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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Race
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Differences in society were not due to skin color but environment.
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Ethnicity
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More cultural—language groupings, religious ties, dress standards and customs.
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Lucy
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(Ethiopia) 3.5 million years old; named Lucy because of Beatles song playing when she was discovered walked upright.
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The last Ice Age
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(France) 150,000 years ago-15,000 years ago; cave paintings in France. 3,000 calories a day. Major impact - allowed for the spread of people
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Lascaux Cave Paintings
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(France) 17,000 years old; contains nearly 2000 pictures. 3 categories: animals, human figurines, and abstract signs. Tell stories
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Chatal Huyuk (site)
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(Turkey/Anatolia) considered a true town where they had buildings/houses made of mud; unusual among early towns as it did not have walls. 7000 BC.
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Ain Mallaha
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(Israel) 11,000 BC;permanent settlement settled by hunters and gatherers. Proves there is no need for agriculture in order to be permanent.
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Jericho
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(Palestine: between Africa & Asia) 8500 BC; farming; 1500 people; Massive walls; tower
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Sir William Jones
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(India) studied the Indo-European culture, especially their writing (Sanskrit)
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Indo-European(s)/ -Language Family
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Sir William Jones says we must be related to the Indians because Sanskrit is so similar to the European languages.
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Hittites
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(Anatolia) forerunners of the Iron Age; developed manufacturing of iron in14th century BC. With use of bronze weapons and chariots, they were militarily superior.
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Iron Age
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The prehistoric period in any area during which cutting tools and weapons were mainly made of iron or steel.
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Phoenicians
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(Lebanon, Syria, & Palestine) organized into politically indep. city-states. Invented alphabet. survive collapse due to maritime technology
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Mycenaeans
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(Greece) 1600-1200 BC. Linear B script is early form of Greek writing. dependant on surplus; fell during the collapse of the bronze age 1200 BC.
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The Collapse of the Bronze Age
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Between 1206 and 1150 BCE, the cultural collapse of the Mycenaean kingdoms, the Hittite Empire in Anatolia and Syria, and Egyptian Provinces in Syria and Canaan.
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Four Noble Truths
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(China)
1. Life Means Suffering; 2. Suffering comes from attachment 3. Suffering can stop 4. Stopping suffering-Eight-Fold Path |
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Oracle Bones
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(China) Earliest Chinese writing, about 4,000 BC. (Shang dynasty). Element of religion or spiritual beliefs. Way of telling time (calendar).
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Harappa(ns)
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(India) Large cities in the Indus Valley. planning; surplus of agriculture: dual harvest. Shows dependence on rivers. there is a hierarchy and possibly a government.
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Confucius
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(China) 551-479 BC. Born in "Warring States Period." Had idea, "How should leaders and rulers govern?"
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Confucianism Ideals
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1. Humaneness
2. Righteousness 3. Reciprocity 4. Ritual order |
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Shang
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(1700-1100 BC) A feudal state, meaning clan rulers exercised power over local government. Much of Chinese writing was developed during this period.
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Hellenism
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The international form of Greek culture. Swept across the lands of the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East after Alexander the great's death (336-323 B.C.).
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Narmer (Palette)
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(Egypt) Been referred to as the earliest historical document in the world. Depicts Egyptian king. 30th century BC.
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Zhou
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(China) The collapse of the Zhou Dynasty around 700 BC led to the warring periods.
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Bronze Bowls
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(China) Same time as Oracle bones. From the Yellow River valley.Symbol of Zhou King's worship to their ancestors. 900's.
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Dualism
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Buddhist belief in the difference between consciousness and reality. may also refer to two gods.
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Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
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(India) Spiritual leader who taught The 4 Noble Truths and The 8-Fold Path.
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Sea Peoples
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A diverse group of rulers, merchants, mercenaries, pirates, and out-laws. included many Mycenaeans. Pillaged Hittites & invaded but didn't conquer Egypt.
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Israel vs. Judah
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Israel refers to the ten tribes in north. Whereas Judah refers to those still in the south.
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Mandate of Heaven
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(China) Similar to Divine Right although the Mandate of Heaven could be taken away due to poor conduct.
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Zarathustra
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(Iran) Around 1200 BC. Also known by Greek name Zoroastor. Said to be the founder of Zoroastrianism. Likely to be founded in what is modern day Iran.
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Cyrus the Great
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(Persia-NE of Saudi) 559-530 BC; Emperor of Persia, which became the largest empire the world had ever known.
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The Cyrus Cylinder
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(Persia) Stated the political policy of Persia (tolerance, go back to homeland, etc.) writing; proclaims Cyrus the Great the leader of Persia
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Bisitun Rock Relief
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(Persia) 600 BC. Emperor Darius commissioned it. Structure of the Persian empire, importance of Zoroastrianism, and the vital role diversity plays in Persia.
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Caste society
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(India) 3 Level system, Rulers and warriors (kshatriyas), Priests (brahmins), and artisans, merchants, and agriculturalists (vaishyas). Later slaves (Sudras)
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Warring States Period
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480-211 BC. Confucius was born and lived (551-479 BC). His teachings were recorded in the Analects.
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Arctic Land Bridge
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During the Last Ice Age, freezing water allowed the Sea to go so low that it opened up a corridor between North America and Siberia (Alaska) for 50 to 100 years.
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Sumerian
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(Sumer) (3200-2334 BC) Numerous city states ruled by a divinely sanctioned king. Continuous wars, never unified.
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Yellow River valley
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(China) isolation and abundance. Rank based upon blood relationship with the clan leader.
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Ganges river
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(India) River located in India, feeds India's best agricultural lands. Buddhism originated near this river. Buddha taught near this river.
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Persepolis
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(Persia/Iran) A prominent Persian city - modern day Iran
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Thermopylae
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(Greece). Famed battle (movie 300) where Greeks stopped Persian advance.
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Carthage
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(Mediterranean) Wealthy and influential Phoenician city in South Mediterranean. Central trading. Romans defeated the Phoenicians by conquering this city.
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Collapse: 1200 BC
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Large scale upheaval of regional systems; “international” system fails, large city-states destroyed/abandoned; smaller settlements crop up.
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Aftermath of 1200 BC Collapse
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"secondary states," rise up Assyrians, Hittites/Mycenaean gone. The principle cause was most likely not invasion but economic upheaval due to climate change.
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Jared Diamond (and arguments)
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Success is due to Geography not Biology. 6 factors of animal domestication: 1: diet 2: growth rate 3: nasty disposition 4: problems breeding 5: social structure 6: tendency to panic
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White Man’s Burden
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The west would go to the "uncivilized" world and teach them how to be civilized. The idea of a superior race (whites)
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Hammurabi
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(Mesopotamia) Famous for the laws he established in Babylon similar to those in the Bible. Conquered the entire area of Mesopotamia (including Sumer) between 1793 and 1750 b.c.
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Stoics
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(Greece) Associated with Axial Age; "painted hall"; only good lies in VIRTUE: Virtue = conforming to the will of nature; connection to Buddhist theory; Nature rids suffering
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Aryan
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(India) A group of people that moved into India through the Himalayan Mountains. They were the only group of people to succeed at conquering a part of India by way of the mountains.
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Rig Veda
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The oldest Vedic text. The vedic text was written in sanskrit and it was a collection of hymns and such to various gods. This particular one focused on rituals.
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Varnas
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The different caste systems in India; (Brahmins-Priests, Kshatriyas-Warriors, Vaishyas-tradesmen, Shudras-peasants)
Philistines |
