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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Greece had no _____ _____ like China or Mesopotamia.
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big rivers
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small collection of _____, a lot of _____, no _____ _____, not good _____
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islands, mountains, communication
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Origin of Greek Civilization: _____ Civ (2200-1450 BCE) Started on _____ Island.
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Minoan, Crete, Knossos
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Volcanic eruption on _____ (Utopia Island, _____?) 1628 BCE
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Thera, Atlantis
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Excavation of Royal Palace at _____, discovered by _____ _____ in 1900 AD. Greeks had _____ _____ by 2000 BCE, very powerful _____ gov't
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Arthur Evans, Bronze Age, central
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_____ (mainland Greeks) conquered _____ in 1450 BC, discovered by _____ _____ in 1870s (he wasn't a _____ archaeologist)
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Mycenean, Knossos, Heinrich Shliemann, professional
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1100 BC, invasion from the _____. _____ pushed Aeolian Greece and Ionian Greeks, this caused a _____ _____.
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North, Doriaro, "Dark Age"
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Early influence on Greek art- _____ and _____, the Sphinx + the Assyrian winged bull= Greek Naysos Sphinx. Learned to construct ships from _____. Took _____ _____ from other civs and copied them. first boats very _____ only room for _____ _____.
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Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phoenicians, best parts, small, one person
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Early Hellenic Civ (1150-500 BC) the _____ (city states). _____ and _____ unit in Greece. Was in ____ and ____
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Polis, political, cultural, Athens and Sparta
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4 types of gov't found in Polis: _____(king or queen), _____(noble landowners with military power), _____(tyrants, powerful elites from business class), _____(gov by people)
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monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy
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founding Athenian Democracy: council among _____ _____ and _____; challenged from ___BC, no longer met. increased _____ between rich and poor as ____ trade _____. _____ ted politics. _____ rebelled against them by 6th century calling for a _____.
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free farmers and aristocrats, 700s, gap, Greek, expanded, Tyrants, farmers, reform.
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Reforms: _____(640-560 BC) --> 594 BC canceled all _____, prohibits ____ for such debts.
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Solon, debts, slavery
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Reforms: _____ in 560 BCE continued the reforms (_____ reforms). Son of _____ attempted to restore _____- _____ rebelled (led by _____) and ended tyranny in 510 BC
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Pisistratus, land, Pisistratus, monarchy, Athenians, Cleisthenes
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(Reforms) _____ seized power in 508 BC, founder of Athenian _____, creates _____ of 500 as popular assembly.
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Cleisthenes, democracy, council
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Athens had a _____ democracy. _____- pushing out potential tyrants
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direct, ostracism
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Persian Wars: _____ Greek cities in West _____ _____- rebelled against Persia's control 499-495 BC, _____ assisted
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Ionian, Asia Minor, Athens
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(Persian Wars) _____ I (Persian King) seeked revenge by attacking _____ (mainland Greeks) Battle of _____. Who won this battle?
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Darius, Athens, Marathon, Athens
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(Battle of Marathon) _____ vs _____. Persians had (#) _____ military men, wanted to _____ all Greeks, Persian King _____ (Darius's I son) seeks for revenge
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Athens vs Persia, 200,000, infantry, enslave, Xerxes
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(Persian Wars) Battle of _____ in 480 BC ((#) _____ vs _____ army)
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Thermopylae, 300 Spartans vs Persian
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(Persian Wars) Battle of _____. 300 Spartan army holds off the Persian military at _____ _____ for (how many days?) until not one _____ warrior is left standing
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Thermopylae, mountain pass, 2 days, Greek
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(Persian Wars) Battle of _____ in 480 BC. The Oracle of _____- Only the wooden _____ will not fall. Discovery of _____ mine in 483 BC
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Salarris, Delphi, walls, silver
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(Battle of Salarris) Greek _____- secret to _____'s success. Could go __ mph tops, ____ oars, ____ fleet.
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Triremes, Athen's, 9, 170, 121
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(Battle of Salarris) Persians (_____ infantry forces and ____ naval ships), Athenian leader _____ ordered _____ of Athens, plan to fight at narrow _____ between _____ and Athens.
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150,000, 700, Thermstoeles, evacuation, beachhead, Salarris
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____ League (Athen's military alliance against _____, formed 478-477 BC). Even after the war, Athens continued to ____ the league and forbids any ____ to withdraw. Rival with _____ (Athens was building an _____)
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Delian, Persia, control, state, Sparta, empire
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(Spartan Society) ____ ____- pock in blood, vinegar, and salt. This is what Spartan _____ ate. Very ____ society, they wore red so the enemy could not see _____
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black soup, warriors, strict, blood
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______ War 431-404 BC. Sparta and allies vs Athens and allies. Athens under _____ conflicted with ____ (a Sparta ally) ____ in 429 BC takes Pericles' life. ____ defeats ____ with Persian's help 404 BC. Continuous _____ war among Greeks. ______'s conquest (_____, Alexander the Great's father)
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Peloponnesian, Pericles, Corinth, plague, Spartans, Athens, civil, Macedonian's, Philip
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Hellenic Culture
Philosophy- the ____ of ____. Pre-Socratic Philosophy: interested in ____ and ____ of physical world. ____ of Miletus, first philosopher 600 BC, concept of ___ in the universe |
love of wisdom, origin, nature, Thales, law
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(Philosophers) _____- theory of natural evolution of species.
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Anaximander
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(Philosophers) _____- founder of scientific medicine. first great empiricist in ____ sciences. Wondered why humans become sick- didn't look to ____ for explanation, looked at things _____, if you got sick it was from a _____ _____ instead of ______ from gods.
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Hippocrates, natural, gods, scientifically, natural cause, punishment
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(Philosophers) ______- first one who focused on questions of ethics. _____ and _____. didn't care about appearance, only knowledge, they thought he was poisoning the _____ Greek minds, was found guilty and died by _____ _____. Socratic method- idea of _____-_____. _____ you know not ____ you know.
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Socrates, truth, rationality, young, drinking poison, self-criticism, how, what
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_____- Socrates' Pupil. wrote "_____". importance of _____. Set up _____, divides society into 3 classes- ____, _____, and _____ (should rule), _____- Plato's pupil. wrote "_____", "_____", and "_____". Favored ____ system.
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Plato, "Republic", reason, academy, workers, soldiers, philosophers, Aristotle, "Politics", "Physics", and "Metaphysics", monarchy
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(Greek religion) ____- father God, _____- wife of this god, _____- god of the sea, _____- god of the sun, _____- goddess of fertility, _____- goddess of war, Parthenon for _____, constructed after the victory of Persian Wars by ______, made of ___ _____
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Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Apollo, Demeter, Athena, Athena, Pericles, white marble
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(Greek Society) ____ common (no ____ _____), most Greek women excluded from _____ and _____, legally _____ to men, limited _____ (Spartans women were ____ and ____)
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slavery, civil rights, politics, economy, inferior, citizenship, free and equal
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____ _____- began as religious observance, open to all men, sacred, dedicated to _____
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Olympic games, Zeus
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Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) _____ Period. _____- his mother, _____ II of Macedonia- his father. ____ conquered Greece in 338 BC, death of him in 336 BC, Alexander becomes King of _____, started Persian ____ in 334 BC, assassinated by one of his ____ _____, conspiracy against King _____, he was getting married to new pregnant wife. _____ would not become king if this happened. Alexander's ______ might have hired assassin.
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Hellenistic, Olympias, Phillip, Philip, Macedonia, campaign, body guards, Philip, Alexander, mother
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(Alexander the Great) Gordium Knot at temple in Gordium, anybody who can ____ it can become ____ of the ____. Alexander _____ the knot.
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untie, ruler of the world, cut
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(Alexander the Great) Battle of _____, fall of 333 BC, encounter Persian King _____ III (_____ vs _____) Who won? After Issus, Alexander takes detour to ____, founded _____, wanted to visit shrine.
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Issus, Darius, Persians vs Macedonians, Macedonians won, Egypt, Alexandria
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(Alexander the Great and Alexandria) built one of the largest _____, center of ____ and _____, worshiped god _____ in Libilya, oracle said Alexander is the son of _____
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libraries, commerce and culture, Zeus, God
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(Alexander the Great) 331 BC battle at _____ (near Babylon), Alexander overtook _____, death of ____ 330 BC, already dead when Alexander caught up with him, Alexander arranged a great ____ for him (showed that he had respect even for his enemies)
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Gaugameela, Babylon, Darius III, funeral
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(Alexander the great) campaign in Northern _____ 327 BC, Alexander died in his return to ____ in 323 BC, Alexander's idea- unification between ____ and _____, effective _____ (standardized ____, military power to ____ and _____ while administrative power to _____)
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India, Babylon, East and West, administration, coinage, Macedonians and Greeks, Persians
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(Alexander the Great) tolerant to different _____ and ____, he ____ them. strongly influenced by ____ culture. angered ____ subjects. Married Persian ______'s daughter and tried to _____ Persian culture on Greeks.
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cultuers and religions, respected, Persian, Macedonian, General's, enforce
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(Alexander the Great) slays his life saver, ____ 328 BCE, Alexander was an ____ and was violent, was drinking with ____, he started criticizing Alexander about him liking ____ culture, Alexander got extremely angry, so he killed him. Alexander was _____ and he tries to ____ his ___ ____, grieved for the next __ days. trial found Cleitus _____ of _____, so he deserved to die.
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Cleitus, alcoholic, Cleitus, Persian, ashamed, take his own life, 3, guilty of treason
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(Alexander the great) Died of _____ possibly. death of another _____, lost motivation for _____, some believed he damaged his _____ from ____ too much. he was ___ or ___.
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malaria, friend, battle, liver, drinking, 32, 33
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(Alexander's Legacy) led his army _____ miles without ____ a single battle. did not _____ conquered people. ____ interaction between East and West, admired by ___ ____ and _____ and other great generals.
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22,000, losing, enslave, cultural, Julius Caesar and Napoleon
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(After Alexander's death) his empire was divided into __ _____, Egypt was controlled by ____, Persia-____, Macedonia-_____, Hellenic civilization means ___ ______ or _____ _____
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3 kingdoms, Ptolemy, Seleuicd, Antigonid, like Greeks or imitating Greeks
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(After Alexander's Death) philosophers interested in ____ of ____, ____ and ____ (first philosopher)- completely different from Buddhism. Life should be a _____, political ____ and ____, Storcism of ____ (used to be a slave), emphasized the ____ of _____, need to ___ others, all are ____
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peace of mind, Epicureanism and Epicurus, pleasure, indifference and withdrawal, Zeno, brotherhood of man, serve, equal
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(After Alexander's death) Mathematics and Sciences: ____ and ___ wrote of geometry, ____ argued that the earth was round and accurately calculated its circumference, ____ applied principles of physics to make practical inventions
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Pythagoras and Euclid, Aristarchus, Eratosthenes, Archimedes
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Alexander and the 7 wonders of the world- lighhouse at ____ built in 279 BC, ___ of ___ 280 BC in Greece, ____ of _____ in 353 BC, ___ of ____ 430 BC, Temple of _____ at Ephesus 555 BC, ____ ____ of ____ 600 BC, ____ ___ of ____ 7270 BC
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Alexandria, Colossus of Rhodes, Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, Satue of Zeus, Temple of Diana, Hanging Garden of Babylon, Great Pyramid at Giza
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Civilization in Rome: Roman myth- city was founded by orphaned brothers ___ and _____; Roman people- ___-_____ migrated to Italy around 1000 BC but by 750 BC Rome was ruled by _____.
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Romulus and Remus, Indo-Europeans, Etruscans
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Etruscan King rule in Rome 750 BC- 509 BC, local Romans ___ in 510 BC, founded Roman _____, _____ (Etruscan rule) 750-509 BC, Roman ______ 510-31 BC, Roman ____ 27 BC-180 AD
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rebelled, Republic, monarchy, republic, empire
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Roman Society and its political system: _____(upper class, 5% of population), ____ (commoners, 90% of population), ____ Senators elected for ____- Patricians, __ consuls- _ year term (can elect a ____ in emergency for 6 months), Tribunes- from the ____- have ___ power.
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Patricians, Plebeians, 600, life, 2, 1, dictator, Plebs, veto
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Roman Army: Roman _____- infantry units of 5000 men (what kind of men?) they had no ____, had to purchase weapons _____, persistent ___ to win. Tolerant ___ once conquered, granted _____, Expansion of Rome- conflict with _____ (largest and richest nation in West _____) ____ Wars- war between ___ and ____
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Legion, peasants, salary, themselves, will, rule, citizenship, Carthage, Mediterranean, Punic, Carthage and Rome
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First Punic War 264-241 BC, ____ defeated _____, ____ becomes Roman province
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Romans, Carthage, Sicily
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Second Punic War 218-201 BC, ____ vowed to get revenge, _____ the Great was the Carthage General, he aimed to bring the war _____. Battle at _____ in 216 BC, General ____ (Rome) attacked back Carthage itself, battle at _____ 202 BC, ____ ____ between Carthage and Rome in 201 BC
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Carthage, Hannibal, home, Cannae, Sciplo, Zama, peace treaty
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Third Punic War 149-146 BC, ___ called for the complete destruction of ____, ___ the Elder a Paranoid Patriot? He said ___ must be destroyed.
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Romans, Carthage, Cato, Carthage
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Destruction of Carthage in ____ BC, economic impact of Punic wars- ____ expansion brought about a huge ___ between rich and the poor, ___ rebelled calling for reform
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146, Roman, gap, peasants
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Reformers: ___ ___ and ___ ___- both failed due to ____'s opposition. First one tried to redistribute ____ to poor from nobles, he was assassinated.
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Tiberius Gracchus and Galus Gracchus, Senate's, land
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Period of Civil War in Rome: ____- set up first professional army, ____- dictator (killed previous), _____- military hero 71 BC conquered _____, _____- richest man in Rome, controlled slave rebellion
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Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Crassus
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The first Triumvirate (___ and ____ coalition)- consisted of ____, ____, and ___ _____ 60 BC
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political and military, Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar
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Julius Caesar: 59 BC he became elected ____ against optimate faction, 58 BC he left Rome for ____ (France), 55 BC coalition with ____ strained, 51 BC conquest of ____ completed, wrote "___ ___ ___", the optimates in ____ cut Caesar's term.
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consul, Gaul, Pompey, Gaul, "The Gallic Wars", Rome
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(Caesar) 49 BC Caesar crossed ____ River, 48 BC Battle between Caesar and ____, October 48 BC Caesar landed in _____ in Egypt searching for ____
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Robican, Pompey, Alexandria, Pompey
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Caesar and Cleopatra: 47 BC Julius Caesar established ____ with Egypt, 47 BC Augustus Caesar in __ ____, 44 BC ____ for all life (challenged to the ___ of _____?) 44 BC March assassinated by _____. Was murdered in the ___ ____.
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alliance, Asia Minor, dictator, spirit, Republic, Brutus, Senate House
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(Caesar) coin minted by ____: back: the ___ of ____ (March 15th 44 BC), ____- symbolized the murder of Julius Caesar, ____- given to slaves upon their freedom.
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Brutus, Ides of March, daggers, cap
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After Caesar's Death: Second Triumvirate- _____, _____, and ___ ____. Autumn 32 BC ____ provoked war against ____. charged ____ who sided with Antony. Battle of ____ 31 BC. ___ beaten by ____'s army.
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Octavian, Lepidus, Mark Antony, Octavian, Antony, Cleopatra, Actium, Antony, Octavian's
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_____ claimed Egypt 30 BC (____ commits suicide) ____ kills herself with poisonous snake.
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Octavian, Antony, Cleopatra
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The Augustan Age (____ ____) _____ took title as Augustus Caesar in 27 BC. Mass ____ army. public ____ to create more jobs for poor.
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Roman Empire, Octavian, Roman, construction
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The Early Empire (___-____ BC) ____ (Augustus' step son), ____- Claudian successors, bad emperors (ex- ___ and ____)
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14 BC- 180 AD, Tiberius, Julio, Caligula, Nero
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Roman Society: status of women- early _____ (age __ or __), divorce was ____, gladiatorial games started in ___ BC (possibly by _____) ended in 404 AD
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marriage, 13 or 14, acceptable, 264 BC, Etruscans
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Slavery: Roman ____ depended on slave labor, slave rebellion by ____ (gladiator) in 73 BC
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economy, Spartacus
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Age of Barrack Emperors: ____ (r 284-305 AD), he reorganized ____ structure and revised ___ system, divided __ and ____, _____ (r 312-337 AD), set up second ____ at Constantinople, Adoption of ____, 434 invasion of ____, ____'s campaign to Europe, ____'s campaign triggered ___ invasion to Roman Empire
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Diocletian, administration, tax, East and West, Constantine, capital, Christianity, Hun, Attila's, Attila's, Germanic
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(Caesar) 49 BC Caesar crossed ____ River, 48 BC Battle between Caesar and ____, October 48 BC Caesar landed in _____ in Egypt searching for ____
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Robican, Pompey, Alexandria, Pompey
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Caesar and Cleopatra: 47 BC Julius Caesar established ____ with Egypt, 47 BC Augustus Caesar in __ ____, 44 BC ____ for all life (challenged to the ___ of _____?) 44 BC March assassinated by _____. Was murdered in the ___ ____.
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alliance, Asia Minor, dictator, spirit, Republic, Brutus, Senate House
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(Caesar) coin minted by ____: back: the ___ of ____ (March 15th 44 BC), ____- symbolized the murder of Julius Caesar, ____- given to slaves upon their freedom.
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Brutus, Ides of March, daggers, cap
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After Caesar's Death: Second Triumvirate- _____, _____, and ___ ____. Autumn 32 BC ____ provoked war against ____. charged ____ who sided with Antony. Battle of ____ 31 BC. ___ beaten by ____'s army.
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Octavian, Lepidus, Mark Antony, Octavian, Antony, Cleopatra, Actium, Antony, Octavian's
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_____ claimed Egypt 30 BC (____ commits suicide) ____ kills herself with poisonous snake.
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Octavian, Antony, Cleopatra
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The Augustan Age (____ ____) _____ took title as Augustus Caesar in 27 BC. Mass ____ army. public ____ to create more jobs for poor.
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Roman Empire, Octavian, Roman, construction
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The Early Empire (___-____ BC) ____ (Augustus' step son), ____- Claudian successors, bad emperors (ex- ___ and ____)
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14 BC- 180 AD, Tiberius, Julio, Caligula, Nero
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Roman Society: status of women- early _____ (age __ or __), divorce was ____, gladiatorial games started in ___ BC (possibly by _____) ended in 404 AD
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marriage, 13 or 14, acceptable, 264 BC, Etruscans
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Slavery: Roman ____ depended on slave labor, slave rebellion by ____ (gladiator) in 73 BC
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economy, Spartacus
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Age of Barrack Emperors: ____ (r 284-305 AD), he reorganized ____ structure and revised ___ system, divided __ and ____, _____ (r 312-337 AD), set up second ____ at Constantinople, Adoption of ____, 434 invasion of ____, ____'s campaign to Europe, ____'s campaign triggered ___ invasion to Roman Empire. This invasion ended in ____ AD
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Diocletian, administration, tax, East and West, Constantine, capital, Christianity, Hun, Attila's, Attila's, Germanic, 476 AD
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Development of Christianity: by 6 AD, old ____ kingdom of Judah became ____ ____. The ____- revolted against Rome, Jewish War 67-71 AD
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Jewish, Roman Province, Zealots
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(Christianity) ____- Roman Gods and Goddesses, ____- goddess of women, ____, ____- god of war, ____, ____- patron deity of Rome.
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Greco, Juno, Artemis, Minerva, Mars, Jupiter
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Jesus of Nazareth 6 AD- 29 AD: presented ___ concepts- ___, ___ and ___ ____, seen as a potential ___ by Romans, _____
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ethical, humility, charity, brotherly love, revolutionary, crucifixion
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Resurrection of Jesus: ___ of Tarsus 5-67 AD, Spread Christianity to ___ ___ as well, used to be a ____ of Christians, taught that Jesus was the ____, wrote the ___ ____.
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Paul, non-Jaws, persecutor, Savior, New Testament
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Roman's ____ of Christianity, appeal of Christianity- ____, ___ and ____, ____ of _____, ___ to _____.
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persecution, universality, hope and optimism, spirit of mutuality, appeal to idealism
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Conversion of Roman Emperor: _____, in 313, issued the ___ of ____- officially tolerating Chrsitianity and end prosecution. ____ 378-395 Christianity was made into the ___ ___ of Roman Empire
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Constantine, Edict of Milan, Theodosius, official religion
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Early Christian Organization: ____ appoint ____, ____ succession (Bishop of Rome as successor of ____), council of ____- defines theology + administration, Roman emperor Constantine ___ on his death bed
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Bishop, priests, Petrine, Peter, Nicaea, baptized
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Greek geography vs Rome geography
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mountains sea, isolated
center of Italy, prone to invasions |
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Greek expansion vs Rome expansion
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Polis system, limited expansion
easily done |
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Greek citizenship vs Roman citizenship
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restricted
given |
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Greek empire and building vs Roman empire and building
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none
done without much trouble |
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Greek military power vs Roman military power
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navy major power
army (Legions on land) |
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Greek political system vs Roman political system
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monarchy---> aristocracy---> oligarchy---> democracy
monarchy---> Republic (Senate)---> imperial system (Emperor) |
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Greek wars vs Roman wars
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Persians, Macedonians, Romans
Carthage (Punic Wars) |
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Romans laster longer than the Greeks because of their ___, strong ____ ____, ____ ___, and _____
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laws, strong central gov't, military power, territory
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