World Civilization Terms For Greece

Front 1

____, Greek hero of the Trojan War, whose goddess-mother dipped him in the river Styx, making him impervious to harm except on his ____. Independent actions to achieve ___ and his willingness to sacrifice anything for one ____ of eternal glory illustrate the Greek ideal of arête.

Back 1

Achilles, heel, glory, moment)
(Hint: honor)

Hint 1

Became angry at King Agamemnon for failure to give ____, so left fellow Greeks and fought for solely for himself.

Front 2

Menelaus's older brother, led expedition to rescue Helen and ten-year siege began.

Back 2

Agamemnon
(Hint: Mycenae)

Hint 2

King of ____ and married to Clytemnestra.

Front 3

suffering, means to fight

Back 3

Agon

Front 4

heroism and nobility of character

Back 4

Arête

Front 5

Earliest Greek culture developed on the island of ____. When the Minotaur died, so did ____ civilization.

Back 5

Crete, Cretan
(Hint: Minoan, Minos)

Hint 5

Called ____ after the legendary King ___ who ruled here.

Front 6

___ is made by painting on wet plaster, which enhances the depth of the colors.

Back 6

Fresco
(Hint: Minon, dolphin)

Hint 6

In ____ palace several of the frescoes on the palace wall convey the relationship of the Minoans with the sea, such as the ____ fresco.

Front 7

Sister of Clytemnestra, fell in love with Paris and fled with to Troy.

Back 7

Helen

Front 8

Where Troy was located, in modern day Turkey.

Back 8

Hisarlik
(Hint: nine)

Hint 8

Excavated by Heinrich Schliemann, ___ distinct phases or layers of its history.

Front 9

Wrote the Iliad and the Odyessy, doubt about whether there ever was a bard named ____ or whether ____ was the name given to a group of bards or the bard who finally wrote down the epic.

Back 9

Homer

Front 10

A Minotaur, inhabited ___ ____, and each year a virgin from Crete was sacrificed to the beast.

Back 10

The labyrinth

Front 11

Capital of Crete, housed the labyrinth and a palace.

Back 11

Knossus

Front 12

Wife was Helen, fought in the Trojon war.

Back 12

Menelaus

Front 13

____ was earliest Greek culture developed on the island of Crete. Wrote in Linear A and king was Minos

Back 13

Minoans

Front 14

King of Crete, had a palace that housed a labyrinth. Gained control of ___ and made them sacrafice virgin every nine years.

Back 14

Minos, Athens

Front 15

Part-man and part-bull, inhabited the labyrinth, and each year a virgin from Crete was sacrificed to the beast.

Back 15

Minotaur
(Hint: wife)

Hint 15

Supposedly created from Minos's ___ Pasiphea and Minos had it hidden in the labyrinth.

Front 16

Warlike people who dominated the Aegean area, wrote Linear ___. City surrounded by massive walls with mountian for natural defense.

Back 16

Mycenae, B
(Hint: Greek, Troy)

Hint 16

Indo-Europeans, migrated to the ____ mainland, most remembered for the war with ___.

Front 17

One of most prominent Greek Trojan war heros, hero of Homer's Odyssey.

Back 17

Odysseus

Hint 17

Credited with the idea of the Trojan ____.

Front 18

____, son of the Trojan King Priam. He went to Greece and fell in love with Helen. They fled together to ____, Killed by ____ ____.

Back 18

Paris, Troy, Achilles's son

Front 19

King of Troy, murdered by Achilles' son just after he watched his city be destroyed.

Back 19

Priam

Front 20

____, wealthy German businessman, was an avid fan of Homer.

Back 20

Schliemann
(Hint: Iliad)

Hint 20

From the geographic details in the ____, he deduced the whereabouts of Troy as Hisarlik.

Front 21

Catalogues of ships that are historically accurate and names that in fact were names of Trojans. Author is ___.

Back 21

The Iliad, Homer
(Hint: 10)

Hint 21

Recounts the last ___ days of Trojan War, contains repetitious phrases known as formularies.

Front 22

____ tells the story of the Greek hero Odysseus's return home after the Trojan War. His journey took ___ years.

Back 22

The Odyssey, 10

Front 23

____'s young woman was chosen for Minptaur sacrifice; rescued her from the labyrinth and killed the Minotaur.

Back 23

Theseus

Front 24

Greek-speaking colony in Asia Minor, where Paris and Helen fled, later destroyed by Greeks.

Back 24

Troy

Front 25

____ was built on its ruins of VI. Ravaged and burned in about the 13th century, about the time of the legendary fall of Troy. Very likely Homeric Troy.

Back 25

Troy VIIa

Front 26

meaning "sown land," "to harvest"

Back 26

sparte

Front 27

truce that suspended any hostilities between various Greek city-states for up to three months so that all Greeks could freely participate in Olympics

Back 27

ekecheiria

Front 28

equal land allotments divided by Spartan government to support the Spartan military

Back 28

kleros

Front 29

agricultural slaves who were bound to the land

Back 29

helots

Front 30

a secret police that routinely went on random murdering sprees among the helots

Back 30

krypteia

Front 31

free inhabitants of surrounding regions of Sparta, who were obligated to provide military support for Spartans

Back 31

peroicoi

Front 32

Spartan system of military training and education

Back 32

agoge

Front 33

barracks consisting of 15 males

Back 33

pheiditia

Front 34

upper class of soldiers who served as teachers to young boys and lovers

Back 34

eirens

Front 35

five of, checked and limited power of the kings who served for one year and were chosen by acclamation of Assembly, presided at the assembly, formulated issues for voting, military responsibilities

Back 35

ephors

Front 36

Council of 30, included the kings and elders, had to be from a noble family at least 60 years of age, the age at which military service to the state was completed

Back 36

gerousia

Front 37

nine of them, originally governed Athens with specific functions

Back 37

archons

Front 38

council of 500 members reconstructed by Cleisthenes for Athens’ government

Back 38

Boule

Front 39

military commander, one of the nine archons

Back 39

polemarchos

Front 40

Wrote the tradegy Eurmenides & the Persians (about the Battle of Salamis). Playwrite of Ancient Greece.

Back 40

Aeschylus

Hint 40

Starts with A

Front 41

a branch of philosophy that examines the concept of beauty or beautiful things; it is often referred to as the "philosophy of art." "What did the Greeks find beautiful and why?"

Back 41

Aesthetics

Hint 41

Like Appearance

Front 42

"The Philosopher." Student of Plato, believed the theatre was way to purge all unbalanced emotions. Was the first to categorize animals and plants by species and genus. Developed rules for the perfect tragic form in the Poetics. Sought the first principles of being, and his unified view of the cosmos was reflected in his activities in philosophy, logic, politics, biology, and drama, among other things. Defined techne.

Back 42

Aristotle

Front 43

Composed of all the Spartan male citizens (30 yrs +), chose the council members but its exact powers are debated.
OR
Composed of all citizens, elected archons, drove Athenian Gov't.

Back 43

Assembly

Hint 43

a group coming together

Front 44

Theseus's palace became the center of worship for the goddess of vegetation, fruits, birth, and fertility. Her plant was the olive tree. A wooden statue of her fell from the heavens. Made "patroness". Later, the patron goddess of the Mycenaeans, she sent two seprents to engulf Laocoon and his sons.

Back 44

Athena

Hint 44

War-like Goddess

Front 45

"The Birthplace of Democracy". Known for the culture it produced during the fifth-century B.C.E. Golden Age, one of the most profound intellectual and artistic cultures of the ancient world.

Back 45

Athens

Hint 45

City

Front 46

The Greeks defeated the Persians at this Battle in a direct charge across the plain of ---, Miltiades pinned the Persians against the swamps to their backs and led the Greeks to victory. A runner was dispatched to send word of the victory to the Athenians. He ran the 26 miles to Athens, delivered his message, and then died of exhaustion.

Back 46

Battle of Marathon

Hint 46

Modern races of about the same distance are called marathons.

Front 47

The last battle of the Persian Wars. Involved an alliance of Greek city-states Sparta, Athens, Corinth, Megara, and others against the Persians and with it the Persians were repelled from Greece.

Back 47

Battle of Plataea

Hint 47

After the Athenians had defeated the Persians at sea at Salamis.

Front 48

The Athenians fled the city and the navy hid behind some outcrops in the harbor of ---. Persians burned most sacred statue thought to have fallen from heaven. Confident that victory was near, the Persians allowed the Athenians to trick them into entering the small harbor. Once in the harbor, the Athenian ships swooped down on the Persians, who were trapped, and wiped out their navy.

Back 48

Battle of Salamis

Hint 48

Battle of ---

Front 49

The Spartans led a heroic last effort to stop Perisians at ---, whose name derives from the hot springs located here. Here the Persians sought to go through a path to get to Salamis, but were opposed by Thebans and Spartans in the mountains. The Persians suffered many casualties until a traitor gave them a seperate path to take and they came up behind the Spartans. King Leonidas was killed along with the men who chose not to flee - Xerxes mutilated his body, a taboo act which was later regretted.

Back 49

Battle of Thermopylae

Hint 49

Battle of ---

Front 50

Athenian democracy really began in earnest when he took power, he wanted to further diminish the influence of power cliques, so he radically restructured the Council into a boule.

Back 50

Cleisthenes

Hint 50

Starts with a C

Front 51

The --- order is one of the Classical orders of Greek and Roman architecture, characterized by a slender fluted column and an ornate capital decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls

Back 51

Corinthian

Hint 51

One of three types, starts with c

Front 52

the Persians, under this man, conquered the Greek colonies of Ionia.

Back 52

Cyrus the Great

Front 53

Several Greek city-states formed this to protect the Greeks from future foreign invasions. Athens was the leader of this, which was centered on the island of Delos. Sparta refused to join and created one of its own. Later, Sparta's prediction proved right and Athens abused the funds from this league.

Back 53

Delian League

Hint 53

A league

Front 54

Athens was its "birthplace"; literally "rule by the people", from the Greek demos, "people," and kratos, "rule"

Back 54

democracy

Hint 54

type of gov't

Front 55

The Propylaea is considered a masterpiece of design, as it makes use of --- columns along the east and west sides, and a double row of -- columns. The --- order is the earliest form. The -- order column has characteristic paired scrolling volutes.

Back 55

Doric, Ionic

Hint 55

Two types of archieture

Front 56

Type of ruling in Sparta. According to legend the hero Heracles had twin sons, Eurysthenes and Proclus, from whom were descended the Agis family and the Euryphons, who held the two posts.
The kings judged cases concerning public roads, adoption and arranged marriages.

Back 56

dual kingship

Hint 56

Double, two kings

Front 57

Origionally named Alcides. A hero. He and his followers were banished from Mycenae & took possesion for Peloponnesus. Had twin sons.

Back 57

Heracles

Hint 57

Legend of the twelve labors; father is Zeus.

Front 58

"Father of History"; Wrote Histories (not only chronicle the events of the Persian Wars, but also offer many insights into Greek customs and beliefs, as well as human nature.) Felt history was almost a Greek tragedy, whose heroes have "fatal flaws" (hamartia). Painted the Athenians as the great heroes of the war, and the Spartans as self-centered.

Back 58

Herodotus

Front 59

Foot Soldiers. Could form phalanx. Defined as a heavy infantryman that was the central focus of warfare in Ancient Greece. Usually very brutal attack.

Back 59

hoplites

Hint 59

Type of military formation

Front 60

conquered by Cyrus the Great, rebelled against Perisian rule and asked Sparta (refused) then Athens (aided) to help, which led to the Persian invasion of Greece

Back 60

Ionia

Hint 60

Made of Greek colonies, connected to Greek life but away from main influence of Athens.

Front 61

--- had revolted from Athenian control. Then -- also revolted (couldn't let go unchecked); Athenians wiped out every last male inhabitant of -- and enslaved the women and children.

Back 61

Mitylene and Melos

Front 62

rule by a few elite members of society

Back 62

oligarchy

Front 63

Means "the process of educating man into his true form, the real and genuine human nature" or "culture" Carried out by aristocrats.

Back 63

paideia

Front 64

Sparta is on the tip. IS a large peninsula in Southern Greece.

Back 64

Peloponnesus

Front 65

was a conflict between Athens, Sparta, and their respective allies,, as represented by the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues. Pericles's strategy was to gather the citizens of Athens into the Long Walls and to wait out the Spartan siege. The plan failed, and plague broke out within the close confines of the walls, taking Pericles as one of its first victims. Sparta defeated Athens in this war at Hellespont.

Back 65

Peloponnesian war

Front 66

Under the leadership of ---, Athens entered its golden age. Rebuild the Acropolis. Model statesmen; he could be seen from the earliest hours of the morning through the latest hours of the day scurrying from one civic responsibility to another. Athenian citizenship was restricted to native-born landholding males whose parents were also citizens. Died during the Pelo. War due to plague. Delivered a famous speech known as the Funeral Oration. Philosopher King.

Back 66

Pericles

Front 67

Our main account of event from Herodotus. Four main battles. Persians defeated.

Back 67

Persian Wars

Front 68

Lacedaemonian term meaing "love feast", where eating and drinking together would create friends. Public Mess hall.

Back 68

phiditia

Front 69

--- found the meaning of the universe in the eternal, changeless realm of the ideal forms. Was concerned above all else with the form of the Good, which he believed to be the basis for good government. As human souls once lived with the forms before entering bodies, he argued that all knowledge on earth is remembrance of things already known. Recorded teacher's words in the "dialogue"

Back 69

Plato

Hint 69

Student of Socrates.

Front 70

Greek God that struck a rock with a trident, revealing the sea, and one can still see a spring on the Acropolis. Had a contest with Athena over who would be the patron saint of the city.

Back 70

Poseidon

Front 71

Spartan Text with written laws - it was believed to be given to them by the god Pythia.

Back 71

Rhetra

Front 72

Reported to have reminded his fellow Athenians that "the unexamined life was not worth living." His questioning is still an ideal of western education today. Although he left no writings, his student Plato recorded many of his teachings in "Dialogues".

Back 72

Socrates

Front 73

Athenian ruler, put as sole archon - had many reforms; divided Athenian society into four classes based on wealth. Created four tribes.

Back 73

Solon

Front 74

Solon's Reforms:
--- the export of wheat crops
--- olive oil, which created a very prosperous economy.
---citizenship to foreign artisans
--- debts of the hektemoroi (6 parters – farmers gave 6 parts of income to taxes), which benefited the debtors but hurt those who held the debts.
--- land from being used for collateral.
--- those sold into slavery for debts.

Back 74

Forbidding, exporting, offering, abolishing, forbidding, freeing

Front 75

Playwrite who wrote "The Oedipus Cycle"

Back 75

Sophocles

Front 76

Represented mathematical harmony, rational world, certain barometers that could be used to measure, Golden Mean; the seat of government and religious ritual; it was surrounded by the agora (marketplace), the cultural, social, and political heart of the city where such great thinkers as Plato taught, and by a theater.

Back 76

The Acropolis

Front 77

Spartan place for military. Life was rough here, meals taken in common, sleep on straw.

Back 77

The barracks

Front 78

Where Parthenon is located. An ancient Greek temple (for Athena and Poseidon).

Back 78

The Erechtheon

Front 79

Narrow passage of water. Xerxes had two bridges built across the width of the --- at Abydos in order that his huge army. Also where Sparta defeated Athens.

Back 79

The Hellespont

Front 80

Has a long and troubled history. Its origins date back to the sixth century B.C.E, when a second temple was built on the Acropolis next to the Erechtheon. This was the first ---, dedicated to Pallas Athena. After the battle of Marathon, the Athenians built a second temple dedicated to Athena next to the Erechtheon, which is where the --- which stands today. The Persians razed, but they did not throw out the debris, instead buried it as holy. Pericles rebuilt it. It was a monumental building achievement. It does not contain a single straight line and makes graceful use of Doric columns.

Back 80

The Parthenon

Front 81

Chief account of the Peloponnesian War is that of the Athenian general ---, who is known as the "father of scientific history" for his reliance on first-hand accounts or primary sources (though sometimes credibility is questioned). Was interested above all else in those lessons from history that might help others in the future. Wrote "The Funeral Oration of Pericles", beieved in Pericles abilities.

Back 81

Thucydides

Front 82

Means sparse or sparing. Relating to Spartian military.

Back 82

Pheiditia