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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nonbinding agreement to follow common policies
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Entente
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The glorification of the military
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Militarism
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French border, France wanted to recover it
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Alsace and Lorraine
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Final set of demands
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Ultimatum
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Prepare military forces for war
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Mobilize
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Policy of supporting neither side in a war
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Neutrality
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Deadlock in which neither side can defeat the other
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Stalemate
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Large, gas-filled balloons
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Zeppelins
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Submarines German's used to sink merchant ships
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U-boats
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Strait connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea
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Dardanelles
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Channeling a nation's entire resources into war effort
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Total war
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"The draft", all young men ready for military (Britain)
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Conscription
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Military supplies and raw materials for military supplies
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Contraband
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Submarine torpedoed by Germany, 1,200 killed
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Lusitania
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Spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause
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Propaganda
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Horrible acts against innocent people
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Atrocities
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List of terms resolving this and future wars by Wilson
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Fourteen Points
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The right of people to choose their own form of gov.
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Self-determination
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Agreement to end fighting
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Armistice
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The spread of a disease across a large area
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Pandemic
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Payments for war damage
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Reparations
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People who wanted to make extreme changes
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Radicals
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A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all
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Collective security
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Territories administered by Western powers
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Mandates
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Growing class of factory and railroad, workers, miners, and wage earners
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Preletariat
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Councils of workers and soldiers
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Soviets
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Secret police force much like tsar's
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Cheka
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Communist party officials assigned to the army to teach part principles and ensure party loyalty
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Commissars
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large plantations controlled by landowning elite
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Haciendas
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Government takeover (of natural resources)
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Nationalization
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Emphasis on home control of economy
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Economic nationalism
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pride in one's culture
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Cultural nationalism
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Issued by Pres. FDR, pledged to lessen interference with Latin American affairs
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Good Neighbor Policy
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Policy of rigid segregation
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Apartheid
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Movement, unity of Africans worldside
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Pan-Africanism
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Writers expressed pride in African roots and protested colonial rule
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Negritude movement
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Turkish peninsula between Black and Med seas
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Asia Minor
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Nationalist movement, unity of Arabs worldwide
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Pan-Arabism
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Brittish attempt to win support of European Jews, setting up a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine
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Balfour Declaration
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Reginald Dyer and soldiers opened fired on Indian speakers and crowd killing 400 wounding 1,100
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Amritsar massacre
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Nonviolence
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Ahimsa
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Refusal to obey unjust laws
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Civil disobedience
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Members of the lowest caste
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Untouchables
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Refusal to buy
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Boycott
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Symbol of rebellious Jazz Age, liberated you woman
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Flapper
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Ban on manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
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Prohibition
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Illegal bar
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Speakeasies
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Cultural awakening in Harlem, NY
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Harlem Renaissance
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Method of studying how the mind works, and treatment of mental disorders
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Psychoanalysis
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Art style composed lines, colors, shapes, sometimes with no recognizable matter at all
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Abstract
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Rejected traditional style, no sense of truth in the world
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Dada
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Attempted to portray workings of unconsisous mind
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Surrealism
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Massive fortifications built by France
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Maginot Line
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"Renounce war as an instrument of national policy", U.S. signed also almost every independant nation
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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The reduction of armed forces and weapons
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Disarmament
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Strike by workers in many different industries (same time)
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General strike
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Supply is bigger than demand
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Overproduction
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Management of $ matters
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Finance
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Central banking system of U.S.
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Federal Reserve
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Painful time of global economic collapse
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Great Depression
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Argued gov. had to take action on Depression
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Massive package of economic and social programs
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New Deal
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Rejected socialism for intense nationalism, fascist party, promised to end corruption and replace w/ order
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Benito Mussolini
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Party militants
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Black shirts
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Tens of thousands of fascists swarmed capital, made king Victor Emmanuel II fear civil war, asked Mussolini to form gov. as prime minister
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March on Rome
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A one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of it's citizens
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Totalitarian state
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Any centralized, authoritarian gov. that is not communist whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to human rights
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Fascism
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Gov. where officials made all basic economic decisions
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Command economy
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Large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
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Collectives
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Wealthy farmers
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Kulaks
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Style, goal to show Soviet life is a positive light and promote hope in a communist future
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Socialist realism
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Making a nationality's culture more Russian
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Russification
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The belief that there is no god
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Atheism
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Communist International, to encourage world-wide revolution
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Comintern
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Prime minister
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Chancellor
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Coal-rich area controlled by France
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Ruhr Valley
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"empire", German master race would dominate Europe
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Third Reich
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Hitler's secret police
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Gestapo
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Deprived Jew of German citizenship and other severe restrictions
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Nuremberg Laws
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Who was given credit unificaton of Germany?
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Otto von Bismarck
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Who was Gavrillo Princip?
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Member of a Serbian terrorist group, killed Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie
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What is another name for World War I?
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"The Great War"
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What was one reason for France to get involved in the war?
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Revenge, to get back Alsace and Lorraine
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What one duty that the Russia felt it had to do?
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Defend all Slavs, supported Serbia
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What is militarism and how did it affect WWI?
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The glorification of the military, and many countries used it to get people to go into the military
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What would Serbia making a South Slavic state do to Turkey and Hungary?
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it would take territory away from each
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What is a "blank check"? and who gave it to who?
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A promise of unconditional support no matter what the cost, Germany to Austria
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What is The Schlieffen Plan?
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Designed to avoid the possibility of a two-front war on Germany. It said that Germany should move against France first b/c Russia was slow to mobilize, except Germany had to defeat France quickly.
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What are the reasons that The Schlieffen Plan failed?
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-Russia mobilized faster than expected
-Germans hastily shifted some troops to the east, weakening forces in the west -British and French troops pushed back the German drive |
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What new technologies were used in WWI?
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-Poison gas
-Tanks, Airplanes, Submarines -Zeppelins -U-boats |
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When did Russia pull out of the war?
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When they lost a battle against Germany at Tannenberg
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What empire joins the war, and what are their effects?
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The Ottoman Empire, they join central powers and cut off crucial Allied supply lines to Russia (through Dardanelles)
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What was the battle of Gallipoli?
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When the Australians and New Zealanders tried to open up the Dardanelles and failed
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What crucial book was written about WWI, containing the line "But you were only an idea to me before, an abstraction"?
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Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front"
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Who said this quote? "You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye Who cheer when soldier lads march by, Sneak home and pray you'll never know The hell where youth and laughter go."
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Siegfried Sassoon, "Suicide in the Trenches"
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What was the German's reasoning for bombing the Lusitania?
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They said that they had contraband
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What did Germany than agree to?
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To restrict its submarine campaign, b/c Wilson threatened to cut off diplomatic relations w/ germany
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Why did U.S.A. enter the war?
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-Germany had ceased submarine attacks, but then announced that it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare
-The British intercepted the Zimmermann Telegram from Germany saying that it would help Mexico get territory from the U.S. |
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What official time did WWI end?
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11 am November 11th
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What four world leaders were involved in the Paris Peace Conference?
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-Woodrow Wilson
-George Clemenceau -Victorio Orlando -Lloyd George |
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What is "bolshevism"?
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Communism
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How much money did Germany spend?
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-5.4 Trillion (total)
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What ideas did the participants in the Paris Peace Conference have?
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-Woodrow Wilson="peace without victory"
-David Lloyd George=promised to build a post-war Britain "fit for heroes" (cost $) -Georges Clemenceau=wanted to weaken Germany so it couldn't again threaten France |
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What quote did Clemenceau say about Wilson?
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"Mr. Wilson bores me with his Fourteen Points, why God Almighty has only ten!"
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What did the treaty of Versailles do to Germany?
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-Had to assume full blame for the war
-Fined 2.7 trillion -Limited the size of the German military -Returned Alsace and Lorraine to France -Removed lots of miles of territory from western and eastern Germany -Stripped Germany of oversea colonies |
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What clause was the "war guilt" clause?
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Article 231
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What was the Duma?
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A parliment (in Russia), but they had no power
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Who was Gregory Rasputin?
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An illiterate peasant, self-proclaimed "holy man". Alexandria believed he had powers after he healed her son and he gained control over her. He was then killed by Russian nobles
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What were the stages of the Russian Revolution?
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1.Gov. collapses
2.Provisional gov. 3.Revolution |
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What is a provisional government?
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A temporary government
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Why did the monarchy collapse?
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-Disasters on the battlefield
-Food and fuel shortages |
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Who was Lenin?
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Leader of rev. influenced class struggle, he read the work of Marx
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Who was the Russian Civil War fought between?
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The Red army vs. the White army (factions in the country)
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What does the USSR stand for?
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
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What were the phases in the Mexican Revolution?
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1.Porfirio Diaz
2.Revolution begins (Francisco Madero and Victoriano Huerta) 3.Huerta takes over 4.Villa, Zapata, and Carranza 5.Carranza takes over |
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What is the Constitution of 1917?
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Addressed land, religion, and labor.
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Who did not follow through with his plans?
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Carranza
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Some Africans were forced to do what by the Europeans?
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-Work on plantations or in mines
-Carry identification cards |
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What was the institutional segregation in Africa?
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1.Banteo (black Africans)
2.Colored (mixed Race) 3.Indian (from India) 4.White (had control) |
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What are the four reasons that the U.S. got involved in the war?
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- Zimmerman telegram
- Unrestricted submarine warfare - Loaned $ to England and France (didn't want to lose it) - "Safe for democracy" |
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What is the League of Nations?
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International, based on the idea of collective security
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What was the Weimar Republic?
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Gov. set up in Germany after WWI, had to deal with destroyed economy
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What was "Mein Kampf"?
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A book by Hitler meaning "My Struggle", it spelled out his future plans to kill the Jews. Extreme nationalism, racism and anti-Semitism, Aryan race
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What were the long term causes of WWI?
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1.Imperialism=when one country dominates a less powerful country. The domination could be cultural, economic, or military
2.Nationalism=sense of patriotism to a country. Either brings states together(Germany), or breaks them apart(Austrian Empire) 3.Alliances=Triple alliance(Germany Austria-Hungary, Italy, triple entente(France, Britain, Russia) 4.Militarism=dramatic increases on the amount of $ spent on troops & weapons. Tension between Britain and Germany(wanted to compete w/ Britain) 5.International Anarchy=meetings in Vienna so if there were conflicts could be settled w/out war. Concert of Europe fell apart, not replaced (no international gov.) |
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After WWI what was the international gov?
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League of Nations
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After WWII what was the international gov?
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United Nations
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What was the short term cause of WWI?
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Assasination of Franz Ferdanand by a Slavic terroist group
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