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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is indias reputation
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a cradle of religion
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what is indias two major religions
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Hinduism and Buddhism
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what are the highest mountains in the world that are located in the far north of india
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Himalayan and Karakoram mountains
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sophisticated human communities
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harappan civilization
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the two major cities of the Harrapan civilization
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Harappa and mohenjo-daro
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the center of power of the Harrapan civilization is what?
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the city of Harappa
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the Harrapan society was ruled by who?
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landlords and rich merchants
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the Harrapan economy was based on what?
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agriculture
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what was the Harappans' highest artistic achievement
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sculpture
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what was the Harappan writing used primarily for
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to record commercial transactions
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what was the great mystery of the Harappan civilization
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how it came to an end
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what does Mohenjo-Daro mean
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city of the dead
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writing script that was used in the Middle East that the Aryans based their first writing on
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aramaic
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the chieftain, a prince
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raja
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the warrior class
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kshatriya
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kings, great princes
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maharajas
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a set of laws that set behavioral standards for all individuals and classes in indian society
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dharma
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who was the founder of the new state that took the first dynasty after alexander's departure
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chandragupta maurya
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the empier was devided into provinces that were ruled by whom?
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governors
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the provinces were divided into districts that was ruled by whom?
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chief
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the base of the government was called the what?
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village
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the village was governed by whom?
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the council
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what was the hierarchiacal division of siciety
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division of color
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what were the indian classes called
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verna
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what is the first class of the verna
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brahmins, the priestly class
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what is the second class of the verna
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Kshatriya, the warriors
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what does brahmins mean?
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one possessed of brahman
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what does brahman mean
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supreme god in the Hindue religion
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what were the kshatriya occupation
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fighting
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what is the third class of the verna
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vaisya commoner
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a term used to refer to males who had undergone a ceremony at puberty to welcome them into adulthood and introduced into indian society
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twice born
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which class does the twice born belong to
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the vaisya
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what is the fourth class in the verna
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sudras, peasants
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which class represented the great bulk of the indian population
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sudras
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what was the lowest class of the verna
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the untouchables, outcastes
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what does outcast mean
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pariahs
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what is the larger kinship group that is a system of extended families that originated in ancient india
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jati
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what was the most basic unit in society
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family
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who possessed the legal authority in the entire family unit
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the oldest male
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in high-class families young men would be taught by who?
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guru, teacher
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according to the law the women were always considered what?
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a minor
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the most graphic symbol of women's subjection to men was what?
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ritual of sati
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the ritual that required the wife to throw herself on her dead husband's funeral pyre
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sati
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a seasonal wind pattern in southern asia that blows from the southwest during the summer months and from the northeast during the winter
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monsoon
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a set of four collections of hymns and religious cermonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests
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vedas
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what was the primary Aryan god
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indra
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what was a key element in Aryan religious belief in vedic times
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the concept of sacrifice
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the religion that emerged from early indian religious tradition
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hinduism
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the idea that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death and progresses through several existences on the wheel of life until it reaches its final destination in a union with the Great World Soul
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reincarnation
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who is the Great World Soul according to the indian culture
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brahman
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reffering the the early form of Aryan religious tradition
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brahmanism
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one's rebirth in a next life is determined by one's actions in this life
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karma
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the closest to ultimate release from the law of reincarnation
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brahmins
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which animal did hindus think was a sacred beast
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cow
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what is ultimate goal of achieving good karma
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to escape the cycle of existence
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what is the trinity of gods
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brahman, the creator
vishnu, the preserver shiva the destroyer |
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who was the historical founder of buddhism who was a native of a small principality in the foothills of the himalaya mountains
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siddhartha gautama
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metaphysical reality
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nirvana
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the individual soul
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atman
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wisdom that can come from pain and sorrow
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bodhi
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also known as the eightfold way, calls for right knowledge, purpose, speech, conduct, occupation, effort, awaremess, meditation
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middle path
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stone towers housing relics of the buddha
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stupas
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founded by mahavira, resembling buddhism but more extreme in practice
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jainism
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considered the greatest ruler in the history of india
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ashoka
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glorified warfare as the natural activity of the king and the aristocracy
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rule of the fishes
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the earliest known indian literature consists of what
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the four vedas
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the language of the vedas was what
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sanskrit
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replaced the sanskrit language
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prakrit
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what were the great historical epics of india
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mahabharata and the ramayana
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what were the three types of religious structure
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the pillar, the stupa, and the rock chamber
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stone columns that were erected alongside roads to commemorate the events in the buddha's life and mark pilgrim routes
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pillar
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constructed to provide rooms to house monks or wandering ascetics and to serve as halls for religious ceremonies
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rock chambers
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