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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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synovial joints aka |
diarthroid - freely mobile w cartilage lining bony surfaces connected by ligaments lined w synovial membranes |
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lungs heart bv muscles eyes skin can be involved with |
RA |
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inflammation of synovial membrane, destruction of bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage,and joint capsule = |
RA |
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degeneration of cartilage from wear and tear, bone spurs = |
OA |
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symmetrical wrists, knuckles and knees |
RA |
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often unilateral hip, knee, spine, hands |
OA |
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heberdens nodes |
OA joint changes |
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edema redness heat pain fever fatigue stiffness nodules vasculitis, sjogrens, infection, osteoporosis, |
RA |
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children nearing adolescence, adults 20-50, 3:1 F vs M, 85% pos RF, 3% pop, 75% F |
RA |
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anyone 45-90 |
OA |
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RF, ESR, CRP, CBC, xrays, joint fluid asp |
RA w/u |
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xray |
only w/u for OA |
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periods of exacerbation and remission - worse w stress |
RA |
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addison's dz autoimmune dz |
chronic primary adrenocortical insufficiency, the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones(glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
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AS autoimmune |
bamboo spine |
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SAD = |
systemic autoimmune dz connective tissue like SLE |
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celiac dz |
gluten intol |
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ss gluten intol celiac |
Gas and bloating.Changes in bowel movements.Weight loss.Feeling very tired.Weakness.
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Graves dz ss |
may include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat,diarrhea, and weight loss.
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Graves = |
hyperthyroidism autoimmune dz
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guillian barre ss = |
Prickling, "pins and needles" sensations in your fingers, toes, ankles or wristsWeakness in your legs that spreads to your upper bodyUnsteady walking or inability to walk or climb stairsDifficulty with eye or facial movements, including speaking, chewing or swallowingSevere pain that may feel achy or cramp-like and may be worse at nightDifficulty with bladder control or bowel functionRapid heart rateLow or high blood pressureDifficulty breathing
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hashimoto's thyroiditis ss=
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goiter, weight gainfatiguepaleness or puffiness of the facejoint and muscle painconstipationinability to get warmdifficulty getting pregnantjoint and muscle painhair loss or thinning, brittle hairirregular or heavy menstrual periodsdepressionslowed heart rate |
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chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
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hashimotos thyroiditis |
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Multiple sclerosis ss |
Early MS symptoms include weakness, tingling, numbness, and blurred vision. Other signs are muscle stiffness, thinking problems, and urinary problems.
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Raynauds may be prequel to |
MS, scleroderma |
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pernicious anemia aka |
megaloblastic anemia |
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intrinsic factor lack > B12 lack |
pernicious anemia |
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scleroderma = |
a group of rare diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues
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SLE characteristic sign |
butterfly rash |
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DM T1 |
cow milk under 1 yr old |
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MG dx |
tensilon test |
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psoriasis ss |
thick, white, silvery, or red patches of skin on knees, elbows, scalp, hands, feet, or lower back
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Ulcerative colitis location |
It usually affects the lower section (sigmoid colon) and the rectum.
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more potent than anti histamines and block inflammatory response |
anti leukotrienes |
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damage to blood, skin, heart, Kidney, brain _ what dz? |
SLE |
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Consistency of blood
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45% blood cells55% blood plasma
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blood pH range wnl |
pH 7.35-7.45
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average volume blood in body adult |
10-12 pints
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granulocytes |
baso, neuts, eos |
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agranulocytes |
lymphos and monos |
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4 causes of anemia |
Blood loss
Impaired production of RBCs Increased destruction of RBCs Nutritional deficiencies |
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Anorexia
Dyspepsia Cardiac dilation Disorientation Shortness of breath Dyspnea Fatigue Headache Insomnia, Pallor, Palpitation, Systolic murmur, Tachycardia, Vertigo are SS of |
anemia |
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Pernicious anemia Etiology/pathophysiology
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Absence of the intrinsic factor
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Intrinsic factor is essential for
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the absorption of vitamin B12
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Deficiency of vitamin XX affects growth and maturity of all body cells, also related to nerve myelination. May cause progressive demyelination and degeneration of nerves and white matter
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B 12
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Pernicious anemia SS
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Extreme weakness
Dyspnea Fever Hypoxia Weight loss Jaundice (destruction of RBCs) Pallor GI complaints, neuro changes Dysphagia,Glossitis, |
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Neurological symptoms Pernicious anemia
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Tingling of the hands and feet
Disorientation, ,Personality changes; behavior problems,Partial or total paralysis |
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causes Aplastic anemia |
Decrease of bone marrow function
Primary - Congenital Secondary - Viral invasion, Medications Chemicals Radiation; chemotherapy |
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Aplastic anemia SS
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Pancytopenia, Repeated infections with high fevers, Fatigue, weakness, malaiseDyspneaPalpitations , Bleeding tendencies
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Aplastic anemia (continued) Medical management/nursing interventions
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Identify and remove cause, Platelet transfusion for severe thrombocytopenia, Splenectomy for hypersplenism, Steroids and androgensAntithymocyte globuli, Bone marrow transplant
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Iron deficiency anemiaEtiology/pathophysiology
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RBCs contain decreased levels of hemoglobin
Excessive iron loss Caused by chronic bleeding—intestinal, uterine, gastric |
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Iron deficiency anemia SS
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PallorFatigue; weaknessShortness of breathAngina; signs and symptoms of heart failureGlossitis; burning tonguePagophagiaHeadacheParesthesia
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Sickle cell anemia Etiology/pathophysiology
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An abnormal, crescent-shaped RBC
Severe, chronic, incurable condition DiseaseHomozygous TraitHeterozygous |
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Sickle cell anemia SS
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Precipitating factors
Dehydration Change in oxygen tension in the body Loss of appetite Irritability Weakness Abdominal enlargement Joint and back pain Edema of extremities |
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AgranulocytosisEtiology/pathophysiology
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Severe reduction in the number of granulocytes WBC less than 200/mm3MedicationsChemotherapyRadiationNeoplastic diseaseViral and bacterial infections
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Agranulocytosis (continued) Clinical manifestations/assessment
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Symptoms of infectionUlcerations of mucous membranesBronchial pneumoniaUrinary tract infection
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Agranulocytosis Medical management/nursing interventions
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Remove cause of bone marrow depression Prevent or treat infections Meticulous handwashing Strict asepsis
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synathrosis |
joint w no movement |
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amphiarthrosis |
joint w some movement |
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diarthrosis |
joint w free movement |
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structure of diarthotic joint (4) |
joint capsule joint cavity hyaline cartilage over joint ends ligaments connecting bones |
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low back pain radiating over butt and numb/tingling sensations in leg |
herniated disc ss |
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neck pain and rigidity w headache |
c spine herniated disc ss |
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annulus fibrosus = |
tough circular exterior of IVD surrounding soft inner core |
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anulus pulposus = |
soft inner core of vertebral disc |
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sciatic nerve = |
L4, 5 S1, 2, 3 |
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RA affects what type of joints? |
diarthrode |
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chronic inflammation of synovial membrane of diarthrode joints = |
RA |
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mesoderm produces |
produces many tissues, including the heart, bones, and muscle, connective tissue (blood, vessels, soft tissue, organs, bones) |
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ectoderm produces |
Brain, CNS, PNS, skin, tooth enamel, mucus membranes, hair and nails |
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endoderm produces |
inner epithelial lining of membranes |
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Stills dz = |
JRA sero neg - starts w sore throat, fever, joint pain and rash, can involve one or many joints |
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Heberdens nodes |
DIP swelling redness in OA Bony bumps on the finger joint closest to the fingernail |
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Bouchards nodes |
Bony bumps on the middle joint of the finger .
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Bony bumps are also common at the base of the thumb. These bumps do not have a nickname, but the joint is called
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the CMC or carpometacarpal joint.
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main cause of itchiness pain and inflammation |
histamines |
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allergic to seafood = also allergic to |
iodine common in dyes used for med tests |
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anti malarial drugs used for |
SLE |
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best NSAID for AS |
voltaran/diclofenac |
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colchicine used in |
acute gout |
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allopurinol used for |
chronic gout |
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what kind of arthritis benefits from bedrest and immobilization? |
gout |
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Hgb wnl for M |
15-18 |
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Hgb wnl for F |
14-18 |
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WBC wnl |
4-10 |
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Plts wnl |
250-500K |
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stomach cells produce |
HCL, intrinsic fx, mucin, pepsin |
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3rd world Abx used for typhoid that can cause agranulocytosis |
chloramphenicol |
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2 forms leukemia |
myeloblastic lymphocytic |
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multiple myeloma |
malignant neoplastic immunodef dz of bone marrow, bone pain and decalcification. |
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hodgkins lymphoma |
adults malignant lymphoma, neoplastic disorder of lymphatic system, tumors start in lymph and move to spleen liver GI and bone marrow
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non hodgkins lymphoma |
children malignant lymphoma, neoplastic disorder of lymphatic system, tumors start in lymph and move to spleen liver GI and bone marrow |
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polycythemia vera |
too many RBCs tx w phlebotomy |
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bone pain, decalc of bone, infection, anemia, bleeding, hypercalcemia, renal failure |
multiple myeloma |
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painless enlarged Cervical lymph nodes, or axillary or inguinal, fever, infections, wt loss, anorexia, pruritis, fatigue malaise |
SS hodgkins dz |
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Reed Sternberg cells |
characteristic of Hodgkins dz |
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which has better prognosis ALL or CLL? |
Acute lymphocytic leukemia |
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Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are a type of
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cancer of the blood and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made.
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) occurs in |
over 55 |
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bence jones protein = |
multiple myeloma finding in urine or blood |
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Von Willebrands |
Fx 8 deficiency hemophilia |
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hemophilia B aka |
christmas dz |
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what factor is deficient in Hemophilia B |
factor 9 |
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what hemophilia besides von willebrands also has factor 8 deficiency |
Hemophilia A |
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diagnostic ss of hemophelia |
spontaneous heme arthrosis |
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tophi |
gout characteristic aggregates of sodium urate monohydrate crystals which are deposited in and around the joints of gout patients. |
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plasmapheresis |
Plasmapheresis is used to remove antibodies from the bloodstream, thereby preventing them from attacking their targets. It does notdirectly affect the immune system's ability to make more antibodies, and therefore may only offer temporary benefit. This procedure is mostuseful in acute, selflimited disorders such as GuillainBarré syndrome, or when chronic disorders, such as myasthenia gravis
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