Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Euclid known as and why?
|
known as the father of geometry because he came up with several geometric principles we still use today
|
|
|
Give 2 examples of his basic principles of geometry. What does geometry mean in Greek?
|
basic principles: any two points in space can always be connected by a straight line. A straight line can be extended forever-- means earth measures
|
|
|
You might be given a picture of 3 straight lines, one going through 1 point, the other – through 2, and the third – through 3: you will need to use the picture to explain what was one of the principles established by Euclid.
|
all lines continue on forever
|
|
|
You will be given 2 pictures of heliocentric and geocentric models of the world: you will need to label them correctly, tell which was proposed by Aristarchus (and then adopted by Copernicus), describe how each of them explains the position and movements of the celestial bodies (the sun, the earth, the moon, the stars, etc.) in the universe, and the origins of both terms (e.g. where they were derived from, their Greek origins).
|
geocentric, earth in the center and everything revolves around it, proved the theory wrong by saying the sun was the center of the solar system: heliocentric.
|
|
|
How did Aristarchus explain that the sun is much larger than the earth, even though it appears smaller? What was so amazing and so sad about his claims/discoveries?
|
He said the earth rotates around the sun and it also rotates on its own axis and the sun is much larger than the earth and even though the sun looks small in the sky, the only reason it does is because it is so far away from the earth that it only looks small. Amazing: when he made his discoveries, he didn’t even have a telescope –he used only his mind, and he had to think real hard. Sad: his ideas never really caught on and were disregarded by most scientists fir 100s if years until Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century. So his theory was only proven and accepted 1,800 years later!
|
|
|
What was Eratosthenes’ most famous calculation, what was so special about it, and what 2 tools did he use to make it?
|
Eratoshenes most famous calculation was the earth’s circumference and he only had a ruler and his mind!!! He was the first to calculate that!
|
|
|
You will be given a picture of the map of the world the way the Greeks knew it, marking Europe, Asia and Africa surrounded by water, Greece and India, and you will be asked to explain what 2 alternative routes Eratosthenes proposed. How did he explain that even if you set out from Greece to India sailing westward - at first actually moving further away from India - you will still arrive there in the end?
|
He said you could sail to India by sailing westward all the time, seemingly moving away from India, because India is to the east of Greece and Europe but since the Earth is round, you will get there anyway.
|
|
|
Why were the Europeans finally forced to test Eratosthenes 2 propositions?
|
After the Crusades were over, the Muslim rulers of the Middle East and Central Asia blocked the access to India through its territory for the Christian Europeans, so they started looking for other options, like the one proposed by Eratosthenes 1,700 years earlier.
|
|
|
What did Columbus call the Native Americans and why?
|
Columbus called Native Americans Indians because when he tried Eratosthenes rout he reached America and thought it was India.
|
|
|
How did Archimedes make his most famous discovery, and what did he do right after he realized that he had discovered something very important?
|
greatest discovery: Archimedes principal. Which is that the volume of a solid object put in liquid is equal to the volume of liquid displaced. Values: we can measure the volume of random crazy shaped objects by putting them in liquid and then calculating how much liquid was displaced. AND we can measure buoyancy- the ability of solid objects to float: it is used in ship building, where you have to make sure that huge ships made of heavy mental (like Metallica…get it heavy metal HAHA) don’t sink.
|
|
|
What does eureka mean in Greek, what is the connection between Archimedes' "eureka" and California, and what is the eureka moment?
|
Eureka-I have found it
Connection: Archimedes said Eureka which is now the state motto of California A Eureka moment is an epiphany-AHA moment |
|
|
Who were the Stoics?
|
The Stoics were a group of philosophers who had a new school of philosophy called stoicism. Stoicism became one of the most popular greek beliefs and later greatly influenced the Romans
|
|
|
What did the Stoics say about the equality of people? Provide 3 examples of who would be considered as equals according to this new outlook. What did the stoics say about “natural laws” (4 things: created by.., god for all …regardless of…, ppl being able to…them and live…), and about pleasure and pain (2 things)?
|
It’s view stressed that all humans, including Greeks and barbarians, free and slaves, men and women were all equals, “brothers and sisters” (not literally) and had to help each other. Natural laws: laws created by nature and gods for all people, regardless of gender, race, religion, class, etc. capable of discovering such laws (for example one of them says “do good, not harm”) and should live accordingly.
|
|
|
What does it mean to endure something stoically?
|
The stoics also emphasized indifference to pleasure and pain, and today we say, “to endure something stoically” or as the stoics would to, meaning to show no emotions when dealing with pain, suffering-both physical and emotional- or pleasure; don’t complain, or whine, suck it up, take it like a man.
|
|
|
Who did the Macedonians claim they were , what did the Greeks think of the Macedonians, and why did the Greeks regard the Macedonians as barbarians (2 reasons)?
|
claimed they were another Greek tribe. Greeks claimed they were “wannabes”/posers and barbarians---spoke bad greek, had a king---so primitive, unsocilaized, savage.
|
|
|
Who was Philip II and how did he manage to conquer almost all of the Greek city-states? In your answer you explain what was it about the new spear and the Macedonian phalanx that gave the Macedonians an edge in battle.
|
Philip II: conquered all Greek city-states, except Sparta with 2 innovations:
-a longer spear- “sarissa”-16ft long -a new phalanx-16 rows -5 front rows held their speers horizontally, and their tips extended Infront of the phalanx. |
|
|
You may be given a picture of the Macedonian phalanx (from your handout) and asked to use it to explain the 2 advantages it had over the regular Greek phalanx (what made the spear better and how the “porcupine effect” was achieved).
|
the spears were long enough so that people five rows back could still stick their spears out front, then the people behind those five rows have spears sticking up so they can throw them
|
|
|
List Alexander’s 4 “super” qualities (as in “chick magnet”), and what was so special about his education?
|
Alexander’s 4 super qualities: super fit, super handsome, super ambitions, super smart (tutored by Artistotle)
|
|
|
What were Alexander’s major accomplishments by the time he crossed the Indus River and entered India (3 examples of what he did in the 9 years of his conquest)?
|
he conquered more land than any one had before, he took his Macedonians and Greek to places where none of their ancestors had ever been to before (most of them had never even heard of them), and he never lost a battle while being always out numbered.
|
|
|
Why did his troops eventually refuse to go on any further (3 examples), and why was Alexander so frustrated and disappointed by that?
|
9 years into his conquest, His troops eventually refused to go on any further because they were too tired, too homesick, not that ambitious. He was so mad because he thought he was about to reach the “edge of the earth” and conquer “the world”
|
|
|
What were the 3 major reasons for Alexander’s health to deteriorate and to eventually contribute to his death?
|
worn out by sixteen years of fighting, 8 wounds, and alcoholism.
|
|
|
What was the main point I tried to make in my anti-alcohol and anti-drug-use speech in class?
|
Your main point was don’t do drugs or alchocol or you will die like Alexander the Great.
|
|
|
To whom did Alex pledge his Empire while on his deathbed?
|
The strongest.
|
|
|
What happened to Alex’s Empire soon after his death?
|
After his death, his generals wages war on each other and split his empire into 6 countries.
|
|
|
What were the 3 major consequences of Alexander’s conquest that defined the Hellenistic Era?
|
consequences: no more small city-states, no more democracies, Greeks and Macedonians emigrated in mass from their homelands to the newly conquered lands, mostly the smartest, aggressive, ambitious
|
