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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did the physical features of Greece influence its economic structure and political system?
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- Coastal areas good for farming
- Harbors along coastlines - Mountains provided natural protection |
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Why did the Minoans not build walls around their cities for protection?
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- Because it was on an island
- They had a lot of ships for defense |
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What was the status of women in Minoan society?
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- They were citizens
- They were as high as men (in class) |
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Describe a Mycenaean kingdom
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- Centered around hilltops
- Each hill had a fortress - Stone walls aroudn the fortress - Nobles lived around fortresses |
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What did Homer describe in the Iliad?
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The Trojan War
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What is the basic plot of the Odyssey?
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Odisius is punished by Poseidon to roam the seas
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Describe Greek religion
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- Many humanlike gods with special powers
- Polytheistic religion |
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Name five Greek gods and their roles
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Athena - goddess of war
Hera - goddess of birth Zeus - King of gods Aphrodite - goddess of love Demeter - goddess of grains/agriculture |
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Name two Greek festivals
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- Olympics (in honor of Zeus)
- Celebration of Dyonisius (a play) |
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Who were the citizens of the Polis? Who were excluded?
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- The citizens of the Polis were men who owned land
- Slaves and women/children/men with no land |
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How did the economy of the Polis change after the dark ages?
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Everyone forgot how to do things
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How did Tyrannies develop in the Polis?
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- Because people demanded more
- They took over the government |
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Why did Sparta develop a military economy?
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So that they could calm revolts of slaves.
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Decribe the lives of men and women in Spartan society?
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- Men went to war
- Women stayed at house with kids and had more freedom than men |
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Describe Sparta's political system
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- Oligarchy
- Five ephors - Two kings - Assembly of all males |
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What were the accomplishments of the Athenian leader Draco?
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Unified a harsh, uniform code of laws
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What were the accomplishments of the Athenian leader Solon?
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- Put a limit on land ownership
- Promoted trade and industry |
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What were the accomplishments of the Athenian leader Peisistratus?
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Land redistribution
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What were the accomplishments of the Athenian leader Cleisthenes?
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Recognized Athenian government to make it a democracy
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Describe the life of men and women in Athens.
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- Women were not citizens
- Men were educated (poems, math) - Served two years in military |
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What was the significance of the battle of Marathon?
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It stopped Persia from expanding its empire
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Why was the Battle of Salamis significant?
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Because it helped Greece win the Persian war
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Who led Athens' Golden Age?
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Pericles
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What were the causes and the outcome of the Peloponnesian War?
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- Farms destroyed
- Population dropped - Young men left Greece to join Persia - Lost ability to govern |
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Which water bodies surround the mainland of Greece and its small islands?
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- Ionian Sea
- Mediterranean Sea - Aegean Sea |
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Describe Greece's physical features.
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- Low lying, rugged mountains
- Coastal areas good for farming - Short, swift rivers - Harbors along coastlines - Mild climate, rainy winters, cool breezes |
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How did the mountains impact Greek life?
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- Protection from invaders
- Communication was difficult |
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How did proximity to the sea influence Greek life?
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- Fishing
- Jobs as fisherman, traders, pirates - Lots of outside time |
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What were the dates of the Minoan civilization?
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2500-1450 BC
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What were the dates of the Mycenaean civilization?
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1600-1100 BC
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What was the location of the Minoan civilization?
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Asia Minor
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What was the location of the Mycenaean civilization?
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Mainland of Greece
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What was the economy of the Minoan civilization?
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Exported olive oil, wine, metal, pottery
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What was the economy of the Mycenaean civilization?
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Olive oil was chief export
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What was the social structure of the Minoan civilization?
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- Men wore small skirts
- Women wore long skirts - Both genders wore jewelry and styled hair - Female deity |
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What was the social structure of the Mycenaean civilization?
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King, nobles, scribes, tenant farmers, and slaves
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What was the political structure of the Minoan civilization?
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- Bureaucracy
- Kings had less power than Egyptian kings |
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What was the political structure of the Mycenaean civilization?
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- King
- Nobles with estates helped king |
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What was the religion of the Minoans?
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- Female deity
- No big temples - No powerful priests |
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What was the religion of the Mycenaeans?
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- Mother goddess
- More war-like than Minoans - Conquered Knossus in 1450 BC |
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What were the accomplishments of the Minoans?
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- Palace: over six acres and designed as a maze in Knossus
- Sanitation system |
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What were the accomplishments of the Mycenaeans?
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- Shipbuilding
- Metalworking - Sewing;Pottery |
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Vocabulary word: Polis
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- City-state
- Urban area |
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Vocabulary word: Citizen
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- Legal residents
- Took part in government |
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Vocabulary word: Colony
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- Settlement of people outside their homeland
- Government of parent country controls it |
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Vocabulary word: Aristocrat
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People with a higher social standing
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Vocabulary word: Tyrant
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Power of one who seizes power and rules single-handedly
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Vocabulary word: Phalanx
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Rows of foot soldiers using shields to create a wall
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Vocabulary word: Oligarchy
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Power held by a small group of wealthy people
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Vocabulary word: Democracy
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Power held by all citizens
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Who was the Greek god Zeus (Jupiter)
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- Ruler of the gods in the world
- Symbols were Eagle and thunderbolt |
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Who was the Greek god Hera?
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- Zeus' wife
- Goddess of marriage - Symbols were peacock, crown |
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Who was the Greek god Apollo?
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- God of the sun, music, prophesy, and beauty
- Symbols were lyre, arrows, laurel tree |
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Who was the Greek god Aphrodite?
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- Goddess of love
- Mother of Eros - Symbols were doves, seashell |
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Who was the Greek god Athena?
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- Goddess of wisdom and victory in war
- Symbols were shield, helmet, owl, olive branch |
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Why was the Greek goddess Artemis?
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- Twin sister of Apollo
- Goddess of the moon, wildlife, hunting, chastity - Symbols were crescent moon, bow, quiver |
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Describe a Doric column.
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- Sturdy
- The top ("capital") is plain - Used in mainland Greece and the colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily |
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Describe an Ionic column.
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- Thinner and more elegant than the Doric column
- Capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (called a "volute") - This style was found in Eastern Greece and the islands |
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Describe a Corinthian column.
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- Seldom used in Greek world
- Often seen on Roman temples - Capital is very elaborate and decroated with acanthus leaves |
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Compare Sparta to Athens: Polis
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Sparta: Militaristic
Athens: Democratic |
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Compare Sparta to Athens: Government
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Sparta: Oligarchy, two kings, assembly, five Ephors
Athens: Expanded citizenship, Democracy |
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Compare Sparta to Athens: Education
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Sparta: Sickly infants abandoned
Age 7-20 training Age 20: military Age 30: marriage Only boys educated Athens:7-18: school Two years in military Studied Iliad, Odyssey, reading, music, geometry |
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Compare Sparta to Athens: Religion
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Sparta: King as religious leader, many deities
Athens: Athena is goddess of City-State |
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Compare Sparta to Athens: Economy
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Sparta: Military, lagged behind Athens
Athens: Building, public works, trade, industry |
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Compare Sparta to Athens: Women and Slaves
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Sparta: Women had more freedom than in Athens, slaves held revolts
Athens: Women educated in household arts |
