Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Culture |
The way of life of a group of people |
|
|
Cultural diversity |
Differences between human cultures around the world |
|
|
Cultural relativity |
The idea that what is normal in one culture would be strange in another. |
|
|
Cultural universals |
Social behaviours found in all cultures, e.g. the family |
|
|
Society |
A group of people who share a culture, e.g. in Britain we share a way of life and a set of rules. |
|
|
Norms |
Normal / expected behaviour |
|
|
Mores |
Ideas about what behaviour is right and wrong |
|
|
Values |
What behaviour is right or wrong but stronger than mores as most people in society share the same values so breaking a value would be seen as very bad, e.g. being disrespectful to the elderly. |
|
|
Deviant |
A person who breaks norms and values, e.g. by eating a roast dinner with their fingers |
|
|
Social control |
Formal or informal sanctions for breaking a written or unwritten rule in society. |
|
|
Formal sanction |
Punishment that is official, e.g. fine or prison. |
|
|
Informal sanction |
Punishment that is unofficial for breaking norms and values, e.g. rudeness and nasty comments. |
|
|
Agencies of social control |
Agencies of socialisation that teach, enforce and encourage people to follow social rules, e.g. family, mass media, religion, work and peer group. |
|
|
Subcultures |
This is where some people have different ideas and norms fro mainstream (most people in society), e.g. emos, mods, goths, punks or anti-school subcultures |
|
|
The nature / nurture debate |
A debate about whether people are born with their behaviour or learn it via socialisation. |
|
|
Nature theory |
Some biologists and psychologists argue genetic or biological differences cause behaviour, e.g. gender roles. You are born to behave the way you do. |
|
|
Nurture theory |
Preferred by sociologists: states socialisation (upbringing) is most influential in deciding behaviour. |
|
|
Sociologists prefer nurture theories because |
People’s behaviour changes over time and varies between cultures. Also people who have not been brought up ‘correctly’ behave very differently. |
|
|
Socialisation |
The process of learning the norms and values of a culture. |
|
|
Primary socialisation |
Happens in the home where our families teach us the norms, values, attitudes, behaviours and beliefs. |
|
|
Secondary socialisation |
Being taught how to behave, e.g. norms, values, attitudes and beliefs, in the wider world |
|
|
Informal socialisation |
Happens by chance. We see things happen and learn the rules from them. |
|
|
Formal socialisation |
This is when people or organisations set out to change us deliberately, e.g. schools, work, the media or religion. |
