Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
where is India located?
|
South Asia
|
|
|
What are the three main rivers in India?
|
1. Ganges River
2. Indus River 3. Bramaputru River |
|
|
What is the most important spiritual river of India?
|
the Ganges
|
|
|
subcontinent
|
large landmass that is smaller than a continent
|
|
|
Hindu Kush
|
mountain range between Afghanistan and Pakistan
|
|
|
Indo-Gangetic Plain
|
-contains the three rivers
-densely populated |
|
|
Thar Desert
|
-large part of India
-irrigations projects to reclaim the land |
|
|
Himalayan Mountains
|
-separate south asia from the rest of the continent
-Mount Everest is the tallest mountain peak in the world |
|
|
Deccan Plateu
|
-high, flat land crossed by many rivers, lots of farmers
-occupies over half of India -surrounded on three sides by mountains which separate it from the Indo-Gangetic Plain |
|
|
Khyber Pass
|
only way to get through the Hindu Kush
|
|
|
what are the positive and negative effects of the monsoon cycle?
|
important for farming
-but if it comes late, or brings too much rain, it will mess up the crops |
|
|
what is a rain shadow?
|
mountains block rain, so it is wet on one side and dry on the other
|
|
|
monsoon
|
seasonal wind that dominates the climate of South Asia
|
|
|
What were the aceivements of the Indus River Valley Civilization?
|
-had well planned-out cities
-had farming -had good trade |
|
|
What aspect of Aryan culture affected Indian society
|
social classes
|
|
|
Sanskrit
|
important written language of Hinduism
|
|
|
four noble truths
|
1. suffering is universal
2. cause of suffering is desire 3. the only way to end suffering is to crush desire 4. the way to end desire is to follow the Eightfold Path |
|
|
Eightfold Path
|
guide to acheiving Nirvanna
|
|
|
Dalai Lama
|
spritual leader of Tibet
|
|
|
reincarnation
|
rebirth of a soul
|
|
|
Llasa
|
town where the Dalai Lama lived
|
|
|
brahman
|
highest god in Hinduism
|
|
|
Nirvanna
|
the state of not wanting/no desire
|
|
|
karma
|
good and bad deeds will have effect on you life/future lives
|
|
|
dharma
|
duties of caste
|
|
|
tolerant
|
being okay with other people's religion
|
|
|
sect
|
group under a religion
|
|
|
mandirs
|
temple for Hinduism
|
|
|
Vedas
|
main book of Hinduism
|
|
|
untouchables
|
lowest caste
|
|
|
moksha
|
union with Brahma
|
|
|
monotheism
|
beleif in one god
|
|
|
polytheism
|
beleif in multiple gods
|
|
|
who was Siddhartha Guatama
|
the Buddha
|
|
|
who was brahma?
|
the creator (Hindu god)
|
|
|
who was Vishnu?
|
the preserver (hindu god)
|
|
|
who is Siva?
|
the destroyer (Hindu god)
|
|
|
What makes Hinduism unique as a religion?
|
there is no official founder or formal church
|
|
|
what are the sacred texts of Hinduism?
|
the Vedas and the Upanishads
|
|
|
what makes Buddhism differnt from Hinduism?
|
Buddists don't beleive in gods
|
|
|
dynasty
|
ruling family
|
|
|
irrigation system
|
makin gwater routes from rivers to farms to water crops
|
|
|
Pataliputra
|
capital of Maurya
|
|
|
tolerant
|
being okay with other religions
|
|
|
stupas
|
shrines containing remains of the Buddha
|
|
|
missionary
|
a person who promotes their religion
|
|
|
sultans
|
rulers that governed much of northern and central India
|
|
|
Koran
|
holy book of Islam
|
|
|
Urdu
|
language that is a mix of Hindi and Persion and was written in Arabic script
|
|
|
mosques
|
Muslim place for prayer
|
|
|
dowry
|
price to marry a bride
|
|
|
what is purdah?
|
the seclusion of a married woman
|
|
|
what are untouchables?
|
members of the lowest caste system
|
|
|
what is a headman?
|
men who ruled Indian villages
|
|
|
what is a joint family?
|
when the bride goes to live with her husbands family
|
|
|
shakti
|
spiritual thing that only a woman had, men married to take control of it
|
|
|
veil
|
women wore veils when they were married, part of purdah
|
|
|
sati
|
when a women threw herself on her dead husband's ashes
|
|
|
What are the effects of the caste system?
|
the untouchables live a very horrible life and are mistreated
|
|
|
who was the first ruler of the Mughal empire?
|
Akbar - powerful ruler, extravagant
|
|
|
monopoly
|
control over market or product
|
|
|
textiles
|
cloth
|
|
|
Sepoys
|
Indian warriors
|
|
|
cash crops
|
EIC had India grow cash crops
|
|
|
direct rule
|
make laws and directly enforce them
|
|
|
famine
|
no food!! hunger!
|
|
|
ethnocentrism
|
beleif that your culture is the only right way
|
|
|
Hindi
|
number 1 language in India
|
|
|
natinalism
|
pride for your country
|
|
|
modernize
|
new technologies
|
|
|
who was Vasco de Gama?
|
he discovered a water route to India around Africa
|
|
|
Akbar the Great
|
great ruler of Mughal empire
|
|
|
what did the East India company do?
|
they took over India's economy
|
|
|
who was Robert Clive?
|
he was in charge of the EIC
|
|
|
who was queen Victoria
|
the empress of India
|
|
|
Indian National Congress
|
set up to better the lives of Indian people
|
|
|
Mohandis Gandhi
|
nonviolent leader, helped to get British out of India
|
|
|
what did the Muslim League want?
|
euality for Muslims
|
|
|
who was Mahhamad Ali Jinnah and what did he want?
|
he was the leader of the Muslim League and he wanted a separate state for Muslim people
|
|
|
what is satyagraha?
|
Ghandi's term for civil disobedience "truth force"
|
|
|
what is satyagraha?
|
Gandhi's term for civil disobedience, "truth force"
|
|
|
what is civil disobedience?
|
protesting a law in a non-violent way
|
|
|
Amritsar Massacre
|
a ton of innocent Indian people were shot,
made many people much more aware of the problems with Britain |
|
|
Salt March
|
Gandhi lead a march to protest laws against making salt. they made salt!
|
|
|
Quit India Movement
|
urged Indians to follow a policy of non-cooperation with the British
|
|
|
Hindu-Muslim conflict
|
fighting and Muslims wanted partition
|
|
|
Indian Independence Act of 1947
|
ended british rule in India!!!
|
|
|
General Reginald Dyer
|
the general who ordered open fire at Amritsar Massacre
|
|
|
Muhhamad Ali Jinnah
|
leader of the Muslim League
|
|
|
Jawaharlal Nehru
|
first prime minister of India
|
|
|
democratic republic
|
people elect representatives, but they cannot pass laws without consent from people
|
|
|
Council of State
|
upper house of Indian parliament
|
|
|
House of the people
|
lower house of Indian parliament, hold more power and is elected by the people
|
|
|
coalition
|
when several parties join to rule
|
|
|
Indira Gandhi
|
second prime minister who tried to modernize India
|
|
|
what were four dividing forces in India?
|
1. caste system
2. cultural diffusion 3. Sikh separatism 4. Hindu-Muslim conflict |
|
|
what were four unifying forces in India?
|
1. democratic traditions
2. Hindu traditions 3. modern communications 4. strong leadership |
|
|
what was India's economic status after gaining independence and Nahru's economic policies?
|
they were in bad economy, so they set up a mixed economy and had industries in steel, mining, transportation, and energy
|
|
|
what were the reason's for India's economic decline in the 1970s?
|
the world prices in oil went up, and India has to import most of it's oil resources
|
|
|
What were the reasons for the economic boom in India in the 1990s?
|
India built on of the leading computer software industries, which created lots and lots of jobs
|
|
|
What are the effects of land reform?
|
the government wanted to make farmland equal, but it didn't work because wealthy farmers wanted to keep their land, and people without a lot of money couldn't pay for new land anyway
|
|
|
What were the sucesses of the Green Revolution?
|
new rice and wheat varieties made raising the crops easier
|
|
|
What is life like today in Indian villages?
|
a lot of villages still don't have electricity and runningn water. dirt paths. but many places are getting tvs and movies and some cars
|
|
|
what are ways in which health care in India has improved?
|
health clinics are bringing better health care to rural areas. baby mortality rates have gone down
|
|
|
What are effects of the caste system?
|
people of different castes live in different areas.
higher castes can afford better schools and acheive better occupations. untouchables have to sit in different parts of the classroom at school |
|
|
what are some improvements that were made in education?
|
80% of school aged children go to school.
50% of India is literate |
|
|
What are changes in marriages in India?
|
-most people marry at later ages
-couples can meet before getting married and reject or accept the arrangement - |
|
|
What is the role and treatment of women in the current Indian society?
|
-have the right vote, own property, and get a divorce
-widows can remarry -some women hold government jobs -but in villages most women are still modest and silent |
