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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Economics |
when a power was facing an economic challenge, taxes were placed on the colonies |
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Language |
In a sense, French, English and Portuguese became a medium through which people of various regions united (seeing as how they were forced to learn language) -the people could now understand each other and worked towards a united goal: getting rid of colonial rule |
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National Congress for British West Africa (1920) |
-wanted the British to give more opportunities -J.E. Casely-Hayford: leader; lawyer -weren't fighting for everyone, just the elites |
similar to what happened in India |
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Blaise Diagne |
1872-1934 -the French wanted to make their colonies into French cities; this led to French citizenship -Blaise benefited from this citizenship by becoming the first black man from Senegal elected to the French Parliament |
-not inclusive; less than half the country had French citizenship |
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Different Rules |
British: allowed opposition French: tried to assimilate and take away their voice Belgians and Portuguese: shut down any opposition immediately |
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Atlantic Charter of 1941 |
-states the goals of the Allies for post- WWII -the Allies support the right of the people to form their own government; however, didn't extend to these colonies |
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Pan-Africanism |
movement to unite people of African descent all over the word |
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Fifth Pan-African Congress |
do whatever it take to gain freedom -even if this means destroying the African people |
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Mau Mau |
rebellion in Kenya (1951) -made up of men and women attacking European settlers who had kicked them out for their fertile land -ends in failure: over 80,000 Kenyans will be detained |
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African National Congress |
made up of educated, South-African elites -called for the protection of black in South Africa -uses Ghandi's teachings; realizes violence is futile |
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Afrikaneer(National Party) |
promote the idea of apartheid -supported by white settlers who were afraid of one day being ruled by blacks -won majority of the vote (seeing as they could vote) -blacks protest (as Ghandi did); futile |
-happened at a time where Communism was coming apparent, and the U.S. was looking for allies -the Afrikaneer party opposed Communism, so the U.S. looked the other way when it came to their government, just to have an ally |
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apartheid |
the complete separation of the races |
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Nelson Mandela |
took control of the African National Congress -had been in jail since 1960s |
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Independence from Britain |
Ghanda/Gold Coast -granted independence from Britain; begins a domino effect; the rest of the countries become independent |
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Independence from France |
Algeria -different than the British colonies -bloody battles Charles de Gaulle: comes to power and stops the battles -holds a referendum: "Would you like to stay with French rule or become independent?" -surprised to find they want to be independent |
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Independence from Belgium |
Congo -ran by an iron fist -in the end, Belgium couldn't hold on to the colonies -gains independence in 1960 |
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Independence from Portugal |
Angola and Mozambique -Portuguese held on till 1960 -there is a coupe in Portugal, which effects the colonies; new leader doesn't see any point in holding on during the Cold War |
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Organization of African Unity |
goal was to maintain the existing boundaries in Africa -promoted 'accepting and moving forward' -knew that fighting over boundaries would cause countless, unnecessary, bloody battles |
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PROBLEMS |
in Sub-Saharan African after decolonization -political issues: those who led the revolution are in charge -economic issues: trade; hard to overhaul -health issues: AIDs |
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Nigeria |
large population; educated; good foundation to build on -had oil -1960: became independent from Britain, but one can quickly see the diversity (religion, race, language, etc) becoming a problem -1962-1966: divided government; people demanded their group to be properly represented -let to corruption, which let to the military taking control -this led to a few officials enriching themselves and not helping the rest of the population, just their supporters -an official will give a supporting official a lot of land, but this person knows nothing about farming -leads to starvation -1979: with encouragement from the U.S. the military hands the government over to the people -gas prices were really high, so the country had a lot of money to invest -when the prices plummet, people complain and the military takes over again |
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Democratic Republic of the Congo |
not as largely populated as Nigeria, but still diverse -1960: independence from Belgium -holds elections: 140 different parties; each party was representing very specific interests and it was almost impossible to create unity -leads to Civil War -1965: Joseph Mobuto Sese Seko |
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Joseph Mobuto Sese Seko |
-takes power -renames the state to Zaire -uses Zaire to make himself rich -steals from the people, but is able to stay in power because of the Cold War -master of manipulating the U.S. and U.S.S.R; he tended to learn towards the U.S. and gains weapons and support, but when he wasn't satisfied with the U.S., he'd flirt with the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. would rush to make a deal -1997: out of power |
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Rwanda |
under German, then Belgium rule -two main groups: Hutu and Tutsi -the Tutsi were elite, but minority -19??: tensions explode between the groups -the President died in a plane crash; Hutu blamed the Tutsi and the group went after each other -the Cold War is over, he U.S. and U.S.S.R. aren't looking for every ally they could get, but could pick and choose; they did not intervene in Rwanda |
-in the past, colonial powers tried to get a minority to latch onto them, so they would want them to leave as they'd lose their place against the majority |
