World Geo Chp 4 And 5

Front 1

the study of Earth's physical structures and processes that have created them

Back 1

geology

Front 2

______ are important to geology

Back 2

landforms

Front 3

plates can ____,_____, and _____

Back 3

move apart (spread),collide, and move laterally

Front 4

nearly all spreading plate boudries are found ______

Back 4

on the ocean floor

Front 5

A plate boundry is called a _____

Back 5

subdunction zone

Front 6

places where rock masses have been compressed into bends {make mountains}

Back 6

folds

Front 7

places where rock masses have broken apart and moved away from eachother

Back 7

faults

Front 8

________ can form at the squeezing of continental plates

Back 8

Volcanoes

Front 9

when plates move laterally past each other _____ develop

Back 9

long fractures

Front 10

_____ are frequent along plate boundaries

Back 10

Earthquakes

Front 11

when rocks break and decay away

Back 11

Weathering

Front 12

____ and ____ processes can cause weathering

Back 12

chemical and physical

Front 13

smaller particles of gravel,sand,and mud

Back 13

sediment

Front 14

movement of surface material from one location to another

Back 14

erosion

Front 15

three things that cause erosion

Back 15

water,wind,and ice

Front 16

most important force of erosion

Back 16

water

Front 17

_____ can cause erosion and begin on hillside

Back 17

rainfall

Front 18

water can cause ____

Back 18

mudslides

Front 19

water carve deep ____

Back 19

canyons

Front 20

tear away tons of beach sand in a few hours and change shorelines

Back 20

waves

Front 21

cause significant erosion by abrasion

Back 21

wind

Front 22

blasts particles of sand against rock

Back 22

abrasion

Front 23

blowing and __ from one place to a next

Back 23

rock

Front 24

thick masses of ice that erode rock and move sediment

Back 24

glaciers

Front 25

as these giant domes of ice sag with the pull of gravity, the edges are moved outward

Back 25

ice sheets

Front 26

slide slowly down hill and carve U-shaped valleys and sharp mountain peeks

Back 26

mountain glaciers

Front 27

removal of salt in ocean water

Back 27

denselization

Front 28

movement of water through the hydrosphere

Back 28

The Hydrological Cycle

Front 29

first and smallest streams from runnoff

Back 29

headwaters

Front 30

any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream and river

Back 30

tributary

Front 31

whole region drained by a river and its tributaries

Back 31

watershed or drainage basin

Front 32

provide fish , fresh water, and recreation oppurtunities

Back 32

lakes

Front 33

forms where a river meets an inlet or small arm of the sea , semi-enclosed body of water where fresh water and sea water mix

Back 33

estuaries

Front 34

landscape covered with water for part of the year

Back 34

wetlands

Front 35

water found below the ground

Back 35

groundwater

Front 36

if the same crop is planted year after year, a field may suffer nutrient loss leads to this..

Back 36

soil exaustion

Front 37

planting different crops in altering years. gives a field time to replace naturally the nutrients used by each different crop

Back 37

crop rotation

Front 38

water is artificially applied to land but salt salinization can occur from it

Back 38

irrigation

Front 39

salt build up in the soil

Back 39

salt salinization

Front 40

protect against erosion,provide habits,yield useful products,provide food,medicines,oils,and rubbers

Back 40

forests

Front 41

destruction or lost of forests

Back 41

deforestation

Front 42

replanting trees, protecting them by law

Back 42

reforestation

Front 43

chemicals in air pollution form a mild acid when they combine with water vapor

Back 43

Acid rain

Front 44

_____ can damage the ozone layer and allow more solar radiation to hit the earth and cause cancer

Back 44

Pollution

Front 45

need it to survive, but pollution threatens the air supply

Back 45

Air

Front 46

maintaining this supply is difficult for some cities

Back 46

water

Front 47

use dams,canals,and resivors to ...

Back 47

control water

Front 48

artificial channels for transporting water

Back 48

aqueducts

Front 49

people use wells to reach groundwater and drielled to _____

Back 49

aquifers

Front 50

where groundwater is plentiful

Back 50

aquifers

Front 51

water depositied a long time ago and not being replenished

Back 51

Fossil water

Front 52

solid substances that come out of the ground

Back 52

minerals

Front 53

come from mines that contain ore

Back 53

minerals

Front 54

mineral-bearing rock

Back 54

ore

Front 55

source is uranium which is radioactive and provides energy. creates waste materials that remains dangerous but does not pollute the air

Back 55

nuclear power

Front 56

used for heat, electricity, and for early steam engines and steam mills

Back 56

coals

Front 57

used for gasoline diesel and heating fuel, asphalt, and other products

Back 57

petrollium

Front 58

used to generate energy

Back 58

petrollium

Front 59

its production is a major industry

Back 59

petrollium

Front 60

used for home and industrial heating, used to generate electricity

Back 60

natural gas

Front 61

burns more easily that coal and petrolium

Back 61

natural gas

Front 62

electricity produced by moving water it helps dams and makes up 10% of US electricity

Back 62

hydroelectric power

Front 63

used to propel ships, windmills, and wind turbines, but may take thousands of wind turbines to equal the electricity of conventional power

Back 63

Wind

Front 64

heat of Earth's interior these power plants captures energy from volcanoes and hot springs locate near gysers

Back 64

geothermal energy

Front 65

special solar panels can absorb solar energy and convert it to electricity

Back 65

solar energy

Front 66

use maps, graphs, population pyramids, and a spatial perspective to study population patterns and trends

Back 66

studying population

Front 67

the statistical study of human population

Back 67

demography

Front 68

average # of people living in an area, usually exspressed in persons per square mile or square kilometer

Back 68

population density

Front 69

____ of the worlds people live in the Northern Hemisphere

Back 69

90%

Front 70

East and South Asia, Europe, Eastern North America

Back 70

4 areas of the world with great cluster of people

Front 71

number of people in any place is the result of 3 major factors which are birthrate , death rate , and migration

Back 71

population change

Front 72

# of births for every thousand people

Back 72

birthrate

Front 73

total deaths per thousand people

Back 73

death rate

Front 74

the process of moving from one place to live in another

Back 74

migration

Front 75

people who leave a country to live somewhere else

Back 75

emigrants

Front 76

people who move to a country

Back 76

imigrants

Front 77

cause people to leave a location

Back 77

push factor

Front 78

attracts people to a country

Back 78

pull factor

Front 79

people who have been forced to leave and cannot return to their homes

Back 79

refugees

Front 80

todays population

Back 80

over 7 billion

Front 81

includes all features of peoples way of life and learned and passed down from parents to children through teaching, example, and imitation. Features are language, religion, and architecture, clothing, economics, family life, food, government, beliefs, instituations, shared values, and technologies

Back 81

Culture

Front 82

activities and behaviors that people often take part in

Back 82

Culture Traits

Front 83

an area in which people have shared cultural traits

Back 83

Culture regions

Front 84

human population that shares a common culture or ancestry

Back 84

ethnic groups

Front 85

____ can change

Back 85

cultural traits

Front 86

when an individual or group adopts some of the traits of another culture

Back 86

accularation

Front 87

when immigrant groups adopt all of the features of the main culture

Back 87

assimilation

Front 88

new ideas that a culture accepts

Back 88

innovation

Front 89

when an idea or innovation spreads from one person or group to another and is adopted

Back 89

deffusion

Front 90

process in which connections around the world increase and cultures become more alike

Back 90

globalization

Front 91

following long time practices and opposing many modern technologies and ideas

Back 91

traditonalism

Front 92

any moment in which people believe in strictly following certain established principles teachings

Back 92

fundamentalism

Front 93

speakers of any language use a special ______

Back 93

dialect

Front 94

a regional variety of a language

Back 94

dialect

Front 95

focus on one old ethnic group and generally have not spread into other cultures

Back 95

ethnic religions

Front 96

people believe in the presence of spirits and forces of nature

Back 96

animist religions

Front 97

belief in many gods is an essential part of most of these religions, part of traditional religions

Back 97

polytheism

Front 98

seek followers all around the world, hope people appeal to many countries

Back 98

universalizing regions

Front 99

the belief in one God

Back 99

monotheism

Front 100

people who help spread the religions

Back 100

missionaries

Front 101

____ provides a rhythm to daily life and distinctive cultural patterns

Back 101

Religion

Front 102

in Islam people pray 5 times a day and face toward Mecca and their house of worship called ___

Back 102

mosques

Front 103

Muslims are required to make a journey to Mecca, Sudi Arabia at least once in their lifetime and pray 5 times a day

Back 103

The Haji