World Civilization

Front 1

The term Holocene refers to which of the following?

Back 1

An era of large-scale global warming occurring approximately 14,000 years ago.

Front 2

What is the significance of the footprints found at Laetoli?

Back 2

The Laetoli footprints indicate that upright hominins enter the world stage approximately 4,000,000 years ago.

Front 3

Which of the following distinguishes hominins from chimpanzees, gorillas, and apes?

Back 3

Hominins are bipedal, while chimpanzees, gorillas, and apes are not.

Front 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of evidence scholars use to make conclusions about early hominins?

Back 4

Written records

Front 5

Which of the following best summarizes the limitations surrounding the study of early hominin and human civilization?

Back 5

Evidence about early hominins is sparse and only allows scientists to make broad conclusions about the development of bipedal species.

Front 6

Which of the following may have been and advantage bipedal hominins had over their non-bipedal counterparts?

Back 6

Bipedal hominins may have been able to see potential enemies over greater distances.

Front 7

Lucy, Selam, And Ardi are all examples of what?

Back 7

The fossil remains of early hominins species known as australopithecines.

Front 8

The Paleolithic era refers to which of the following?

Back 8

The era in which hominins began to make use stone tools

Front 9

What is the significance of Homo habilis?

Back 9

Homo habilis is one of the earliest known hominin species to make and use tools fashioned from stone.

Front 10

What does the migration of the early hominins such as Homo ergaster and Homo erectus throughout Afroeurasia tell us about these species?

Back 10

They were able to adapt to a variety of environmental conditions and likely possessed greater intelligence than early hominins.

Front 11

Which of the following distinguished early hominin species such as Homo erectus from their predecessors?

Back 11

Homo erectus had a significantly larger brain than its predecessors, which enabled it to form small communities and create rudimentary tools from stones.

Front 12

Which of the following best explains why hominins such as Homo erectus and Homo ergaster likely worked together in groups?

Back 12

The likely gave birth to immature offspring, which required some type of division of labor to allow for mothers to care for their young.

Front 13

What are some possible conclusions we can draw from the discovery of Turkana Boy?

Back 13

Though capable hunters and biologically well adapted to their environments, early hominins possessed limited intelligence and we're likely to die young.

Front 14

Which of the following is NOT a likely explanation for why early hominins migrated across vast distances throughout Afroeurasia?

Back 14

The emergence of the more intelligent Homo sapiens drove earlier hominins from their native lands.

Front 15

Which of the following species is most similar to Homo sapiens?

Back 15

Neanderthals

Front 16

Contrary to popular belief, Neanderthals

Back 16

We're highly intelligent, we're capable of adapting to a host of environments, buried their dead, and cared for the sick

Front 17

The discovery of the Floresians has caused scientists to rethink what traditionally-held belief about early hominins?

Back 17

Brain size and intelligence are directly correlated in early hominin species.

Front 18

Which of the following techniques enabled scientists to discover the Denisovan species of hominin?

Back 18

Genetic analysis

Front 19

Which of the following is a true statement about early Homo sapiens?

Back 19

Homo sapiens are the only hominin species to colonize the Americas and Australia.

Front 20

Genetic analysis tells us what about the development of Homo sapiens?

Back 20

All humans living today can trace their ancestry to the continent of Africa.

Front 21

Before humans developed language, they

Back 21

Managed to colonize large parts of the African continent

Front 22

Which of the following best describes the term collective learning?

Back 22

The process by which humans amass and transmit knowledge from generation to generation, enabling rapid adoption to a host of varying conditions

Front 23

How was the acquisition of language advantageous for early Homo sapiens?

Back 23

Language ultimately allowed Homo sapiens to adapt to their environment far faster than biology and evolution with permit.

Front 24

The artifacts found at the Blombos Cave tell us what about the development of Homo sapiens?

Back 24

Homo sapiens used language to create intricate tools and objects of decoration while still living on the African continent.

Front 25

The discovery of decorative objects such as painted seashells pierced to make beads is significant because it indicates that early Homo sapiens

Back 25

We're capable of highly symbolic thought, And likely conveyed the meaning of these decorative objects through language.

Front 26

Which of the following is a possible conclusion to be drawn from the discovery of obsidian glass in sites throughout Africa?

Back 26

Early Homo sapiens exchanged goods and materials with one another across large distances.

Front 27

As early as 115,000 years ago, humans began to migrate from Africa to which of the following regions?

Back 27

Southwest Asia

Front 28

Which of the following best summarizes the challenges archaeologists face in reconstructing the early migration patterns of humans out of Africa?

Back 28

Archaeologists lack the evidence to trace with precision the routes and timing of migrations out of Africa.

Front 29

Which of the following enabled humans to migrate from Southeast Asia to Australia roughly 60,000 years ago?

Back 29

Falling sea levels during an era of global cooling created land bridges between many of the Islands of the South Pacific across which humans could trek, ultimately to Australia.

Front 30

Sahul refers to which of the following?

Back 30

A bygone landmass composed of Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania

Front 31

Until approximately 200 years ago, Australians lived in virtual isolation from the rest of the world's population. Which of the following best explains this relative isolation?

Back 31

Rising sea levels during a period of global warming separated Australia from surrounding land masses.

Front 32

Though closer to Africa, humans colonized Europe after they colonize more distant Australia. Which of the following is a likely explanation for this lag?

Back 32

The glacial climate of Eurasia during the period of early human migration made these lands inhospitable.

Human bodies were biologically better adapted for warmer climates.

Humans did not yet have the technological skills to fashion warm clothing and more permanent shelter.

Front 33

In addition to a period of interglacial warming that occurred approximately 40,000 - 50,000 years ago, Which of the following enabled humans to advance throughout Eurasia?

Back 33

Humans developed more refined tools and social structures capable of tackling colder climates.

Front 34

Conventional thought maintains that

Back 34

Humans entered the Americas via a bygone land bridge connecting Siberia to Alaska

Front 35

Which of the following discoveries has led some anthropologist to believe that humans may have entered the Americas from different points in Asia?

Back 35

Skeletal remains of early humans throughout North and South America

Front 36

Which of the following describes the controversy over the discovery of Kennewick Man?

Back 36

Kennewick Man challenged the conventionally held belief that humans entered the Americas during a single migration from Siberia to Alaska.

Tribal populations wished to ritually bury the remains as a potential ancestor.

The federal court ruled in favor of scientist who wanted to study the skeletal remains.

Front 37

Which of the following best explains the appeal of the coastal theory of human colonization of the Americas?

Back 37

Artifacts found throughout the Americas suggest that humans colonized the region rapidly, a feat only possible with the coastal migration

Front 38

Which of the following best summarizes the reasons for human migration throughout much of the globe?

Back 38

Periodic climate change and population growth caused humans to range farther and farther afield in search of adequate food supplies.

Front 39

Which of the following best describes the relationship between population growth and early human migration?

Back 39

Population growth compelled humans to constantly seek out new sources of food and forced humans to adapt to a wide range climates.

Front 40

Which of the following is evidence that humans likely lived alongside other hominin species for a time?

Back 40

Remnants of a Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA can be found in modern-day humans.

Front 41

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the extinction of Neanderthals?

Back 41

Neanderthals likely interbred with humans on a regular basis and eventually became genetically integrated into the Homo sapiens species.

Front 42

How have advancements in our understanding of human genetics and human evolution complicated the concept of race?

Back 42

DNA analysis has revealed that people of different races are almost genetically identical and that racial differences are simply the result of relatively recent adaptations and random variation.

Front 43

The upper Paleolithic era is known for being the era in which

Back 43

Humans began to form more complex societies and engage in higher levels of symbolic communication

Front 44

What might the discovery of jewelry worn by early humans suggest about our ancestors?

Back 44

Early humans engaged in acts of self expression and symbolic representation

Front 45

The discovery of yellow amber in southern Europe originating hundreds of miles to the north tells us what about the upper Paleolithic era?

Back 45

Early humans engaged in networks of trade and exchange across significant distances.

Front 46

Which of the following contributed to the size of human bands during the upper Paleolithic period?

Back 46

The type of ecological system in which they dwelled.

Front 47

The presence of decorative objects at burial sites dating back as far as 25,000 years ago indicates that

Back 47

Certain members of a group held higher status than others, which suggests an organized social structure.

Front 48

Which of the following best explains why women likely gathered food and remained close to the band's home base while men hunted farther afield before 10,000 B.C.E.?

Back 48

The loss of a woman of childbearing age would negatively impact a community far more than the loss of a single man.

Front 49

Which of the following is a consequence of the late ice age of approximately 30,000 years ago?

Back 49

Humans greatly increased their toolmaking abilities as they adapted to the dropping temperatures.

Front 50

The discovery of the site of a complex Temple structure at Göbekli Tepe in modern-day Turkey has forced archaeologists to rethink about early human civilization?

Back 50

When humans developed highly organized religious beliefs