southeast Asia
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Coastal Plains
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People live mostly on _____ _____ where there is a ready supply of food, transportation, and jobs.
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Singapore
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______, the region's smallest country, has the greatest population density in the region.
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Indonesia
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______ has the region's largest number of ethnic and linguistic groups.
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Islam
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_____ is widespread in island Southeast Asia
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Islamic
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Indonesia is the largest _____ country in the world.
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Puppet Plays
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_____ _____ are popular in many parts of Southeast Asia.
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Fertile River Valleys
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Southeast Asia's _____ are a major source of livelihood for its people.
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Rice
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Farmers use more than half of the region's arable land to grow _____.
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Rice Paddies
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Seasonal flooding of rivers in parts of the region irrigates _____ _____.
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Singapore
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_____'s location makes it a major port, world trade center, and manufacturing center.
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Free-trade
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It has established _____ zones that attract foreign businesses.
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Malaysia
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_____ manufactures many goods, such as steel, automobiles, and microchips.
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Interdependent
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Recently, Southeast Asian countries have become more _____, or reliant on one another.
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Asian Development Bank
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The _____ provides international loans to aid the region's economies.
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|
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
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The _____ was formed to promote regional development, trade, and greater economic stability.
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|
Australia
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______ is unique because it is a continent and a country.
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Southern
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Australia is in the _____ Hemisphere, and it has several landforms.
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Great Dividing Plain
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The _____ stretches along Australia's eastern coast from Cape York Peninsula to the island of Tasmania.
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Rivers
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Most of Australia's _____ begin in the mountains.
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|
Western Plateau
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The _____ covers almost two-thirds of Australia.
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Outback
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The Western Plateau is located in central and western Australia; Few people live in this "_____."
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Great Gibson
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_____ is not one of the three deserts that covers much of the Western Plateau.
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Nullarbor Plain
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The _____ is dry and treeless.
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Central Lowlands
|
The _____ _____ separate the Great Dividing Range and the Outback.
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|
Great Artesian Basin
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Dry most of the year, pressurized underground water lies underneath these lowlands in the _____.
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|
Great Barrier Reef
|
A famous World Heritage Site, the _____, lies along Australia's northeastern coast.
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|
Coral
|
_____ is the limestone skeletons of tiny sea animals.
|
|
Islands
|
Oceania is made up of thousands of _____.
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|
Pacific Ocean
|
Oceania stretches for millions of square miles in the _____ _____.
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|
Ring of Fire
|
The islands of Oceania are part of the _____ ______ ______.
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|
Atolls
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_____ are formed by the buildup of coral reefs on the edge of underwater volcanoes.
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Lagoons
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_____ are shallow pools of clear water.
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Low
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_____ islands rise only a few feet above sea level.
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|
Continental
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_____ islands were formed by the rising and folding of ancient rock from the ocean floor.
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Continental
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Most of Oceania's large islands are _____ islands.
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|
North
|
_____ Island has beaches, ancient forests, and rich soil that supports citrus orchards.
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North
|
_____ Island has a wide central plateau with active volcanoes and freshwater lakes.
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South
|
The Southern Alps run along _____ Island's western edge.
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South
|
The _____ Island has lakes and rivers.
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|
South
|
The western coast of the _____ Island has cliffs with narrow inlets and caves.
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|
New Zealand
|
About half of _____'s land supports crops and livestock.
|
|
Geothermal
|
_____ power is generated by the water heated underground by volcanoes.
|
|
Maori
|
The _____, New Zealand's indigenous peoples, came from the islands of Polynesia, and maintain ancient traditions that are still important today.
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|
British
|
People of _____ descent began colonizing the region in the 1500s and make up most of today's population.
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|
Coast
|
Most people in both Australia and New Zealand live along the _____ in cities or towns.
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|
World War II
|
Rapid expansion of industry after _____ drew many immigrants to Australia.
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|
English
|
_____ is the major language of Australia and New Zealand.
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|
Strine
|
_____, includes Aboriginal words, terms used by early settler, and slang created by modern Australians.
|
|
Christianity
|
Europeans brought _____ to the region of Australia and New Zealand, which is not the most widely practiced religion.
|
|
Australians
|
_____ is not one of the three major indigenous groups.
|
|
Melanesia
|
_____ is an island cluster in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
|
|
Micronesia
|
_____ is an island cluster in the western Pacific east of the Philippines.
|
|
Polynesia
|
_____ is an island cluster located in the central Pacific.
|
|
1200
|
_____ of the world's 3,000 languages are spoken in Oceania.
|
|
Christianity
|
_____ is the most widely practiced religion in Oceania today.
|
|
Wool
|
Australia is the world's leading producer of _____.
|
|
Stations
|
Some Australian ranches, called _____, are as large as 6,000 square miles.
|
|
Copra
|
_____, or dried coconut meat, is a major South Pacific cash crop.
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