Women's Studies

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Margaret Atwood

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Wrote the Handmaid's Tale

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Dystopian

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Anti-Perfect Society, uses exaggeration and the future to discuss current issues.
-Failed Utopia, Satire of Present, A Warning

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Dialectic Argument

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A complicated, multi-voice, not exactly straightforward argument. Socratic and Hegelian

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Socratic

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(Plato) Had different characters discussing an issue from different views. Argument comes from cross-examination of characters.

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Hegelian

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Has a Thesis (extreme left?), Antithesis (extreme right?), and a Synthesis (middle ground).

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Susan Faludi

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Wrote Backlash (1991)

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Backlash (1991)

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About the media latching onto careerwomen, calling them depressed and claiming that there was an infertility rise (hyped by fertility clinics). Said there was a man shortage and that chances of marraige decrease violently as you get older; careerwomen hurting children by sending them to daycare.

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Ronald Reagan

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President during the Conservative Backlash

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Evangelism, Religious Right, Fundamentalist Christianity

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Topics adressed in the handmaid's tale, and present in the conservative backlash: Spreading the Christian faith by televangelism, etc (?)/ Conservative Christians/ etc

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Naomi Wolf

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Wrote The Beauty Myth (1991)

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The Beauty Myth

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Says that there is a standard of beauty that holds back women's advancement

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Sirena Riley

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Wrote "The Black Beauty Myth" and "Two Traditions"

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"the Black Beauty Myth"

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Says that there are high standards in the industry for black women as well

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A.M. Homes

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Wrote "A Real Doll"

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"A Real Doll"

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story about a boy using a Barbie doll to get off, also uses it to address sexual abuse and gender confusion

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Clarence Thomas Scandal

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1991 - Justice accused of sexual harrasment by Anita Hill

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Anita Hill

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Accused Clarence Thomas of sexually harassing her

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Multicultural/Global Feminism

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Deals with Feminism on a global basis: female genital mutilation, arranged marraiges, etc

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Girlie

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Proud of differences between women and men. Says that 'girly" things such as fashion, barbies, etc are not forms of oppression.

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Power Feminism

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Women can be powerful, as opposed to weak and helpless, are compeditive

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Victim Feminism

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Women identify with powerlessness, believes women to be naturally noncompeditive/cooperative/peaceloving, women are closer to nature, are usually sexually judgemental.

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"Two Traditions"

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Discusses the attack of women's movements as whiny. Goes against the

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Beauty Ideal

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A standard of beauty that holds back the advancement of women through compeditive behavior and oppression.

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Body Image

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A subjective picture of one's own body

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Intimate Partner Violence

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Violence against women is most often caused by their boyfriend/husband/intimate partner

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Rape

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Sex without consent

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Date Rape

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Rape committed by the victim's escort

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Pornography (different views on)

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Anti-porn and Sex-positive

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Sex Tourism

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(most often) Men travel to different countries to visit their brothels and other sexual entertainment spots.

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Militarism and Sexual violence

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- 1 in 3 women in the military are sexally assaulted, mostly by a superior officer.
-Ritualistic rape of the women of the enemy side, to break up the community.
- I & I : intoxication and intercourse, thought that it releases tension

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Sexual Script

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Reflects social norms, practices, workings of power - provides frameworks and guidelines for sexual feelings and behaviors. "Heteronormativity"

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Sexual Self Schemas

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Personal feelings and beliefs about sex determined by past and present experiences.

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Theories of Sexuality

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Biology, Sociobiology/Evolutionary, Social Construction

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Biology

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- sexuality is built in
- testosterone and estrogen determine sexuality
- seen in animals
- hormone levels can fluxuate

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Sociobiology/Evolutionary

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- Sexual behaviors have evolved over time
- Primitive: Men hunt, women gather, men semenate/women incubate, men provide/women nurture

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Social Construction

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-Attitudes about sex are determined by the culture/society
- Prudish or shy from sexuality: Amish
- Open to Sexuality: Russia?

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Sex v. Gender

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Sex: Biologically assigned
Gender: Role determined by society

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Gender Role

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Gender Expression

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Sexual Orientation

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Straight/Bi/Gay

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Kinsey Report

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Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953)

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Kinsey Scale

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Rating of 0 to 6, 0 being exclusively heterosexual and 6 being exclusively homosexual.

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Ariel Levy

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Wrote "Female Chauvinist Pigs"

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Female Chauvinist Pigs

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book by Ariel Levvy. Women who make sex objects of other women and of ourselves.

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Raunch Culture

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Examples: girls gone wild, pole dancing as popular, playboy becoming popular in everyday culture

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Bois vs. Womyn

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Bois: a type of lesbian who is like a teenage boy, who is permiscuous
Womyn: Lesbians who are feminists (aka put the y in to take the man out of woman)

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Butch, Femme

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Butch: Typical type of lesbianism taking on the qualities of a man
Femme: typical type of lesbianism taking on the qualities of a woman

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Being John Malcovich

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3rd wave movie by Spike Jonze and Charlie Kaufman. Addresses 3rd wave issues such as sexuality, abuse, queer theory

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Heteronormativity

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belief that the heterosexual relationship (man with woman) is the true, normal relationship, even in homosexual relationships (butch and femme)

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Queer Theory

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Set of ideas based around the concept that identities are not fixed and do not determine who we are. It proposes that we directly challenge fixed identity, in non-predictable ways. We should not accept that heterosexual desire is the natural desire .

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Transsexual

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a person born with the physical characteristics of one sex who emotionally and psychologically feels that they belong to the opposite sex.

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Generation X

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the generation born after that of the baby boomers (roughly from the early 1960s to mid 1970s), often perceived to be disaffected and directionless.

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"the Core Mythology of Victim Feminism"

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chapter in Naomi Wolf's book