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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Orthodox
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greek orthodox
byzantium cause schism |
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Catholicism
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roman catholic
west cause schism |
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Seljuk Turks
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reason to call crusade
-took antioch+edessa (1085) -attacking byzantium -rivals of abbasids who moved capital to baghdad |
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Propaganda
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?
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Tribal Clans
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-in mecca and medina
-fought eachother -caused mess in cities -muhammed caused them to come together |
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Aceticism
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self denial-> enlightenment
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Khadija
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muhammeds wife
rich widow prosperous life-> travel knows other customs |
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Abu Talib
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muh. uncle-raises as child
role model of muh. |
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Abu Bakr
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muh. best friend
1st rightly guided caliph |
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Angel Gabrial
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-came to muh. in cave
-told him to write down quaran -muh. preaches quaran |
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Schism
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-1054
-split between west+east -greek orthodox/ roman catholic |
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Caliphs
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-successor-after muhammeds death
-"right to interperet koran" -4 rightly guided caliphs -632-661-abu bakr, umar, uthman, ali |
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Mecca
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Medina
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Allah
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Buffer
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-person/thing that prevents
people/things from being harmed -east=buffer for west so west can grow |
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5 Pillars
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-Shahada
-Salat -Zakat -Sawn -Hajj |
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Provisions
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Saladin
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Hermit
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Jihad
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Battle Of Tours
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umyyads lose battle in spain
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Sunni
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-split from shia from umayyads
-believe -anyone has right to rule and interpret the quaran |
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Shia
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-split from sunni from umyyads
-believe -only muslims of muh. descendant have right to rule |
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Sufi
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-Monastic order of islam
-turn back to society -mysitcs->meditate, fast, etc |
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Hijrah?
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-medina- trouble between rival clans
-want outsider to restore peace (muh.) -many muslims go to medina -622-mecca wants to kill muh-> goes to cave w/ abu bakr -muh. accepts wish from medina |
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Trade Routes Shift
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-trade routes shift to go through medina
-medina becomes very rich |
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Venetians?
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-help pope on 4th crusade
-want diff. from pope=go to jerusalem -leave w/out pope knowing |
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Pope Urban
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-called 4th crusade
-wanted-eastern church under palpal rule-shift power back to rome-reassert authority over kings |
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Peasant Crusade
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-part of the 4th crusade
-they left right away because they had nothing at home -were anxious to leave |
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Kingdom of Jerusalem
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Shahada
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Testimony Of Faith
--"There is no god but God and Muhammed is his prophet." -makes one a muslim -acknowledges belonging in great creation |
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Salat
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Prayer
--5 times a day towards Mecca -in arabic -same language around world->brotherhood of faith |
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Zakat
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Almsgiving
--acting chairitably -in many places an official tax |
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Sawn
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Fasting
--During daylight hour-month of Ramadan -god is stronger that earthly desires -reminds of weakness of body =compassion for those less fortunate |
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Hajj
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Pilgrimage to Mecca
--once in a life if physic.+finan. possible -rigorous journey (not relaxing holiday) -earn great status when done -wear same clothes-all equal-no status |
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Byzantium
(characteristics) |
-"pot of honey surrounded by swarming wasps"
-greek orthodox- preist can marry, worship to understand->close to god -emperor is ablsolute ruler-centralize -well trained civil service+lots of trade |
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West vs. East (L.T.)
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Spread of Islam
(after muh.) |
-Uthman+Ali went from tripoli to Indus
--died 656, 661 -Umyyads take over-monarch-capital to Damascus |
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Abu Bakr
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-reasserts authority over Arabia
-troups gain experience -controll all of Arabia |
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Umar
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-discipline armies
-conquer syria+egypt |
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Uthman+ Ali
656 661 |
-fight for religious cause, allah was on their side=successful
-bzyzantine+persia=weak-persecute of people that did not support religion-xian -U+A-assimulate conq. into society-did not try to convert. |
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Umyyads
661-750 |
-take over-monarch-capit. to Damascus
-expand into spain+lose battle of tours -greedy- created division with fundamentalists -thought lost tough with religion -sunni-shia split |
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Abbasids
(750-1258) |
-rebel group-overthrow umyyads
-killed all umyyads except prince->spain -move capital to baghdad-strong but rivals spring up-Seljuk Turks-watch out |
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Muslim acheivments/influence on
W. Europe + (L.T.) |
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Just War Theory
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*Honor
-how+why wars are fought -ethically justifying war + form of war *set of mutually agreed rules of combat |
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Just War Theory (L.T.)
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-by fighting cleanly both sides can be sure that the war does not esclate thus reducing probability of war of revenge
-make plausible moral framework for war -4th crusade thinks it it just for them to take back jerusalem |
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Why do peasants/nobles go on crusade?
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-truce for conflicts w/ lords or nobles
-property=protected or sell/mortgage rights to fief -if owed service to lord, crusade counted -recieved food+hospitality+no tolls -excommunicated from sin=to heaven |
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Reason for crusade
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-byzantine=weak=attacks from seljuks
-unite xianity-pope has powerover empe. -power to rome-stop petty wars=redirect to conquer mid. east-authority over kings |
