World After 1945

Front 1

imperialism*

Back 1

Before 1945 - 70% of world's population under colonial administration
2nd wave (late 19th century) - due to superior technology and material/military power, driven by economic goals and nationalist (pride)
collapsed quickly after 1945

Front 2

capitalism

Back 2

economic sufficiency and individual liberty
free market, competition

Front 3

Marxism

Back 3

(p 18) critique of capitalism, theory of revolution and unity

Front 4

nationalism

Back 4

more influencial/powerful than ever after 1945
-drove US to stand up to communist challenge
-obstacle to European supranational integration

Front 5

Nehru

Back 5

India's first prime minister, agreed to the creation of Pakistan, leading figure in the Indian independence movement, socialist background, concern for social justice, support for parliamentary democracy

Front 6

Lenin

Back 6

-Bolshevik Revolution-
emphasized unity and revolution to accelarate the success of socialism

Front 7

Cominform*

Back 7

founded in 1947, dissolved in 1956
official forum of the international communist movement
purpose to to coordinate actions between Communist parties under Soviet direction
a tool of Soviet foreign policy and Stalinism

Front 8

Nomenklatura

Back 8

entrenched, privileged class generated by Stalinism - consisted of top Communist Party members, bureaucracy, and military
special access to housing, medical care, consumer goods, etc

Front 9

Truman Doctrine*

Back 9

1947 proposal for aid to Greece and Turkey
stand against communism via strengthening and rebuilding of Eastern European countries

Front 10

McCarthy*

Back 10

Early 1950's
Republican senator launched campaign of accusations of communist subversion
became symbol of the period's paranoia and hysteria

Front 11

Korean War

Back 11

1950-1953
-China intervened on Soviet side
-Truman used UN on US side
-first of cold War's limited wars in third world

Hint 11

see review notes

Front 12

Kennan*

Back 12

Soviet analyst
-essay in 1946 introduced idea of "containment"
-encourage US to stand forcefully against Soviet expansion

Front 13

Keynesian Economics

Back 13

British philosopher
-economic efficiency and individual liberty are important, but oversight and occasional intervention, along with social justice, are necessary

Front 14

Bretton Woods *

Back 14

1844 international conference
-changed from gold standard to US dollar
-lead by America and Britain (Keynes and White) to structure flow of post-war international economy

Front 15

Keiretsu*

Back 15

-set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings
-replaced large family-controlled vertical monopolies called zaibatsu after World War II
-SIGNIFICANCE????

Front 16

Christian Democrats

Back 16

-centrist conservative movement in Europe
-SIGNIFICANCE????

Front 17

Adanauer

Back 17

-became chancellor in West Germany in 1949 in first post-war elections

Front 18

Coca-Colonization*

Back 18

-spread of American consumerism patterns
-Coca-cola became a symbol of international expansion of American popular culture
-SIGNIFICANCE?

Front 19

Neo-colonialism

Back 19

-mother country backs off, country sort of independent but still very influenced by the interests of the more powerful country

Front 20

Maoism

Back 20

-revolutionary struggle of the vast majority of people against the exploiting classes and their state structures

Front 21

Vietminh*

Back 21

Ho Chi Minh's united-front revolutionary organization
-organized and lead by the Communist Party
-only organized anti-French and Japanese organization
-took power in 1945 in August Revolution and established independent Vietnamese state
-fought against France/Japan in first Indochina war (1946-1954)j

Front 22

Indian National Congress *

Back 22

-formed soon after British colonization (1885)
-mostly educated, higher class
-nationalism/self-determination
-Gandhi symbolic head, unquestioned leader among Hindus

Front 23

Huk Rebellion

Back 23

anti-japanese army in the phillipines
-backed by Communist Party, unsuccessful

Front 24

Lopez Family

Back 24

wealty family in Phillipines, powerful in business and in government

Front 25

Ladino*

Back 25

***

Front 26

Good Neighbor Policy

Back 26

-foreign policy of the administration of United States President Franklin Roosevelt toward the countries of Latin America
-opposition to armed intervention

Front 27

July 26 movement

Back 27

revolutionary organization planned and led by Fidel Castro that in 1959 overthrew the Fulgencio Batista government in Cuba

Front 28

Bay of Pigs

Back 28

an unsuccessful attempt by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba with support from US government armed forces, to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro

Front 29

Pan-Africanism*

Back 29

-movement for a politically united Africa
-**** RDA and IOM?

Front 30

Commodity Agriculture

Back 30

*****

Front 31

Mossadeq*

Back 31

-prime minister, reform nationalist in Iran
-rose to power in 1952
-resisted British influence
-supporters = National Front, mostly urban and lower classes
-nationalized oil industry, angering Britain and greatly reducing their political and economic power, Truman sided with Britain in boycott

Front 32

Suez Canal Crisis

Back 32

attack followed Egypt's decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the Suez Canal, after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the United States to fund the building of the Aswan Dam, which was in response to Egypt recognizing the People's Republic of China during the height of tensions between China and Taiwan

Front 33

De-stalinization*

Back 33

Destalinization and the "Thaw"
• Competition with West
• De-Stalinization (step 1)
→ Remove statues (over 100,000), body from red square, other symbols of Stalin era
→ Completely altered image of regime
→ Period of great change
• Liberalization (step 2)
→ Liberalize at home to promote intellectuals, increase competition with the West
→ Increase in arts, increase in confidence of Soviet people, individualism
→ Open literary environment - exposed Stalin's brutality (still censorship, but not as much)
→ STILL COMMUNIST - wants system that can compete with capitalist countries
→ Still not a free, uncensored society
• Modernization (step 3)
→ Reform industry - consumer goods
→ Collectivize AND modernize agriculture, apply new fertilizers, scientific advances
• WARSAW PACT
→ Military alliance among satellite nations along the lines of NATO
• Focused on competition, but abandoned idea that war with U.S. was inevitable - peaceful coexistence

Front 34

Peaceful Coexistence

Back 34

idea that two countries could have differing opinions but nuclear war would result in the destruction of human kind

Front 35

Front Liberation National*

Back 35

********

Front 36

Euro-Communism

Back 36

trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties to develop a theory and practice of social transformation that was more relevant in a Western European democracy and less aligned to the influence or control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Front 37

Cuban Missile Crisis*

Back 37

-confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba in October 1962
-crisis ranks with the Berlin Blockade as one of the major confrontations of the Cold War, and is generally regarded as the moment in which the Cold War came closest to a nuclear war
-Kennedy and Khrushchev
-Kennedy secretly agreed to remove all missiles set in Turkey on the border of the Soviet Union in exchange for Khrushchev removing all missiles in Cuba
-US agreed to stay away from Cuba

Front 38

Military industrial complex

Back 38

******

Front 39

Great Leap Forward*

Back 39

-economic and social plan used from 1958 to 1961, aimed to change China to a modern communist society through the process of agriculturalization and industrialization
-Mao Zedong
-failed, ended in famine and widespread poverty
-100 Flower Campaign, Theory of Productive forces (production before redistribution)

Front 40

Cultural Revolution*

Back 40

-period of widespread social and political upheaval in the People’s Republic of China between 1966 and 1976, resulting in nation-wide chaos and economic disarray
-Mao's little Red Book
-out with the old, in with the new
-Anti revisionism - people like Khr. and Soviets, people willing to let economy grow on small scale

Front 41

Welfare Capitalism*

Back 41

-combination of a capitalist economic system with a welfare state
-??????????????

Front 42

Guided Capitalism

Back 42

***************

Front 43

Import Substitution

Back 43

trade and economic policy based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products

Front 44

ECSC

Back 44

-a six-nation international organisation serving to unify Western Europe during the Cold War and create the foundation for European democracy and the modern-day developments of the European Union
-the first organisation to be based on the principles of supranationalism