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61 Cards in this Set
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He was the bishop of Hippo; author of Doctrine of Original Sin; wrote confessions which is an autobiography on desire |
St. Augustine |
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Period when there was peace under ptolemies; Antiochus IV ruled Seleucids and prohibited Jewish Religion; Judas Maccabean used Guerrilla campaign |
Post Exilic Judaism under the Greek period
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this group was separtist in maccabean revolt; believed in the torah and tradition |
Pharisees |
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this group was a conservative aristorcracy; controlled temple ritual; the torah was only authoritative |
Sadducees |
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This group used the dead sea scroll; had apolcalyptic views |
Essenes
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This group was a political and anti-roman group |
Zealots |
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also referred to as manicheism; is semignostic; believed in light (god) and darkness (matter) |
Neo-Platonism |
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What were Plotinus's three principles? |
1. The One 2. The Nous 3. The Soul |
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one of plotinus's principles: an abstract godliness emanating power as the sun emanates the light |
The One |
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one of plotinus's principles: looks up to the one and down towards all other things |
The Nous |
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one of plotinus's principles: the human soul which looks up to contemplate the Nous and through it the idea of God |
The Soul |
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He promoted asceticism; claimed universal jurisdiction over the church; sought ties with germanic and arian kingdoms |
Gregory the Great |
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an empire that believed in iconoclastic controversy between icon smashers and revered icons; John of Damascus defends icons saying they aren't idolatry; 2nd council of Nicea condemned iconoclastic movement |
Byzantine Empire |
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"Renovatio Imperil"=Restored the west/latin lands; The Emperor was head of the orthodox church |
Justinian I |
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he was the emperor of the Indian Mauryan empire; converted to buddhism; nonviolence state supported inistituition |
Ahsaka |
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a type of hinduism; Ritualistic Hinduism; Brahmin's religion |
Vedas |
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a type of hinduism; philosophical hinduism |
Upanishads |
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one of the varnas: consisted of priests, teachers, and preachers |
Brahmins |
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one of the varnas: consisted of kings governors, warriors, and soldiers |
Kshatriyas |
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one of the varnas: consisted of cattle herders, farmers, businessmen |
Vaishyas |
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one of the varnas: laborers and service providers |
Shudras |
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Siddhartha Guatama; Indian Prince; 6 year spiritual quest; "the enlightened one" |
Buddha |
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form of buddhism: Buddha was a wise teacher; rigid, ritual practice (Teaching of the Elders) |
Theravada |
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form of buddhism: bodhisattvas helped with enlightment; popular religion of salvation (Great Vehicle) |
Mahayana |
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He emigrated to Medine; first converters were called "companions"; hated idol worhsippers but didn't mind monotheistic faiths; returned to mecca 8 years later; prophet of islam |
Muhammad |
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Impending Judgement of the world rewards and punishments for each individual action spread the teachings of allah |
Muhammad's Call |
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the God of the Muslims; is creator and judge |
Allah |
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Muhammad's successors that led the islamic community |
Caliphates |
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Path; "collection of sayings" |
Sunna |
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Divine revelation; literal word of God |
Qur'An |
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traditions; sayings of the prophets |
Hadith |
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5 main obligations Sunnis had to follow |
1. Confession of faith (one God, true prophet) 2. Prayer 5 times a day 3. Charitable Gifts 4. Fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca |
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third of the Islamic Calpihates to succeed the first islamic prophet; Banu Abbas defeated Umayyadas |
Abbasids |
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Ibn Sina; Philosopher who wrote "The book of healing" and "the oriental Philosophy" |
Avicienna |
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a book that is the ontology as foundation of theology |
"The book of healing" |
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a book that is the source for school of illumination |
"The Oriental Philosophy" |
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Ibn Rushd; the commentator; Wrote "The Inchoherence of the Incoherent"; (combines aristotle and Islam) |
Averroes |
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mystic understanding of footsteps of the prophet and ali; monotheistic basis; arise from God -> Return to God; transformation of the soul; used music during rituals |
Sufism |
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christian mysticist: vow of poverty; tried to convert the sultans; received the stigmata |
St Francis of Assisi |
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christian mysticist: had vernacular sermons; neoplatonic thought with mysticism |
Meister Eckhart |
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women mystic: musical, scientific, and literary writings |
Hildegard Von Bingen |
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women mystic: Relations of Divine Love; focus on suffering |
Julian of Norwich |
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women mystic: helped end avigon papacy |
Catherine of Siena |
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was considered "trouble times"; Genghis Kahn unified the mongols; Northern China/ Central Asia invasions |
Mongol Invasions |
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killed 1/3 of europe's populations from years 1346-1353 |
The Black Death |
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This is the quest for logical formulation; examine the logical links and implication of ideas |
Christian Scholasticism |
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What are the four steps for logical formulation? |
1. Start with a problem 2. Quote from authority 3. Argue for or against ideas 4. The answer |
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Dominican order of monks; catholic priest and philosopher; wrote "the summa theologiae" and "summa contra gentiles"; philosophy is available to all people; theology is based on revelation and logical deduction from revelation |
St. Thomas Aquinas |
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He had an alliance with the White Guelfs against the pope; "de monarchia" meaning a single,secular world monarch; "divine comedy" |
Dante Aligheri |
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imaginary world he traveled to in his poem "inferno"; divine love; guided by beatrice |
Dante's World |
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pope controversy: isolated the jews (ghetto) and they had to wear special badges; transubstantion |
Pope Innocent and the 4th Lateran Council |
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pope controversy: abdiction of pope celestine V; had problems with King Philip IV; believed in Unam Sanctam -> two sword theory |
Boniface VII |
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a conciliar movement that removed three popes; pope martin back to italyfuck |
The Great Schism |
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He rejected univocity of being and denies the distinction between existence and essence; believes in human freedom; God determins the good by commanding it |
John Puns Scotus |
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He rejected the pope in secular matters; Francisan poverty vs. Church's Riches; Nominalism & Faith = only the truths of reason vested in individual things could be known for certain |
William of Ockham |
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before mongols; leaders were Marco Polo and Kublai Kahn; was religiously tolerant; conquered korea but failed to conquer Japan; expansion stopped after Kublai's death |
Yuan Dynasty in China |
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post mongols; leaders was Zhu Yuanzhang and lead the rebellion against mongols; during emperor yongle's time the capital was named beijing |
MIng Dynasty in China |
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Reformer before reformation: wanted republican freedom and religious reform; against Medicis and pope alexander VI; executed for rebellion |
Girolamo Savonariola |
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Reformer before reformation: Translated bible to english; believed priests should preach in english |
John Wyclif |
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Reformer before reformation: believed Christ was the only head of the Church; scripture was sole authority |
Jan Hus |
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Reformer before reformation: Bohemian Hussites (resistance:spiritual & political) |
Council of Constance |
