Winter Pharm Final Drug List

Front 1

Bromocriptine

Back 1

DA agonist, dec prolactin, tx hyperprolactinemia

Front 2

Cabergoline

Back 2

DA agonist, DOC for hyperprolactinemia

Front 3

Somatropin, Somatrem

Back 3

GH agonist, prevent growth failure, tx turners

Front 4

Mecasermin, Mecasermin Rinfabate

Back 4

Inc IGF t1/2, pts unresponsive to GH therapy

Front 5

Octreotide, Lantreotide

Back 5

Somatostatin Agonist (GH Antagnoist) tx GH excess (acromegaly), reduce tumor size/growth VIP adenomas and Carcinoid tumors

Front 6

Pegvisomant

Back 6

GH receptor antagonist, tx GH excess (acromegaly), can induce growth of GH-secreting tumor from lack of negative feedback

Front 7

Gonadorelin

Back 7

Agonist of GnRH, tx infertility, diagnose hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Front 8

Leuprolide, Gosarelin, Nafarelin (Lower Gonadotropin Numbers)

Back 8

Long acting GnRH agonist causes inhibition of gonadotropin, used to silence the HPG axis, tx prostate, breast CA, endometriosis

Front 9

Cetrorelix, Granirelix (Relax the hormones)

Back 9

GnRH antagonist, suppresses LH and FSH for in vitro fertilization

Front 10

hMG, Menotropins

Back 10

Used as a FSH drug, give first before an LH drug to induce ovulation to tx infertility

Front 11

hCG

Back 11

LH agonist, used second after an FSH drug to induce ovulation and to tx infertility

Front 12

Diethylstilbestrol

Back 12

HRT drug, contraceptive use, tx primary hypogonadism at age 11-13

Front 13

Tamoxifen, Toremifene (Ta-Ta's)

Back 13

SERM, agonist at uterus and bone, ANTagnoist at breast, tx advanced E dependent breast CA, increases risk of uterine CA

Front 14

Raloxifene

Back 14

SERM, ANTagnoist at both breast and uterus, agonist at bone and liver, used to tx postmenopausal osteoporosis, reduces uterine CA occurrence

Front 15

Clomiphene

Back 15

SERM, antagonist to hypothalamus, stimulates secretion of LH and FSH from decreased negative feedback resulting in ovulation to tx infertility

Front 16

Fulvestrant

Back 16

Pure estrogen receptor antagonist

Front 17

Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemastane (Aromatic ALE)

Back 17

Competitive inhibitor of Aromatase, last line of defense in advanced breast CA in post menopausal women when tamoxifen doesn't work

Front 18

Progesterone, Medroxyprogesterone

Back 18

Pregnanes, synthesized by CL in luteal phase, antagonize mineralcorticoid receptor

Front 19

Norethindrone

Back 19

Estrane, both progestin and androgenic activity, combine with E in oral contraceptives, prevent endometrial hyperplasia in HRT

Front 20

Mifepristone

Back 20

Block binding of progestin to progesterone receptor which terminates pregnancy and prevents implantation up to 72 hrs post intercourse, antagonizes glucocorticoid receptor

Front 21

Danzol (Ovaries are done-zo)

Back 21

Weak progestin and androgen that suppresses ovarian function, used to tx endometriosis

Front 22

Drospirenone / Ethinyl Estradiol (Yaz)

Back 22

Uses E and Spironolactone derivative (mineralcorticoid antagonist) that is a progesterone agonist, decrease H2O retention, FDA approved for tx PMDD sx

Front 23

Testosterone

Back 23

Binds to androgen receptor, transported to nucleus --> synthesis of mRNA, tx for testicular deficiency in males, hypopituitarism in females, nephrosis pts / debilitated post-op pts of both sexes

Front 24

Flutamide (Females usually play the flute)

Back 24

Androgen receptor antagonist (Anti-androgen, anti-male characteristic), tx prostate CA, used topically for hirsutism and male pattern baldness
Flutamide + Leuprolide --> Tx Prostate CA

Front 25

Finasteride, Dutasteride

Back 25

5a-reductase inhibitors (converts T --> DHT) so lower levels of DHT and higher levels of T, used to tx BPH, male pattern baldness, TERATOGENIC

Front 26

Glucagon

Back 26

Inc blood glucose levels by metabolizing hepatic glycogen when it is available

Front 27

Diazoxide

Back 27

Non-diuretic thiazide, used to tx insulinomas, inhibits insulin secretion

Front 28

Tolbutamide, Chlorprop-Amide

Back 28

T - Safest 1st gen sulfonylurea in the elderly, t(1/2) = 4-5 hrs, stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic B cells ...... C - 1st gen Sulfonylurea, t(1/2) of 32 hrs, disulfiram effect

Front 29

Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride (3G)

Back 29

2nd Gen Sulfonylurea's, more potent than 1st gen, stimulate release of insulin from B cells.....Glyburide + Glimepiride have 24 hour duration (qd), Glipizide has a t(1/2) of 2-4 hrs, 18 hr duration

Front 30

Repaglinide, Nateglinide

Back 30

Not sulfas, inc K release by binding to the K+ receptor channel, rapid action, give BEFORE FOOD, lowers postprandial serum GLU, lowers HbA1c, used for pts c sulfa allergy

Front 31

Metformin

Back 31

Biguanide, inc GLU REMOVAL from blood, doesn't effect insulin release, slows GLU absorption in GI tract, dec gluconeogenesis, safe for kids, no wt gain or hypoglycemia

Front 32

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

Back 32

Thiazolidinediones, insulin sensitizers, bind to nuclear PPARy receptor leading to inc GLUT synthesis in adipose, extremely long t(1/2) 103-158 hrs, use in combo c metformin, lowers insulin resistance, dec development of T2DM, can cause edema, NOT EFFECTIVE C T1DM, ONLY T2DM

Front 33

Acarbose, Miglitol

Back 33

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors, delay carb digestion and absorption, dec postprandial serum GLU levels, no wt change SE's

Front 34

Exenatide (Byetta)

Back 34

GLP-1 synthetic analog, resistant to DDP-IV degradation, promotes better glycemic control and decreases postprandial and fasting glucose, am/pm SubQ injections 60 mins before meals

Front 35

Stagliptin

Back 35

DDP-IV inhibitor, increases effects of incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, decrease postprandial serum glucose, slightly dec HbA1c, no wt changes, may improve B cell function

Front 36

Pramlintide

Back 36

Amylin-like peptide, adjunct to insulin tx in both T1DM and T2DM, slows gastric emptying without altering nutrient absorption, works c insulin to regulate postprandial glucose concentration

Front 37

Oxytocin

Back 37

Given parenterally or transmucosally, DOC to induce labor at term (IV), prevent/control hemorrhage (IM), stimulate milk let-down

Front 38

Ergonovine Maleate

Back 38

Ergot alkaloid, induces contraction of uterine sm mm, used after L+D of placenta to produce firm uterine contractions and dec uterine bleeding, can cause hepatic renal or obliterative vascular disease, causes peripheral vasoconstriction, NEVER USED TO INDUCE LABOR

Front 39

Dinoprostone

Back 39

Prostaglandin (PGE2), used to induce expulsion of uterine products in intrauterine fetal death, missed abortion or elective abortion

Front 40

Carboprost Tromethamine (prostin M15 hemabate)

Back 40

Prostaglandin, induces abortion between 13-20th week

Front 41

Alcohol (IV)

Back 41

Direct relaxation of myometrium + inhibit oxytocin release, NOT FDA APPROVED FOR TX PREMATURE LABOR

Front 42

MgSO4 (IV)

Back 42

Relaxes uterine contraction via direct effect on uterine cells, IV given to pre-eclamptic pts to prevent convulsions

Front 43

Indomethacin

Back 43

PG Synthase inhibitor, can delay preterm labor, close PDA

Front 44

Hydroxyprogesterone (Progesterone)

Back 44

Give prophylactically in 16th to 37th week to lenghten pregnancy

Front 45

Nifedipine

Back 45

Calcium channel blocker, 2nd in line tx of premature labor when 1st choice fails

Front 46

Nitroglycerine

Back 46

EMERGENCY USE ONLY, sudden transient cervicouterine relaxation within 45-90 seconds

Front 47

Cortisone

Back 47

Tx for Addison's, replacement tx for chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

Front 48

Hydrocortisone

Back 48

DOC for replacement tx in pts c secondary adrenal insufficiency

Front 49

Prednisone, Prednisolone

Back 49

Anti-inflammatory, primary glucocorticoid properties

Front 50

Methylprednisolone

Back 50

NO mineralcorticoid activity, high glucocorticoid activity, anti-inflammatory

Front 51

Dexamethasone

Back 51

Long acting, DOC for cerebral edema

Front 52

Fluticasone

Back 52

Most commonly prescribed glucocorticoid for inhaled and intranasal use

Front 53

Fludrocortisone

Back 53

High mineralcorticoid properties, mild glucocorticoid properties, similar to aldosterone, used c glucocorticoid as replacement therapy in addisons (MINERALCORTICOID REPLACEMENT)

Front 54

Mitotane

Back 54

Inhibits corticosteroid synthesis, causes atrophy of fasciculata and reticularis, used in primary adrenal carcinoma + to produce remission in Cushing's

Front 55

Aminoglutethimide

Back 55

"Amino inhibits adrenals" Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, which inhibits adrenal steroid synthesis, tx Cushing's/ metastatic breast CA + prostate CA

Front 56

Ketoconazole

Back 56

Antifungal that inhibits steroid formation, high doses used to for pre-surgery or to tx Cushings, NOT APPROVED LONG TERM

Front 57

Metyrapone

Back 57

Inhibitor of CYP11B1 (terminal enzyme of cortisol synthesis), UNAVAILABLE IN US, only drug that can be given to pregnant women, decreases cortisol and aldosterone

Front 58

Mifepristone (ACTH lecture)

Back 58

Antagonist of progesterone receptors and glucocorticoid lectures, induces abortions, used for inoperable pts c ACTH secreting tumors who have not responded to other tx

Front 59

Spironolactone

Back 59

K+ sparing diuretic, competes c aldosterone for binding sites, tx for primary aldosteronism, tx hirsutism and ascites

Front 60

Levothyroxine Sodium

Back 60

T4, DOC for treating hypothyroidism, keeps TSH in normal range, takes time to bring TSH back to normal levels, take on an empty stomach

Front 61

Liothyronine Sodium

Back 61

T3, initial therapy for myxedema, NOT FOR MAINTENANCE

Front 62

Propylthiouracil (PTU), Methylthiouracil

Back 62

DOC for Grave's disease, inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormone, can cause GRANULOCYTOPENIA AND AGRANULOCYTOSIS (sore throat), DOC in preggo as it doesn't cross the placenta readily

Front 63

Iodide

Back 63

Rapid decrease in release of thyroid hormone, decrease synthesis of T3/T4, used before thyroid surgery to decrease vascularity of thyroid

Front 64

Radioactive Iodine

Back 64

Low dose = diagnostic, high dose = thyroid ablation, elderly/heart pts to tx thyrotoxicosis

Front 65

Propanolol

Back 65

B blocker used to treat S/S of hyperthyroidism, dont give to pts c asthma/obstructive airway disease

Front 66

Calcitonin

Back 66

Inhibits bone resorption + antagonizes actions of PTH, give intranasally or injected

Front 67

Teriparatide

Back 67

Intermittent spikes of PTH, will cause more of an increase in bone formation than bone resorption, tx osteoporosis

Front 68

Aldendronate (bisphosphonates)

Back 68

Inhibits osteoclastic activity + bone resorption, tx post-menopausal osteoporosis, give once weekly

Front 69

Isoproterenol

Back 69

Non-selective B agonist, not used, causes more SE's, inc likelyhood of death from asthma

Front 70

Albuterol

Back 70

B2 agonist, not likely to create tolerance, tx mild/moderate asthma, causes bronchodilation, activates adenylate cyclase + inc cAMP

Front 71

Levalbuterol

Back 71

B2 agonist, l-isomer of albuterol, causes more bronchodilation than albuterol, less SE's

Front 72

Pirbuterol

Back 72

B2 agonist, CANT BE USED C SPACER, difficult to use in acute cases

Front 73

Salmeterol, Formoterol

Back 73

Bronchoselective B2 agonists, can develop tolerance, give prophylactically to control chronich or severe asthma, sold as a combo c corticosteroid (Advair), NOT FOR ACUTE USE takes time to take effect

Front 74

Ipratropium

Back 74

Muscarinic antagonist, causes bronchodilation in lung, tx COPD

Front 75

Theophylline

Back 75

Blocks adenosine receptors, inhibits phosphodiesterase and inc cAMP --> relaxes bronchiole sm mm, narrow therapeutic index, tx COPD, antacids block absorption --> CANT BREATHE

Front 76

Beclomethasone, Funisolide

Back 76

Inhaled steroids, dec inflammation in airways, improve sx, can cause Thrush and hoarseness, many pulmonary docs believe that this should be prescribed as 1st line tx

Front 77

Methylprednisolone, Prednisone

Back 77

Oral steroids, not usually used b/c of significant SE's

Front 78

Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Pranlukast (-kast)

Back 78

Block leukotriene receptor, dec inflammation in airway of asthmatics, must be taken chronically, WONT STOP AN ASTHMA ATTACK, inhibits early response to allergens and asthmatic responses to cold air/exercise

Front 79

Zileuton

Back 79

Blocks 5-lipooxygenase, dec synthesis of leukotrienes, dec inflammation in airways of asthmatics, must be taken chronically, not for acute attack

Front 80

Cromolyn Sodium

Back 80

Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells, tx asthma IN KIDS, take multiple times a day to be effective

Front 81

Omalizumab

Back 81

Monoclonal AB targeted at IgE, preventing its binding to mast cells and basophils, prevent allergic reactions in pt's c moderate or severe asthma

Front 82

Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, Hydroxyzine (DPH)

Back 82

Very sedating H1 antagonists, used for allergic rhinitis (D), motion sickness, sleep aide (All)

Front 83

Bromocriptine, Chlorpheneramine

Back 83

Block H1 receptors, moderatly sedating, tx allergic rhinitis

Front 84

Certrizine, Fexofenadine, Loratidine (CFL)

Back 84

Non sedating H1 receptor blocker, tx allergic rhinitis, don't use c hx of seizure, antihistamines, dec seizure threshold

Front 85

Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium, Aluminum Hydroxie, Sodium Bicarb

Back 85

Neutralize Acid to form salt and H2O, Mg = inc gastric motility and causes diarrhea, Al = dec gastric motility and causes constipation

Front 86

Maalox (Mg + Al)

Back 86

Combo which decreases SE's of both drugs (counteract each other)

Front 87

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine (-tidine)

Back 87

H2 Antagonists, blocks H2 receptor --> inhibit gastric acid secretion (Cimetidine inhibits CYP3A, dec metabolism of other drugs), used for reflux esophagitis, ZE syndrome, and post-op to decrease damate from aspiration

Front 88

Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeproazole, Pantoprazole (-prazole)

Back 88

PPI's - irreversible inhibit proton pump, SELECTIVE for GI parietal cell, almost total inhibitio nof gastric acid secretion...... DOC GERD, ulcers, ZE syndrome (O. E. and L. inhibit CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 so they have significant drug interactions)

Front 89

Sucralfate

Back 89

Al salt, polymerizes to form sticky, viscous protective barrier over ulcer crater, SE - constipation, tx Ulcers

Front 90

Misoprostol (Ulcer lecture)

Back 90

Prostaglandin E1 analog, prevent ulceration induced by NSAID's, increase mucus secretion, DONT GIVE TO PREGGO CAN CAUSE ABORTION

Front 91

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto)

Back 91

Coats stomach, anti H. Pylori, anti-diarrheal, DONT GIVE TO PTS C ASPIRIN ALLERGY OR KIDS (can cause Reye's syndrome)

Front 92

Bethanecol

Back 92

Muscarinic agonist, enhances motility and tone in GI tract, tx post-op ileus / gastric hypomobility

Front 93

Metoclopramide

Back 93

D2 receptor antagonist, enhances motility and tone in upper GI tract + esophageal sphincter, tx gastroparesis (stomach paralysis), GERD, gastric hypomotility post-op and acts as an antiemetic, DONT GIVE TO PREGGO

Front 94

Glycopyrrolate, Dicyclomine

Back 94

Anti-cholinergic, blocks choinergic stimulation of the GI tract, DEC motility, tx IBS

Front 95

Alosetron

Back 95

Blocks 5HT3 receptors, tx women c severe diarrhea-predominant IBS, SE = constipation, DONT USE IN PTS C GI DEFICIENCY OR DISEASE

Front 96

Dietary Fiber, Methylcellulose, Psyllium

Back 96

Inc bulk of feces by attracting H2O, DRINK A LOT OF WATER WITH THESE, tx chronic constipation

Front 97

Mg Hydroxide, Sodium salts, lactulose, sorbitol/mannitol, polyethylene glycol

Back 97

Osmotic laxatives, poorly absorbed salts/sugars that hold water in the intestine, NOT FOR ROUTINE USE, clean out bowel for surgery or dx procedures

Front 98

Bisacodyl

Back 98

Acts on mucosa to inhibit absorption of H2O

Front 99

Senna

Back 99

Plant extract that acts on mucosa to stimulate peristalsis

Front 100

Castor Oil

Back 100

Combines c bile to form ricinoleic acid in intestine that acts on mucosa to stimulate intense emptying of bowel, DONT GIVE C BILIARY OBSTRUCTION

Front 101

Docusate Sodium

Back 101

Allows H20 to penetrate colonic contents and softens stools

Front 102

Lubiprostine

Back 102

Inc intestinal fluid secretion by activating CIC-2 Cl- channels in luminal cells of intestinal epithelium, stool softener, SE's = spontaneous BM's + nausea, won't develop tolerance

Front 103

Loperimide (Immodium)

Back 103

OTC opioid analog that decreases peristalsis, doesn't cross BBB, tx diarrhea + create constipation, DONT USE IN U.C. PTS, CAN LEAD TO TOXIC MEGACOLON

Front 104

Diphenoxylate + Atropine

Back 104

Inhibits cholinergic receptors, dec peristalsis, tx diarrhea, elicit constipation

Front 105

Colloidal Bismuth Salicylate

Back 105

Absorb excess H2O, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis --> anti-inflammatory, tx traveler's diarrhea, SE = black stools, DONT GIVE TO PTS TAKING ASPIRIN OR IN KIDS (Reyes)

Front 106

Octreotide

Back 106

Somatostatin analogue that inhibits gastrin release, give IV to tx carcinoid / VIP tumor

Front 107

Sulfasalazine

Back 107

Mild anti-inflammatory, tx UC sx + mild anti-diarrheal, DONT GIVE TO PTS TAKING ASPIRIN OR KIDS (Reyes)

Front 108

Simethicone

Back 108

Anti-flatulent that dissapates gas and makes it pass easier, can cause a loose external anal sphincter