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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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-French Enlightenment Writers, Precursor to Romantic movement
-Confessions: 1 of first autobiographies, intimate details of personal life -believed humans naturally good but became corrupt by society "noble savages" |
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Francisco de Goya
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Spanish painter (Romantic)
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Romantic Music
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-express intense emotional states, positive & negative
-more dynamic (volume) -technological advances: piano |
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Beethoven
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(1770-1827)
-Romantic musician -started out classical -later works (9th symphony) more romantic |
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Chopin
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(1810-1849):
-Romantic musician -shorter pieces for piano |
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William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor coleridge
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(Romantic poets)
-Often known as "Lake poets" -Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Ballads published in 1798 start of Romanticism shift from being clever in poetry to emotion experience etc. |
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Transcendentalism in U.S.
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-Ralph Waldo Emerson
-Henry David Thoreau -simple individual connection with nature -Walt whitman |
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Walt Whitman
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(1819-1892)
One of most important in American poetry -best known work: leaves of grass |
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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-one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy
-18th century British feminist -argues that women ought to have an education instead of being ornaments to society or traded in marriage |
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Olympe De Gouges
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- wrote Declaration of Rights of Woman, 1791
-one of the most articulate women revolutionaries -charged with treason,executed by gullotine in 1793 -"Women wake up..discover your rights" |
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July 14, 1789
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Beginning of French Revolution
-Storming of the Bastille |
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August 1789
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The Declaration of The Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French)
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American Revolutionary War
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1775-1783
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Treaty of Paris
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ended American Revolutionary War in 1783
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Age of Enlightenment
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18th century
-Political, Scientific, and Industrial Revolutions -Questioning of traditional institutions -Rationality and Equality of men -Reason: foundation of progress, freedom, and equality |
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Thomas Hobbes
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17th century English philosopher
-author of Leviathan -State of Nature is a state of war of all against all -competition, distrust, glory -social contract out of fear for your life |
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John Locke
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Second treatise of Government 1689
-based on social contract -not as bad as Hobbes thinks -unsecure, form government to protect rights not just your life -people have the right to revolt |
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Rene Descarte
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-first modern philosopher
-search for clarity and certainty -"I think therefore I am" Cogito ergo sum -Doubt -How do we know we aren't dreaming? etc. |
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30 years war
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(1618-1648)
-one of most destructive religious conflicts -btw. Protestants and Catholics -Habsburg Holy Roman Emperors Ferdinand 2 & 3 vs. Danish Dutch and Bourbon France and Sweden |
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Peace of Westphalia (1648)
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end of 30 yrs war
- citizens were subjected to laws of govt rather than religious powers |
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Antonio Vivaldi
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Baroque composer
-Four Seasons -used Concerto Grosso |
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Concerto Grosso
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musical form consisting of 3 parts, w slow movement between 2 faster ones
dramatic contrast btw solo instrument and orchestra |
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Bernini
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-St. Peter's Square
-Baroque -St. Theresa in Ecstasy, 1652 |
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Bernini's David
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-in motion
-drama |
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chiaroscuro
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bold contrasts between light and dark
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tenebrism
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very intense chiaroscuro violent contrasts of light and dark, emphasis on dark
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Caravaggio
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-used tenebrism
-The Entombment |
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Artemisia Gentileschi
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-Italian early baroque painter very accomplished
-first female to paint historical and religious paintings, heroic |
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Baroque
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style in the 17th century characterized by dynamic movement, overt emotion and drama, in opposition to classical restraint and proportion
-from Portuguese word barocco |
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St. Teresa of Avila
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Spanish mystic, Roman Catholic Saint, writer of the Counter Reformtion
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The Jesuits
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-Soldiers of God
-monastic vows of chastity, obedience, and poverty -Ignatius founded the Jesuits -turned against worldliness of Renaissance |
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Counter Reformation
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-period of Catholic revival and reforms beginning with the council of Trent (1540s-60s)
-Religious art conveying the mysteries of Redemption through realism and emotion |
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Bosch
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-Garden of Earthly Delights:
left: garden of Eden, Adam and Eve center: fruit = symbol Earthly delight right: Hell, musical instruments used as instruments of torture |
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Iconoclasm
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destruction of religious icons and paintings
-reference to the Old Testament prohibition against images and idolatry -dismantled Ghent Alterpiece |
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John Calvin
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-French humanist
-Bible as supreme source of authority -rejected images of Saints & God (led to iconoclasm) -faith > good works -predestination: eternal salvation to the Elect, rest are damned to Hell, don't know which |
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Martin Luther
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-humanist
-1517 95 Theses -against sale of indulgences -95 Theses nailed to the door of the church |
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Erasmus
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The Praise of Folly (1509)
-most important satirical work of the Renaissance, narrator is the folly herself -shows corruption in the church -that the leaders are ignorant of the law |
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Reformation
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-religious revolution of the 16th century
-leaders: Martin Luther & John Calvin -critique of corruption and wealth of church -critique of sale of indulgences -critique of church authority -emphasis on individual faith and direct personal relationship w God |
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The East-West Schism (1054)
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divided medieval Christianity into Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches which later became known as Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church
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Durer
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-Self Portrait, 1500
-German Renaissance artists -resembles earlier representations of Christ -humanism, self representation |
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Hieronymus Bosch
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-Garden of Earthly Delights (1505-10)
-less realism, more symbolism |
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Jan Van Eyck
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-the Ghent Alterpiece, 15th century
-portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife: detail, use of light to evoke space, the mirror in the picture shows the back of the figures |
