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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
evolutionism |
is the idea that cultural change occurs from within the culture itself as when a group invents a new word or tool or finds ways to adapt to changes in its surroundings
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diffusionism |
by contrast emphasizes how various aspects of cultures such as words or tools spread out from their places of origin and are adopted by other peoples |
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cultural diffusion |
the process of spreading |
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acculturation |
the process of adopting some aspect of another culture |
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hunter gatherers |
humankind that derived its food from thins that people hunted or harvested naturally |
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pastoral nomad-ism
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domesticated animals and moved |
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historical materialism |
the arc of human history as a sequence o stages |
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environmental determinism |
the simplistic belief that human cultures or behaviors can be explained entirely as the result of he effects of the physical environment |
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cultural ecology |
the study of the ways societies adapt to environment by contract |
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possibilism |
insists that the physical environment itself will neither suggest nor determine what people will attempt but it may limit what people can profitably achieve
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artifacts |
objects used by a culture |
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folk culture |
a culture that preserves traditions |
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heritage sites |
seek to preserve and commemorate dead or dying folk cultures and often become major tourist attractions |
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popular culture |
is the culture of people who embrace innovation and conform to changing norms |
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identity |
one meaning refers to a persons individual identity, or the characteristic of a social group you belong to |
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spatial identitiies |
how certain identities attach to particular places or regions |
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subculture |
a group that shares a smaller bundle of attributes with a larger more diverse society |
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ethnic group |
used to describe a cultural or sub cultural group |
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ethnonationalism |
is the claim that a particular culture group has special political rights over other groups |
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ethnic enclaves |
urban and increasingly suburban neighborhoods with a high concentration of a particular ethnic group |
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ehtnocentrism |
the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards and practices of ones own and usually to judge them unfavorably |
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races |
biological characteristics to divide hmanking |
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racism |
the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another |
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gender roles |
duties and behaviors associated with being a man or a woman |
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sexuality |
sexual orientation and behavior |
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behavioral geography |
is a sub field of cultural geography that studies our perception of the world around us and of how our perception influences our behavior |
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mental maps |
pictures in our heads |
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cognitive behaviorailsm |
people react to their environment as they perceive it |
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proxemics |
the cross cultural study of the use of space |
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territoriality |
claim of space and defend it |
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culture region or are |
continuous presence of one or a set of cultural traits |
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culture core are |
regions based on popular culture like baseball fans |
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culture domain |
the rest of the area would be called this |
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culture realm |
in which there is some support for the red sox but it is less than for other teams |
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inertia |
for the force that keeps things stable |
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infrastructure |
fixed assets in place like towns houses roads utilities and more |
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historical geography |
sub field within geography that studies the geography of the past and how geographic distributions have changed |
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historical consicousness |
knowing your ancestors and what they went through |
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cultural imperialsim |
which is the substitution or subordination of one set of cultural traditions by another either by force or by degrading those who fail to acculturate and rewarding those who do |
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time space compression |
meaning as connections among far away places become faster the friction of distance between them lessens |
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mass media |
books recorded music and movies |
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electronic networks |
internet, which conveys info almost instantly across the globe for exmple |
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cyberspce |
the extension of reality through global electronic means of communication |
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digital diveide |
no new technology for poor people |
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localization |
larger content providers are doing more to translate their content into other languages |
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cultural preservation |
is the effort to document re-popularize and rejuvenate traditional cultures
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hybridity |
the idea that cultures can be combined |
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commodification |
risks ruining traditional practices and objects with great significance into superficial products to be consumed by people with little understand of their meaning |