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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Harrappan and Mohenjo-Daro
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- First major cities in India
- 2 major cities in India - no written political order - still considered "sophisticated; walls, housing, districts - larger than Mesopotamia - exactly the same;built |
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Civic sophistication
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- walls = defense
- citadels = military - grainery = pop. growth - markets = economy - res. dist. = occupied space |
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Varna
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Caste System
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Vedas
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- poems & songs
- shared orally - religious in nature - way to track history - |
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Aryan Religious Beliefs
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- Religion is reflected in the Rig Veda
- polytheistic -involved ritual sacrifices |
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Dravidian Religious Beliefs
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- spin off Aryan culture/ religion
- everyone was part of a universal soul called Brahman |
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Upanishads
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- Samsara =reincarnation
- Karma = reflection of your behavior on earth - Moksha = Deep, dreamless sleep of permanent liberation; Eternal ecstasy - 1,000 BCE; merged w/ Caste |
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Samsara
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once you die your sols goes to the fathers and goes back to return into reincarnation
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karma
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is your behavior; it’s your morality; you chose by how you live through your actions
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Loess soil
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- Soil in the river is easy to cultivate
- Fertile - easily worked - rice, wheat, barely, millet |
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Chinas sorrow
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another name for the Yellow River since it always floods.
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Yangshao society
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- 5,000 BCE
- small village society |
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Banpo Village
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-discovered in 1952
- was self governed - had it's own infrastructure projects - irrigation - own govermnet |
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Shang Oracle Bones
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- Discovered in 1890’s
- Writings on shoulder blades of sheep - Turtle shells Diviners for Shang elite - example of early Chinese Writing |
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Mandate of Heaven
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- Divine power given to ruler; ruler born into it; right to rule
- As long as he took café of people - If they forget my mandate (benevolent leader); mandate lost, people have the right to rebel |
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Period of the Warring States
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- 403-221 BCE
- it was as search for Ideal order |
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Confucius and his ideas
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- Action based
- individuals should become Junzi = superior man - Analects - Book written by his diciples - Moral, ethical, and political character would ease chaos - 3 values - Ren, Li, Xiao |
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Daoism
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- we can bring peace to the cosmos
– all power an peaceful at the same time; does everything and nothing all at once |
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Legalism
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- Laws > than ritual, custom, education or propriety
- Strict laws =‘s Collective responsibility - unpopular but effective - ended warring states period |
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Junzi
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-superior man
- defined as educated by reading documents, psalms, rights, and believe in his primary values - believed in 3 primary values - Ren, Li, Xiao |
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Analects
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- Book written by Confucius's disciples
- Moral, ethical, and political character would ease chaos - Three values - Ren, Li, Xiao |
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Book of Songs
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?
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Book of History
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?
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Book of Rites
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?
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Mencius
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believed everyone was good and born benevolent
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Ren
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Benevolence = kindness to others
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Li
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treat everyone with respect
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Xiao
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Filial (family) piety; you have respect to the elders in the families
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Xunzi
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?
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Daodejing
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- Classic of the Way and of Virtue
- Where Laozi & Zhuangzi philosophy is written |
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Zhuangzi
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- has self titled book
- Daoist - |
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Wuwei
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- Passive based
- Give up active pursuance of gain - You can passively exist &everything you need will be provided for you - Spend time in meditation; no medication - we don’t need to fight |
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Qin dynasty
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- Re-unifier of China
- Beginnings of Great Wall of China - Criticism of strict legalist doctrine - Standardized - Laws, Currency, Weights and measure |
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Qin Shihuangdi
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Ruler in Qin Dynasty who created these soldiers he had them built in order to protect him from spirits
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Han dynasty
before |
Before- restored order to China
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Han Wudi
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- Established Imperial University; 124 BCE
- prepped men for gvmnt services - Confucian curriculum - Legalist government kept confucianism alive |
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Great Wall of China
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- built as a form of defense from nomadic peoples
- built from packed earth |
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Aryans
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- came in at decline of Harrappan Soc.
- post 1900 BCE -noble, came through Hindu Kush - herders - came due to shortage of food and forrest |
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Mauryan dynasty
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- 268-232 BCE
- Ashoka was a G-son of Chandagrupa - Empire included all of India - Most successful ruler;most inclusive ruler |
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Chandragupta
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- 321-185 BCE
- Over throws Magadha Rulers;establishes Mauryan E. - Created one unified Indian empire |
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Ashoka
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- G-son of Chandagrupa
- high point of rule - 268-232 BCE - Expanded E. to all India except South - poilcy will help expand economy - roads = distro of trade, military, law, food |
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Gupta dynasty
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- based in Magadha
- 320 CE - slightly smaler than Mauryan E. - less "hands on" than Mauryan Dynasty - regional gov., taxes were a must |
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Chandra Gupta
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- founded Gupta Dynasty
- not related to Chandragupta Mauryan - |
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Kushans
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- regional kingdom
- N. India - Cen. Asia - 1-300 CE - maintained Silk Road |
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Four Main Castes
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• Brahmins = priest and most revered
• Kshatriyas = warriors and aristocrats • Vaishayas = artisans, cultivator, merchants, traders - Shudras = Landless peasants; bound by occupation |
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Jati
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- Caste sub-group
- Determined by specialization of labor Occupation Soon defined whole life Marriage Welfare Self-governing Future of children |
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Jainism
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- religion born out of resentment of caste
- taught by Vardhamana Mahavira - Emphasis on selfless living, concern for all beings |
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Mahavira
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?
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Ahisma
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- Principle of extreme non-violence
- Ahimsa continues to inspire modern movements (Ghandi, Martin Luther King Jr.) - Taught that everything has soul - Purification comes from extreme non-violence |
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Buddhism
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- Siddhartha Gautama, c. 563-483 BCE
- Encountered age, sickness, death, then monastic life - Abandoned comfortable life to become a monk |
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Siddhartha guatama
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Founder of Buddhism
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Four Noble Truths
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all life is suffering
there is an end to suffering removing desire removes suffering; eliminate the desire eliminates suffering this may be done through the eight-fold path |
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8 Fold Path
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- Call for leading a balanced and moderate life
- Reject luxury seek the right way or goodness - Have the right (correct) views of life - only speak with kindness - Act morally and ethically - Take up the right occupation or likelihood; - Give the right effort - Make time for reflection |
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Mahayana Buddhism
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- newer development
- India, China, Japan, Korea, central Asia |
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Boddhisatvas
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- Saints
- made charitable donations to monastaries |
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Hinduism
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- Gradually replaced Buddhism in India
- Gupta dynastic leaders extend considerable support |
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Mahabharata
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Composition of epics from older oral traditions
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Vishnu
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?
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Ramayana
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As part of Hinduism these were a composition of epics from older oral traditions
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Bhagavad gita
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- “Song of the Lord”
- Centuries of revisions, final form c. 400 CE - Dialogue between warrior and driver |
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Dharma
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Emphasis on meeting class obligations
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Artha
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Pursuit of economic well-being and honesty
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Kama
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Enjoyment of social, physical and sexual pleasure
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Moksha
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Salvation of the soul
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Han dynasty
after |
- Administrative centralization & centralized imperial rule
- Bureaucratic government - Levied taxes for public works |
