Workshop-Clinical Psychology Notes

Front 1

Axis I holds what dx. categories?

Back 1

Clinical disorders (almost all mental disorders and "other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention". ex. marital, partner, relational problems.

Front 2

Axis II holds what dx. categories?

Back 2

Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

Front 3

Difference between Axis I & II

Back 3

Axis I are more visible to the lay person, depression is usually recognized by someone. Personality disorders are more subtle and MR may look like a developmental problem

Front 4

Axis III holds what dx. categories?

Back 4

General Medical Conditions

Front 5

Axis IV holds what dx. categories?

Back 5

Psychosocial/environmental problems ex. job loss, economic problems, divorce, social system deficits, legal issues

Front 6

Axis V holds what dx. categories?

Back 6

GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning)
1=lowest level of functioning
10=highest level of functioning
always specifcy the time frame at eval.

Front 7

What is the GAF score cutoff for hospitalization?

Back 7

50 or below; GAF higher than 50 an indication of milder symptoms.

Front 8

define: polythetic criteria sets

Back 8

to receive a dx. you do not have to meet all criteria, rather, you have to meet a portion of the criteria to receive a dx. The number required to be dx. varies with disorder.

Front 9

when are childhood disorders 1st identified?

Back 9

in childhood

Front 10

when are adult disorders 1st identified?

Back 10

in adulthood

Front 11

Name the 5 general areas of childhood disorders

Back 11

-Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior (3)
-Pervasive Developmental Disorders (4)
-Mental Retardation
-Learning Disorders (2)
-Other Childhood Disorders(4)

Front 12

Name the 3 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Back 12

-Conduct Disorder
-Oppositional Defiant Disorder
-ADHD
(more disruptive to parents and school than to child)

Front 13

Name the 4 Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)

Back 13

-Autistic Disorder
-Asperger's Disorder
-Rhett's Disorder
-Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)

Front 14

Name 3 learning disorders

Back 14

-Reading Disorder
-Disorder of Written Expression
-Mathematics Disorder

Front 15

Name 4 other Childhood Disorders

Back 15

-Tourette's
-Separation Anxiety
-Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
-Enuresis

Front 16

Describe Conduct Disorder (CD)

Back 16

-child dx.
-"juvenile deliquent" kids
deliberate and persistently cruel
ignore social rules/norms, lies, steals, firesetters
often become anti-social personality

Front 17

Connection between CD and parenting

Back 17

related to poor parenting skills
parental psychopathology

Front 18

Age of onset for CD and prognosis?

Back 18

-if sxs. present before age 10, named as childhood onset and prognosis is poorer
-if sxs. present after age 10 use adolescent dx. of oppositional defiant disorder
-sxs.must be present for 6 months.

Front 19

Best treatment modality for CD?

Back 19

multi-systemic treatment involving the child, family, and adjunct systems to the family most effective

Front 20

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Back 20

-child defiant and negativistic, not as severe a dx. as CD.
-behavior isn't present in all settings
-behavior is often poor at home and around familiar people
-not usually involve legal system

Front 21

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Back 21

-inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity or all
-fidgety, easilty distracted, impatient, excessive talking, shifting focus/activity from one area to another
-often mis-diagnosed as CD or ODD

Front 22

ADD/ADHD attributes and prevalence

Back 22

-3-7% of all school children meet criteria
-Boys are 2-9 times more likely to be dx. than girls
-poor peer relationships, academic under acheivement,

Front 23

Depressed WISC scale scores

Back 23

-processing speed in cancellation and coding
-Math subtest and working memory

Front 24

Dx. criteria that must be met for ADD/ADHD dx.

Back 24

-sxs. must be present in more than 1 setting
-some sign before age 7
-may outgrow hyperactivity
-up to 70% will have some sxs. across the lifespan

Front 25

ADD/ADHD and medication

Back 25

-some medications result in improvement
-stimulants and anti-depressants most common under age 12.
25% do not respond to meds
-stimulants mimic dopamine neurotransmitter

Front 26

Impact of Ritalin on ADD/ADHD

Back 26

-decreases motor activity
-decreases impulsivity
-increases attention span/concentration
-increases standardized test scores
-low dose would have a similar effect on anyone

Front 27

Ritalin side effects

Back 27

-decrease appetite
-insomnia
-headaches

Front 28

Brain anatomy and ADD/ADHD

Back 28

-less blood flow to pre-frontal cortex may result in disorder
-glucose metabolism may impact disorder
-caudate nucleus smaller

Front 29

Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD):
General information

Back 29

-qualitative developmental abnormalties: abnormal in every stage of development
-quantitative abnormalities: person's behavior is normal for an earlier stage of development (MR)

Front 30

Most common PDD

Back 30

autisim

Front 31

characteristics of autism

Back 31

-lasts across the lifespan
-unresponsive to people
-must be present before age 3
-75% cases also MR
-speech/communication is impaired & bizarre
-some do not speak
-echolalia
-preseveration
-tend to reverse pronouns
-restricted repetoire of activities
-intense inanimate object attachment
-some head bang

Front 32

research related to autism

Back 32

-considered a spectrum disorder (ASD) that includes Asperger's and PDD
-4-5 x m ore likely in boys
-have not id'd a common genetic link
-genetic factors: an increased concordance rate with monozygotic twins

Front 33

neurological markers for autism

Back 33

-enlarged ventricles
-underdeveloped cerebellum
-EEG abnormalities
-elevated seratonin levels

Front 34

postive prognosis indicators

Back 34

-presence of language skills & overall IQ
-early dx. and intervention = later positive effects

Front 35

Asperger's syndrome

Back 35

-milder form of autism
-have more social interaction, but poor social skills
-doesn't include significantly delayed speech
-ext 1 out of 1000 babies have Aspergers

Front 36

more rare PDD

Back 36

-Rett's Disorder
-Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Front 37

Rett's Disorder

Back 37

-period of normal development
-onset of head growth deceleration
-poor walking gait
-onset in 1st/2nd year, but before 4 yrs.
only reported in girls

Front 38

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Back 38

-2 yrs of normal development
-regression of acquired skills in almost all domains
-loss of development in at least 2 of the following areas:
-expressive/receptive speec
-social skills/adaptive behavior
-bowel/bladder control
-play/motor skills
-dx. prior to 10 yrs. old
-very rare
-most common in males

Front 39

Mental Retardation (MR)

Back 39

-2 SD below the mean
-deficiencies in adaptive behavior
-people with IQ between 71 and 75 dx based on level of adaptive functioning

Front 40

Best assessment for MR

Back 40

-Vineland Adpative test
-assessing by questioning the caretaker and taking to the child

Front 41

Mild Mental Retardation

Back 41

-IQ range: 50-70
-2 SD below the mean
-educable
-85% if MR population
-noticed later

Front 42

Moderate Mental Retardation

Back 42

-IQ range: 35-49
-3 SD below the mean
-trainable
-10% of MR population

Front 43

Severe Mental Retardation

Back 43

-IQ range: 20-34
-4 SD below the mean
-3-4% if MR population
-recognized early, ex. Down's Syndrome

Front 44

Profound Mental Retardation

Back 44

-IQ range: 19 & below
-5 SD below the mean
-1-2% if MR population

Front 45

Learning Disorders

Back 45

-skill must fall significantly below what might be expected as long as there is no medical explanation for the lack of skill
-discrepancy of more than 2 SD between acheivement and IQ.
-usually not present until start of school
-primarily in reading, writing, and arithmetic
-5% of public school kids have LD
-domain specific