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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who helped start communism in China?
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Mao Zedong
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What are spheres of influence?
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Areas of China in which the U.S. and Europe had some political & economic power but didn't directly govern
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What group in China disliked the foreign power, but were influenced by Western ideas?
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The Nationalist People's Party
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What does abdicate mean?
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Give up the throne
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What group seized power in China in 1911, forcing the emperor out?
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The Nationalists - declared China a republic
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Who are warlords?
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Regional leaders with their own armies
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What type of government did China's first Nationalist president try to set up?
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Democratic
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Who became the 2nd president of the Nationalists?
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Chiang Kai-shek
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The Nationlists split into what 2 types of government ideals?
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Communist & Democratic - Chiang Kai-shek wanted democracy
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What did Chiang Kai shek order be done to the communists?
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He ordered them killed
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What was the Long March?
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A weakened group of Communists of 100,000 walked for 1 year - over 6,000 miles to escape the Nationalists - only 8,000 survived
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Who became the leader of the Communists?
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Mao Zedong
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While the Chinese were fighting amongst themselves, who invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria?
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The Japanese - 1930s
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To what island did Chiang Kai-shek flee?
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Taiwan
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What proclaimation did Mao Zedong make on 10/1/1949?
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He announced the new Communist state called "The People's Republic of China"
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What was the "Great Leap Forward"?
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Collective farms were combined into "People's Communes" - farm production fell - only lasted 2 years
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What was the "Great Cultural Revolution"?
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Goal was to destroy the "4 Olds" - old idealogy, old thought, old habits, old customs - enforced by the Red Guard
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How long did the "Cultural Revolution" last?
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2 Years - big failure - ruined ecomony
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What was the program called "The 4 Modernizations"?
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A program by Deng Xioping to improve - agriculture, industry, science/technology & defense
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What was the "contract responsibility system" for agriculture?
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The gov. rented land, but people decided what to grow, had to sell certain amount to government for certain price
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What is light industry?
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Production of small consumer goods - like clothes etc.
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What are the 4 Special Economic Zones?
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Areas located on China's east coast near Taiwan and Hong Kong - give tax breaks to foreigners to set up business in China
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What are 2 problems of China's economic growth?
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Rapid Urban growth has caused crime and corrput police - decrease in farmers/food production
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What is the "Fifth Modernization"?
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Political freedom - don't have it yet
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What is martial law?
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Law that is administered during periods of strict military control
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What happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989?
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Troops open fired on demonstrators without warning, killing 2,000 who wanted democratic reforms
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What region in China has its major lowlands & has the greatest concentration of its population?
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Northeast Region - capital of Beijing in located here
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What is loess?
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A yellow-brown silt dropped by seasonal dust storms
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Why is the Huang He also called the "Yellow River"?
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Loess ends up in the Huang He and gives it a yellow color
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What river is known as "China's Sorrow"?
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The Huang He - "The Yellow River"
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What is double cropping?
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Growing more than 1 crop a year on the same field
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What Southeast Region river flows east to China's largest part of Shanghai?
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The Yangzi River - aka Ch'ang River
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What is China's largest city?
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Shanghai
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In what region are China's Four Economic Zones?
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Southeast Region
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What desert makes up most of Mongolia?
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The Gobi Desert
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Which country helped Mongolia gain independence from China?
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Russia - the Soviets
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What ancient trade route crossed the Northwest region of China?
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The Silk Road
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What 2 deserts are found in China's Northwest region?
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The Gobi Desert
The Taklamakan Desert |
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What is the main occupatio nof the Northwest region?
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Nomadic herding
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What is the dominant land feature of the Southwest region?
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The Plateau of Tibet
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What is the highest region in the world?
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The Plateau of Tibet
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What is the main religion in the Plateau of Tibet?
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Buddhism
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What is a theocrat?
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Someone who claims to rule by religious or divine authority
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Who is the theocratic leader of Tibet?
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The Dalai Lama
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What is an autonomous region?
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A political unit with limited self-government - Tibet is controlled by China
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What is the most populated country in the world?
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China - 1.2 billion people
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How is China trying to slow population growth?
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A policy of 1 couple = 1 child
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What is the main ethnic group in China?
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The Han - name came from the Han Dynasty
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What are ideograms?
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Pictures or characters that represent things or ideas
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What is the official language of China?
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Mandarin
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What religion did Laozi form?
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Daoism - happiness is to live in harmony with the natural world - must follow the Dao "the Way"
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Who founded the faith/philosophy of Confucianism?
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Confucius
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What is atheism?
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Denies existence of God - religion is a myth to dominate people
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Is China and atheist state?
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Yes - discourages religious practice
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What are the 3 main religions of China?
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Buddhism
Daoism/Taoism Confucianism |
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What is accupuncture?
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The practice of inserting needles at specific points on the body to cure diseases or to ease pain
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What is a buffer?
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A protective zone - Mongolia is a buffer between China & Russia
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What is a provisional government?
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Temporary government
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Is Taiwain recognized as a country by most nations?
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No - seen as part of China
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Which European country forced China to leave them Hong Kong for 99 years?
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The British
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What 2 things have helped Hong Kong to become a world trade leader?
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Its central location on the East Asian sea routes & its natural harbors
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What people sought refuge in Hong Kong after WWII?
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1 Million Chinese & 1 million other Asians fleeing political unrest
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What would Hong Kong become after the lease with Britian ended in 1997?
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A Special Administration Region - meaning it would continue on a s before for the next 50 years
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When did Mongolia switch from Communism to Democracy?
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The early 1990s
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What is the traditional form of work in Mongolia?
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Nomadic herding
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