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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Just War
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The reason for going to war needs to be just and cannot therefore be only used to recapture things that have been taken or for punishing people who have done wrong. Exists in Christianity, Judaism and Islam religions. They all preach peace under certain conditions where war is justified.
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Hajj
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the annual pilgrimage as a Muslim you are asked to do it once in your lifetime. Travel to Mecca. Been going on for 14 hundred years. They visited holy sites and learned firsthand the traditions of Islam. Earn a certificate that you have completed the whole thing.
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Sharia
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Islamic holy law which came out of the Quran, which refers to the way that they should live. The Sharia became a way of life.
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Hegira
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Muhammad preached monotheism over polytheism which aroused hostility therefor he left Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D., marking the beginning of the Muslim era.
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Sunni
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The branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad. They were so called “traditionalists”.
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Shia
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is based on the teachings of the Islamic holy book, Quran, and the message of Muhammad. Saw Sunni as corrupt. Supported the appointment of Ali.
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Wahab
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preached that the Muslims had lost their way and they need to go back to strict Islamic practices. He wanted to purify Islam. This began Wahabism
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Francis Xavier
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was a friend of Ignatius. He was dignified and impressive to the Japanese. Jesuit missionary who went to Japan to spread Christianity
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Genghis Kahn
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He founded the Mongol Empire. Major strategy was terror. With out him there would be no Mongolia. He would ask the city to surrender and if they did not he would kill everyone in the city. If the city surrendered he would treat them well, but make them pay taxes. He began raiding the Silk Road and then into China. In the 13th Century
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Kublai Kahn
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(1215-1294) was a Mongolian leader who made an impact on China, not only through conquest, but also by ruling successfully. He established the Yuan Dynasty. Was Genghis Kahn’s grandson. Kublai Khan was the greatest of the Mongol emperors after Genghis Khan. He was a wise ruler and was able to lead a vast empire of nations by adapting different traditions to his own government.
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Feudalism
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relationship between landowners in which the powerful protect the less powerful. All the nobles owed their allegiance to the people above them. There were contracts between the people above and below. A military system in which the entire society was prepared for war. It crashed
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Fief
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A piece of land given by a church and then provide service to the church. Also could be granted by a lord, generally to a vassal in return for a form of allegiance originally to give him the means to fulfill his military duties when called upon.
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Little Ice Age
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(1315-1750) A period of cooling caused by the stopping of sunspots. It went on for 400 years off and on. Farms and villages were destroyed due to growing glaciers. Prices of everything especially grain went up.
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Lay Investitures
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was the appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals
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Great Schism
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two major events in the history of Christianity: the division between the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman) churches, and the period (1378 - 1417) during which the Western church had first two, and later three, lines of popes.
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Medici
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One of the many accomplishments that the Medici family offered in the Renaissance period was when their wealth had first begun. While they ruled the city of Florence they did many incredible acts, such as spending money on their city, and making it the most powerful state in Italy. They also spent some of their wealth on having the largest library in Europe. They founded the Platonic Academy and supported artists by feeding them, educating them, and providing them with the necessities. Some of those artists were Donatello, Michelangelo, and Raphael. The family also did a lot of charitable acts such as cultivating literature and the arts.
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Indulgencies
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pieces of paper. “Get home free ticket” which you can buy. It forgives you for your sins and future sins. Granted by the church after you have confessed
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Council of Trent
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The council was called to examine doctrine and reform. They had three sessions. The first was to examine the doctrine, the second session was called to create more power for the pope, and the third put emphasis on the quality of the clergy,
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Triangular Trade
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Trade between three main ports. First Europe traded supplies with Africa for slaves. The slaves were then taken and traded with the Caribbean and the New World. From there, sugar, rum and cotton were brought back to Europe to complete the triangle. 1700
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Gun Slave Cycle
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African tribes sell "slaves" or captives from other tribes to white traders to get guns and muskets to capture more enemy tribes and so on
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Split Inheritance
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was the process in which a ruler's chosen successor obtained all political power and rights, while the ruler's other male descendants received all the monetary treasures.
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Tenochtitlan
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Founded in 1325. Capital of the Aztec empire, later Mexico City. Located on an island in Lake Texcoco
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Potosi
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mountain of silver in Bolivia. Classical mining boomtown discovered in the 1500’s. Ranges from 1200-1500ft in altitude. Highest temperature was 59 degrees. Nothing really grows up there. By 1650 there were 160 thousand people living there. 14 dance halls, gambling houses, theater, circus animals, fountains spouting wine, bull fights. Huge amounts of silver were produced.
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Privateers
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16th-19th century. private warship authorized by a country's government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping. Privateers were only entitled by their state to attack and rob enemy vessels during wartime.
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Council of Nicea
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The Council of Nicea took place in 325 A.D. by the order of Constantine. At the Council of Nicea, Emperor Constantine presided over a group of Church bishops and leaders with the purpose of defining the true God for all of Christianity and eliminating all the confusion, controversy, and contention within Christ’s church
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Cannon Formation
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Someone decides what you should read. Wanted to bring a steady rule
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Law of retaining Lead
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The most successful societies have problems in changing and retaining their lead in a time of transition due to being stuck in their old ways.
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Mercantilism
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After the decline of feudalism, trading internationally in order to make sure the nation prospers
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Columbian Exchange
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The trans-atlantic exchange of plants, animals and disease that followed European contact with the Americas at the end of the 15th century
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The Great Irony
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The puritans wanted religious freedoms, ironically they prosecuted people who disagreed with them
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