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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is responsible for providing input to the WLRs effort to locate HVTs?
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the intelligence officer
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What must be detected in sufficient time to synchronize their attack with the CDRS operational plan?
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HPTs
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Once HVTs are detected by WLR they are passed on to_______- and for_____
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the fires cell for engagement , the fire cell passes the target to the appropriate element (lethal or nonlethal) for execution.
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The HPT may be passed directly to the senor when authorized by the CDR?
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True
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Aircraft are displayed on the radar as what?
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non discrimination track or as a non-projectile track
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what is the first step preformed by a WLR detecting an object?
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establishing a search fence
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How does the WLR make a seach fence
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By transmitting a series of beams that conform to the terrain
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what happens when an object penetrates the search fence?
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the software determines the objects speed, elevation, range, and azimuth. The software uses this information to predict the objects next location and to send out verification beams to determine if the object has a ballistic trajectory
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When does the WLR stop sending out track beams?
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a solution is computed for the acquisition, three sequential misses happen for the AN/TPQ-36, five sequential misses for the AN/TPQ-37, the predicted azimuth for the next track update is outside the left or right limit of the WLR's search sector, the predicited elivation of the next track is above or below the WLRs min or max search elevation
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WLRS spend the majority of there time in what mode?
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Hostile mode
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How does a WLR determine a POO
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establishes search fence, verifies penetration of the search fence, validates the trajectory, tracks the projectile, extrapolates the firing location and determines the POO.
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Hostile mode tracks in what trajectory?
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ascending
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What kind of trajectory must an object possess in order to be identified by a WLR
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balistic
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What is the tracking time for a TPQ-36?
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3 - 5 seconds
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What is the tracking time for a TPQ-37?
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5-8 seconds
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What is the tracking time for LCMR
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0.24 seconds per scan or 4.17 scans per second
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what is the possible detection area?
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a three dimensional space defined by the minimum and maximum range, search sector, and the vertical scan of the WLR.
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is a planning range absolute?
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no
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what is the artillery planning range of a Q36
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14.5km
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what is the mortars planning range of a Q36
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18km
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what is the rockets planning range of a Q36
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24km
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what is the artillery and mortar planning range for a Q37
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30km
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what is the rocket planning range for a Q37?
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50km
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what is the planning range for LCMR
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0.5 to 10km
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what is the search sector?
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The search sector is the area left and right of the radars azimuth or orientation where the WLR can locate targets.
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What is the maximum search sector?
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plus or minus 800mils from the azimuth of orientation for a total of 1600 mils
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The LCMR search sector has the capability to conduct
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6400 mils coverage
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the Q36 and Q37 must have a minimum of______meters differnece between minimum and maximum ranges
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900
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What is vertical scan?
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the area that extends vertically from the search fence to the maximum scan elevation of the radar
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What is the maximum vertical scan for the Q36?
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80 mils with all 32 scanning frequencies enabled
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In a Q36 each frequency disabled results in a loss of how many mils?
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2.5 mils of vertical scan
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what is the maximum vertical scan for a Q37?
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104 mils
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what type of scanning does the Q37 use?
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phase scanning
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How many frequencies does the Q37 use?
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15
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How many frequencies are in a Q36?
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32
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What is the elevation coverage of an LCMR?
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445mils
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what is track volume?
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the amount of available vertical scan at the points where an object passes through the detection area of a WLR to track the object and compute a solution.
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how many mils of track volume do radars need to track a round for long enough to achieve a solution?
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50mils
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how is track volume determined?
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by the difference between vertical scan and the height of the screening crest in mils
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What are the three factors that affect the radars ability to detect, verify and locate?
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track volume, angle, and speed
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What is aspect angle?
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the aspect angle is the distance in mils between the radar antenna and the target path of the projectile
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what must the aspect angle be greater than? And what does it mean?
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1600 mils, objects must be traveling toward the antenna
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T/F the WLR is designed to ignore detection with aspect angles of less than 1600 mils?
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true,
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What must velocity be within?
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the minimum and maximum velocity thresholds for all radar systems
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Most mortar artillery, and rockets have a velocity greater than?
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80 miliseconds
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What are the velocity requirements for the Q36 traveling toward the radar?
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at least 50 miliseconds no greater than 1500 or greater,
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What are the velocity requirements for the Q37 traveling toward the radar?
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130m/s and no greater than 1500 m/s
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what are the velocity requirements for the Q36 moving away from the radar
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up to 80miliseconds
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What is a track cluster?
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radar beam, four individual beams that comprise a cluster
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What are the three possible outcomes when an object passes through the search fence and the radar transmits the verification or tracking beam?
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miss, hit or plot
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What conditions have to happen for the plot to occur?
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all 4 beams in track cluster detect the object, the detected rang of the object is within 75 meters of the predicted range, The detected azimuth is within 20 mils of the predicted azimuth for 36 or 15 mils for the 37, The detected elevation is within 15 mils of the predicted elevation for 36 and 10 mils for the 37.
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What happens when the software achieves an adequate number of plots?
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It computes a solution for the POO and POI
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T or F, the number of plots required to achieve solutions varies based on radar type?
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True
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How many plots does the Q36 need?
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3 to 15
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How many plots does the Q37 need?
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5-12 plots at ranges less than 30k and a minimum of 15 plots at ranges greater than 30k
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Summarize the tracking process
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1. Object breaks the fence
2. Radar verifies object has ballistic characteristics 3. radar tracks object along predicted trajectory 4. Computer extrapolates the POO and POI |
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What is Video Integration?
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Video integration is used to extract greater range performance from the 36.
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When is video integration no needed?
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at close ranges or in situations where the radar cross section of the target is large enough for un-adided tracking
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What is friendly mode?
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the methodology used by the WLR to detect, track, and determine an impact or burst location in the friendly mode is the same as that for the hostile mode.
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What are the differences in hostile mode and friendly mode?
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size of the search fence, angle-T, and orientation of the detection area
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In friendly mode how does the WLR detect projectiles?
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As they travel away from the WLR, or on the descending leg of trajectory.
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Is the detection area in friendly mode significantly smaller than hostile mode?
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Yes
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What is the search sector in friendly mode?
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440 mils
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What must the angle-T be at in friendly mode?
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between 800-1200 mils
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What are the technical considerations for site selection?
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slope, area in front of antenna, screening crest, aspect angle, electronic LOS, track volume, proximity of other radars, cable lengths
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What must the slope of the terrain be?
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7 degrees or 120 mils or less
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what does slope do?
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enhances radar function, provides drainage
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The "clear" area in front of the radar must be how many meters for a Q36?
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200
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The "clear" area in front of the radar must be how many meters for a Q37?
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300
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What does downward slope on a radar reduce?
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Multi path errors
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What does the ideal site in front of an ATG have?
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a gentle downward slope 200 to 300 meters that gradually rises up to the screening crest
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What does the screening crest do?
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increases the surviveability of the WLR by serving as a defense against enemy observation, direct fires, and EC
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where should the screening crest be?
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In friendly territory and 1000 meters in front of the WLR
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a dual screening crest is how many meters?
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250 and 1000 from the radar site
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what is the vertical angle to the screening crest for a Q36?
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15-30 mils
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what is the vertical angle to the screening crest for a Q37?
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5-15 mils
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What is the optimum vertical angle ?
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10 mils
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What is a mask angle?
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the vertical angle between the ATG and the top of the screening crest
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the difference between the highest and lowest point on the screening crest should not exceed____ for the 36.
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30 mils
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A difference of more than 30mils reduces the ability of the 36 to produce ?
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enough track volume to compute POO and POI
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A Q37 should not have a difference of more than_____ mils between the highest and lowest points?
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54mils
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What is aspect angle?
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the angle between the radar and the target path
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the aspect angle must be what in hostile mode?
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more than 1600 mils
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the angle t in friendly fire mode must be between?
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800-1200mils
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What does RPAS do?
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verifies the electronic line of sight
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Track volume is determined by?
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The vertical scan of the WLR
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the WLRs require how many mils of track volume to detect a projectile?
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50 mils
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Track Volume: The difference between the high and low mask angles should not exceed 30 mils for the?
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Q36
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Track Volume: The difference between the high and low mask angles should not exceed 54 mils for the?
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Q37
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When two or more 36s or 37s are operating in the same area they must be separated by at least...
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250 meters
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When two or more LCMRs are operating in the same area they must be separated by
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1000 meters
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Several air surveillance radars operate in the same frequency band as?
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LCMR
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The 36 OCG can be placed how many meters from the ATG and _____ from the PDG
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40, 30
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The remote control display CDT on the 36 can be located up to ____ from the shelter when using both CDT cables.
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90
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Emplacement of systems must allow for how meters of slack in the cables to prevent damage?
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10
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How many meters is the 37 placed from the ATG?
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40m
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How many meters can the 37 be placed from the PDG?
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30 meters
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The WLR should have how many routes of approach?
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More than 1
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What are the considerations of site access?
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Accessibility during poor weather, Overhead clearance, Bridges, Fords, obstacles,
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What is the overall determining factor in positioning?
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METT-TC
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How many meters is the Q36 placed behind the FLOT
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3-6km
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How many meters is the Q37 placed behind the FLOT?
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8-12km
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How many meters is the LCMR located behind the flot?
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It is located within the operating base
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Each LCMR is placed 1000 meters apart and on a different ?
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frequency
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Minimum frequency separation for three or less LCMRs is
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30 mHz
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Minimum frequency separation with 3 or more LCMRs is?
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20 mils
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With LCMRs all sectors facing other LCMRs will have their?
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frequencies turned off
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What can pose a significant threat to any radar?
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Anti radiation missiles friendly or enemy
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What is location averaging?
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the software averages all dectections within 200 meter radius into a POO
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What is the purpose of location averaging?
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prevents overloading the radar storage queue with detection from the same location
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