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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main use for estrogen replacement therapy with progestin?
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Protection from osteoporosis
Suppression of vasomotor symptoms Prevention of urogenital atrophy |
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During the first half of the cycle hormones are produced by _____ while the last half the hormones are produced by the _____.
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the maturing ovarian follicle
Corpus Luteum |
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What is the action of FSH?
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Acts on developing follicles to make them grow and secrete estrogens
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What is the action of LH?
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Ovulation
Promotes production of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum |
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What is the action of the fall of progesterone?
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End of cycle, Breakdown of endometrium and menstrual bleeding
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What do SERM drugs do?
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Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Activate estrogen in some tissues and not in others |
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What is tamoxifen?
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SERM
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What is tamoxifen used for?
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Inhibit growth in the breast for Breast cancer
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What is the use of progestin?
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Conterbalance estrogen-mediated stimulation of the endometrium which can lead to cancer
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What are some harms of HT?
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GI effects
Cardiovascular Events Breast Cancer Gallbladder Disease Dementia Incontinence |
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How is the effectiveness of BC measured?
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Percentage of accidental pregnancies that occur using the technique
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What is the most common form of BC?
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Sterilization
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What are the two categories of OCs?
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Estrogen and Progesterone
Progestin Only |
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What is classifications of estrogen and progesterone therapy based on?
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Number of phases the drugs have
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What are the two estrogens used?
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Ethinyl Estradiol
Mestranol |
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What is the most common progesterone used?
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Norethindrone
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How do OCs work?
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Inhibition of ovulation
Thickening of cervical mucus Modify endometrium |
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What are the adverse effects of OCs?
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Thromboembolic events (estrogen)
Hypertension Teratogenic Effects Abnormal Bleeding |
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What are the contraindications of OCs?
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Older than 35 who smoke
CVA Thromboembolic disorders |
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What are the signs of estrogen deficency?
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Spotting and Breakthrough bleeding
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What are the signs of estrogen excess?
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Nausea
Edema Breast Tenderness |
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What is Norplant?
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Surgically implanted in the inner arm with a synthetic progestin
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How long does Norplant work for?
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Up to 5 years
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What is Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate?
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Injected
Provides protection up to 3 months with average of 12 months for fertility to return |
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What are the adverse effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate?
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Bone loss
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What is the contraindication for IUDs?
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Women with a high chance of getting STDs
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What are spermicides?
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Chemical surfactants that kill the cell membrane
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What lubricant should be avoided with the use of a condom?
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Mineral oil
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What is infertility?
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decrease in the ability to reproduce
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Failure to conceive is always the woman's fault.
T or F |
False
Problems can occur from both partners |
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What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
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Androgen excess
Insulin resistance |
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What is Clomiphene used for?
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Treat female infertility
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How does Clomiphene work?
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blocks receptors for estrogen
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What drugs are contraindicated during OC use?
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Rifampin
Ritonavir Antiepileptics Warfarin Insulin |
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How does clomiphene work?
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Block receptors for estrogen causing an increase in FSH and LH
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What are the symptoms of ovarian hyperstimulation?
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Low abdominal pain, pressure, weight gain, and swelling
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What in found in Menotropins?
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equal amounts of FSH and LH
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Menotropins are used to ____ while hCG is used to _____.
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cause maturation of follicles
induce ovulation |
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What is Human Chorionic Gonadotropin?
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Idential to LH
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What is the use of hCG?
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Ovulatory Failure
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What is the treatment of choice for hyperprolactinemia?
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Dopamine Agonists
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What are the two dopamine agonists used to treat hyperprolactinemia?
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Cabergoline
Bromocriptine |
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What are the two drugs to treat endometriosis?
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Leuprolide
Nafarelin |
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Leuprolide is a ____.
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GnRH analog
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Drugs that stimulate uterine contraction are called _____ while drugs that suppress contraction are called _____.
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Oxytocics
Tocolytics |
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What are the uses of oxytocics?
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Induction of labor
Control of postpartum bleeding Abortion |
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How long is delivery postponed with tocolytics?
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2 days
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Glucocorticoids are combined with tocolytics to accelerate lung development.
T or F |
True
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What are other agents to postpone labor?
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nifedipine
Beta 2 agonists NSAIDs Magnesium Sulfate |
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What is magnesium sulfate mechanism of action?
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Inhibition of Ach at uterine NMJ
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What are the adverse effects of Magnesium Sulfate?
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Muscle weakness
hypothermia Pulmonary Edema |
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What is the prototypic oxytocic?
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Oxytocin
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What is the use of oxytocin?
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Induction of labor near term
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What is the adverse effect of oxytocin?
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Water Intoxication
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What is ergonovine and methylergonovine used for?
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Increase uterine tone and decrease bleeding after birth
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What are the two ergots used to decrease bleeding?
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Ergonovine
Methylergonovine |
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What is the adverse effects of ergonovine?
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Hypertension (IV)
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What is Carboprost Tromethamine?
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Prostaglandin
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What is the use of carboprost Tromethamine?
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Controlling postpartum bleeding
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What is the adverse effect of carboprost tromethamine?
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GI effects
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What is cervical ripening?
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Cervix shortens, softens, and dilates
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What two drugs are used as ripening agents?
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Dinoprostone
Misoprostol |
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Oxytocin can be used even if the cervix is not ripe.
T or F |
False
A ripening agent must be used before oxytocin if the cervix is not ripe |
