Wmst Final Vocab

Front 1

alliances

Back 1

working with others as a result of a deepening understanding of one another's lives experiences, and goals

Front 2

battered woman syndrome

Back 2

psychological "syndrome" advanced to explain violence against women; a pattern of "learned helplessness" whereby women who are repeatedly battered learn that it is impossible to escape. Alternating periods of violenceand love tie woman closer to man. Attorneys have used this explanation in defense for women who have killed violent partners

Front 3

beauty myth

Back 3

constructs a beauty ideal that can be bought, but is ultimately unattainable

Front 4

blame the victim syndrome

Back 4

an analysis or recommended course of action that attributes responsibility for a problem to those who experience it.

Front 5

comparable worth

Back 5

a method of evaluating jobs that are traditionally defined as men's work or women's work -- in terms of the knowledge and skills required for a particular job; the mental demands or decision-making involved; the accountability or degree of supervision involved; and working conditions, such as how physically safe the job is -- so as to eliminate inequities in pay based on gender

Front 6

cultural meaning of advertisements

Back 6

"...relies on the cultural knowledge and background of the reader. We all 'make sense' of ads by relating them to our culture and to the shared belief systems held in common by most people"

Front 7

dismemberment

Back 7

strategy used by advertisers that has a body part stand in for a woman

Front 8

exoticization

Back 8

the act of romanticizing elements of something, like a culture, that is foreign to oneself

Front 9

export-processing zone

Back 9

labor intensive manufacturing centers that involve the import of raw materials or components and the export of factory products; National import duties and local and environmental laws are often suspended

Front 10

formal sector of work

Back 10

in the workforce, not in the home

Front 11

gender wage gap

Back 11

difference in pay among men and women

Front 12

gender violence

Back 12

Violence perpetuated against women because of their gender

Front 13

glass ceiling

Back 13

an unseen barrier to women's promotion to senior positions in the workplace. women can see the senior positions in their company or field, but few women reach them because of negative attitudes toward senior women and low perceptions of their abilities and training; can also be based on race/ethnicity

Front 14

globalization

Back 14

contemporary form of cultural and economic integration facilitated by electronic media, international financial institutions, trade agreements, and national immigration policies

Front 15

hierarchy of oppression

Back 15

ranking the oppressions -- don't do it

Front 16

hostile environment

Back 16

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature

Front 17

identity politics

Back 17

activism and politics that put identity at the center, usually involves the assumption that a particular characteristic, such as race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation, is the most important in the lives of group members and that the group is not differentiated according to other characteristics in a significant way

Front 18

identity-based politics

Back 18

activism and politics that have a strong identity component but also a broader view that allows people to make connections to other groups and issues

Front 19

internalized oppression

Back 19

attitudes and behavior of some oppressed people that reflect the negative, harmful, stereotypical beliefs of the dominant group directed at them. e.g. internalized sexism -- view of some women that they and other women are inferior to men, which causes them to adopt attitudes and behaviors that reinforce the subordination of women

Front 20

marriage

Back 20

institution of family organization that receives many benefits; its predominance marginalizes many population groups

Front 21

mommy tax

Back 21

personal and financial price women must pay when they choose to raise a family

Front 22

neoliberalism

Back 22

economic philosophy and policies that call for freedom of business to operate with minimal interference from governments, international organizations, or labor unions. Basic tenets include the rule of the market, free trade, economic deregulation, privatization of government-owned industries, reduction of social welfare spending, and belief in individual responsibility rather than valuing community and public good

Front 23

objectification

Back 23

attitudes and behaviors by which people are treated as if they were "things"; e.g. objectification of women through advertising images

Front 24

occupational segregation

Back 24

Horizontal occupation segregation: men in more valued, higher-paying positions; women in opposite
Vertical occupational segregation: in same occupation, women represented in lower-ranking positions

Front 25

politics of scarcity

Back 25

fatalistic attitude

Front 26

quid pro quo

Back 26

Making conditions of employment (hiring, promotion, retention, etc.) contingent on the victim's providing sexual favors

Front 27

rape trauma

Back 27

explains women's coping strategies, that sometimes seem counterintuitive

Front 28

second shift

Back 28

responsibilities for household chores and child care mostly by women after having already done a full day's work outside the home

Front 29

commodification

Back 29

the process of turning people into things, or commodities, for sale; an example is the commodification of women's bodies through advertising and media images

Front 30

sticky floor

Back 30

structural limitations for women in low-paid, low-status jobs that block them from moving up

Front 31

surface meaning of advertising

Back 31

consists of the overall impression that a reader might get from quickly studying the advertisement...you can describe this surface level of meaning by simply listing all the objects and people in the ad

Front 32

third wave feminism

Back 32

feminist perspectives adopted in the 1990s, often by younger women, with an emphasis on personal voice and multiple identities, intersectionality, ambiguity, and contradictions

Front 33

transnational

Back 33

relationships, organizations, or movements that connect individuals or groups across national boundaries -- boundaries not erased but greatly reduced

Front 34

cultural worker

Back 34

Artists express their work as activists through their plays -- political work in artistic environment, revealing multiplicities identities and exploring and giving voice to racial, national, class, gender, and sexual identities that are not the dominant norm in the U.S.

Front 35

human security

Back 35

individual-centered approach to security

Front 36

informal labor sector

Back 36

recieves less attention from government; includes small enterprises, trading and selling at markets, work done in home, and "under the table" employment; does not report income to government and does not pay taxes on it

Front 37

formal labor sector

Back 37

formal employment; reports income to government and pays taxes

Front 38

international economic organizations

Back 38

World Bank, IMF, WTO

Front 39

sweatshops

Back 39

businesses that violate wage, child labor, and safety standards

Front 40

EPZs

Back 40

generally exempt from labor, health and safety, and environmental laws and few if any taxes

Front 41

structural adjustment programs

Back 41

government belt-tightening measures with goal of earning foreign exchange to service debt; usually entail cuts for social services, schools, hospitals, nutrition programs, other public/welfare goods

Front 42

trafficking

Back 42

the recruitment, transfer, transportation, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or other forms of coercion; giving power to one person of control over another person; for exploitation