Wissot Final Terms

Front 1

4: Listening Ladder:

Comprehensive Listening?

Back 1

Take in both verbal and nonverbal information from the speaker.

Front 2

4: Listening Ladder:

Empathic Listening?

Back 2

Understand where the speaker is coming from, and put yourself in the perspective of the speaker.

Front 3

4: Listening Ladder:

Appreciative Listening?

Back 3

Responding to the beauty of the language. Be nice.

Front 4

4: Listening Ladder:

Critical Listening?

Back 4

Analyze the information presented by the speaker, and weigh the arguments validity.

Front 5

4: Listening Ladder:

Constructive Listening?

Back 5

This is one step past critical thinking, in that it involves taking even a flawed message and applying it to yourself.

Front 6

4: Listening Ladder:

Discriminative Listening?

Back 6

Is the focus on the sounds coming from the speaker, even if they do not articulate well. Helen Keller had great discriminative speaking.

Front 7

Name the 3 external barriers to listening?

Back 7

- Physical Noise
- Message Problems (messages full of unfamiliar words)
- Presentation Problems (speaker speaks poorly, to fast, etc)

Front 8

Name the 5 internal barriers to listening?

Back 8

- Inattentiveness (not paying attention)
- Bad Habits (slouching, sleeping)
- Listening Apprehension (fear of topics that you may oppose or be biased against)
- Emotional Reaction (feeling negative trigger words like racist lines, must be ignored)
- Attitudes (COVERED IN NEXT CARD)

Front 9

What are the 3 parts to the Attitude listening barrier?

Back 9

- Filtering (only listening to what we want the speaker to say)
- Assimilation (feeling a speakers opinion is closer to yours than it actually is)
- Contrast Effect (feeling a speakers opinion is farther from yours than it actually is)

Front 10

Name the 4 R's?

Back 10

Recent
Relevant
Reliable
Representative

Front 11

Differences between:

Facts/Inferences/Opinions.

Back 11

Fact: Mary is late
Inference: Mary will be late tomorrow
Opinion: Mary is bad student

Front 12

Difference between Active, and Passive listening?

Back 12

Active listening: Make a conscious effort, nodding head, asking questions?

Passive Listening: Not looking for verbal/nonverbal cues, but Discriminative Listening (focusing on that sound)

Front 13

5 Considerations of Constructive Listening:



CAPFE

Back 13

- Commitment: Caring, the speaker truly cares about the listeners and invests time.
- Adaptation: The speaker molds the speech to the group
- Purpose: The speaker has a specific purpose.
- Freshness: Brings something new to the listener.
- Ethic: The speaker cares about providing the good and bad results and presents these to the audience.

Front 14

What are the ethical responsibilities of the listener?

Back 14

- Don't Judge
- Be open
- Good listening, makes good speakers.

Front 15

Different Presentation aids?

POM

Back 15

- People: Appearance matters, and the aid should not be dramatic.
- Objects: Portable, should, and should be out of sight when you talking.
- Models: When to large to carry, bring model, should be functional.

Front 16

What are some advantages of Presentation Aids?

Back 16

- Increased Understanding
- Conjures mental image
- More memorable
- Add credibility.

Front 17

Disadvantages of Presentations?

Back 17

- Distracts listeners
- Distracts speakers
- Your at the mercy of the prop.

Front 18

Differences in charts and graphs?

Back 18

- Pie graph: shows relationship
- Bar graph: compare
- Line: shows time

Front 19

what are the Principles of Design?

Back 19

- Simplicity
- Visibility
- Emphasis
- Balance

Front 20

Principles of Colors?

Back 20

- Impact to presentation
- Have contrast

Front 21

What are the 6 C's?

Back 21

- Clarity
- Color: intense language and slang.
- Correctness
- Concreteness: without obstructional language.
- Conciseness
- Cultural sensitivity

Front 22

What is the importance of Language in Speech?

Back 22

Words are the essence of our being. (of course!) Language can awake emotion and bring people together. (magical)

Front 23

When using language we take two different meanings: Denotative, and Connotative. Describe the two.

Back 23

- Denotative: Taking the dictionary meaning of the word.
- Connotative: Adding your own personal topic, or experience in the word.

Front 24

Name the types of Figurative language?

Back 24

- Similes
- Metaphors
- Personification: Connect people to distant values.
- Culture types: Values and their use in specific groups.
- Ideagraphs: Words express countries political views. (France: Cowardice)

Front 25

Why is Rhythm important in your speech?

Back 25

- Makes the speech more memorable.
- Helps accent main points.
- Parallelism: a pattern of words.

Front 26

Antithesis is?

Back 26

Arranges different opposing ideas in the same sentence. >> Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.

Front 27

What is inversion?

Back 27

Reverses the order of words >> I want my questions answered, and not answered questions. (something like that)

Front 28

Onomatopoeia?

Back 28

Use the words as a noise. "pow, bang, gurgle" Just describe Jacki Chan.

Front 29

As a part of language, Alliteration means?

Back 29

Repeats the initial sounds in a connected pattern of words >> We don't need the doctrine of dumbing down.

Front 30

As a part of language, Parallel Construction means?

Back 30

Repeats the same pattern of words >> I have a dream, I have a dream.

Front 31

What is a Red Herring?

Back 31

A deliberate attempt to change the subject, diverting attention.

Front 32

What is the Myth of the Mean?

Back 32

Uses averages to cover up problems.

Front 33

What is a Slippery Slope?

Back 33

Extrapolating larger effects from one cause >> Because of this final Wissot, we will hang ourselves from pressure, and then Pepperdine will go out of business, and the world will end. Thanks Wissot.

Front 34

What is an Ad hominem?

Back 34

Basically making it personal.

Attempting to tie the validity of your opponent's argument to his personal credibility rather than its intrinsic merits

Front 35

How does a speaker gain access/control of the Ethos of an audience? (Different from the stages of Ethos)

Back 35

- Dynamism
- Good Will
- Competence
- Integrity

Front 36

Name the three types of Testimony, and define what they are?

Back 36

- Expert Testimony
- Lay Testimony
- Prestige Testimony

Front 37

Stages of Credibility for Ethos?

Back 37

Initial Stage: Appearance
Emerging Stage: This is happening as you speak.
Terminal Stage: Your reputation

Front 38

Ethylene?

Back 38

Syllogism without the conclusion.

A = B, B = C but no concussion.

Front 39

Define Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Back 39

Attention
Need
Satisfy
Visualization
Action

Front 40

There are 10 structures for speeches, name three of them.

Back 40

- Spatial: Arranges points in space.
- Sequential: Terms in order of importance.
- Chronological: Time order
- Comparative: Juxtaposes two different things.
- Causation: A pattern that presents the causes.
- Problem-solution:
- Motivated Sequence (monroes)
- Refutative: Respond to problems.
- Narrative: Story

Front 41

The types of Informative Speeches?

Back 41

- Demonstration
- Description
- Explanations
- Briefings

Front 42

What is the Toulmin model of argument?

Back 42

1. Claim: the position or claim being argued for; the conclusion of the argument.
2. Grounds: reasons or supporting evidence that bolster the claim.
3. Warrant: the principle, provision or chain of reasoning that connects the grounds/reason to the claim.
4. Backing: support, justification, reasons to back up the warrant.
5. Rebuttal/Reservation: exceptions to the claim; description and rebuttal of counter-examples and counter-arguments.
6. Qualification: specification of limits to claim, warrant and backing. The degree of conditionality asserted.

Front 43

What does Non-Sequitor mean?

Back 43

The principle does not relate to the observation?

Prisoners use drugs as collateral, and this becomes dangerous. We should kill prisoners, so we dont have drug problem.

Front 44

What is the illogical fallacy of the Post-Hoc Effect?

Back 44

Assumes something happened after the event.

Front 45

What is the Straw-Man argument.

Back 45

Downplay the argument to make it seem small and lame that they would even argue it.

Front 46

What are the three Persuasive speech designs?

Back 46

- Refutative
- Problem-Solution
- Monroe's

Front 47

How does the Toulmin model of argumentation work?

Back 47

The Data and Claim is the key argument. The qualifier is between the Data and Claim. The Backing is the foundation of the argument and assists in any conflicts multiple warrants may make. The Warrant acts as the major premise. And the Reservations make clear the environments where the warrant may not work.

Front 48

What is the boomerang effect?

Back 48

To much change, to strong lashes back at the speaker.

Use the Foot-In-The-Door theory to resolve.

Front 49

What is the inoculation effect?

Back 49

The audience cant understand whats wrong until you know the opposing side.

Front 50

The sleeper effect?

Back 50

Delayed effect on the audience, no intentional, but they will think not act on the action.

Front 51

Types of Ceremonial speeches?

Back 51

- Tribute
- Acceptance
- Introduction
- Inspiration
- After-dinner

Front 52

What are the types of Narratives?

Back 52

- Master narrative: the whole speech becomes a story, with an important truth at the end.
- Vicarious experience: Speaker invites audience to imagine themselves as...
- Embedded Narrative: Used as evidence for a support, or a story in a speech.

Front 53

What is the difference between Transactional leadership, and Transformational leadership?

Back 53

Transactional: Environment based on power relationships, with punishments.
Transformational: Appeals to peoples higher levels of motivation.

Front 54

Strategies of Apologia?

Back 54

- Denial; doesn’t contradict what the audience knows is true
- Bolstering; Positive attitudes to overshadow issue
- Transcendence; instead of focusing on actual issue, focus more on a broad general issue
- Differentiation; Compare what was accused on what really happened.

Front 55

According to the Classical Origins Article?

The three forms of public speaking are?

Back 55

Forensic, Deliberative, and Ceremonial

Front 56

According to the Classical Origins Article?

Corax's four components of forensic speechs?

Back 56

Introduction, narration, argument, conclusion

Front 57

According to the Classical Origins Article?

Ciceros five great arts?

Back 57

Invention, arrangement, style, memory, delivery.

Front 58

According to lectures, what does the Door-In-The-Face theory?

Back 58

Throw out a large request you know will be rejected, so you can get a smaller request through.

Front 59

What is the process of Persuasion?

AUAEI

Back 59

Awareness, understanding, agreement, enactment, integration.

Front 60

What are the 6 steps in the co-active approach?

Back 60

CHECK BOOK>>

Front 61

Protagoras?

Back 61

Debate tests all truth. "Man is the measure of all things."

Front 62

Gorgias?

Back 62

Create appearance of truth.

Front 63

Isocrates?

Back 63

Not personal, but what people can contribute to the economy as a whole.

Front 64

Corax?

Back 64

Certainty is hard to get in dispute.

Front 65

Thrasymachus?

Back 65

Cannot get divine truth, must focus on power.

Front 66

Co-active approach?

Back 66

- Identify
- Emphasize experiences
- Emphasize explanations
- Emphasize agreement vs disagreements
- Cite credible sources
- Set modest goals.

Front 67

The values of Apologia?

Back 67

Ethics
Results
Truths
Aesthetics

Front 68

Goals of Apologia?

Back 68

Absolution
Justification
Vindication
Explanative