Wildlife/exotic Parasites

Front 1

wild animals serve as ______ of infectious agents to domestic animals

Back 1

reservoirs

Front 2

how can parasites flow from wildlife?

Back 2

arthropod vectors, contaminated food/water, thru environment, contact with wildlife host

Front 3

why is difficult to define parasites in wildlife

Back 3

access to wildlife, lack of info on hosts/geographical distributions, validation of diagnostic tests in wildlife

Front 4

angriostrongylus cantonensis

Back 4

rat lungworm. IH: snails/slugs. PH: crustaceans/amphibians.

Front 5

baylisascaris procyonis

Back 5

causes neuro disease in 90+ wildlife species

Front 6

plasmodium knowlesi

Back 6

macaques, malarial dz. Rare for it to switch to humans as a host, but humans can "Catch' the dz from infected macaques

Front 7

trypanosoma brucei

Back 7

3 subspecies- brucei, rhodesiense, gambiense. Gambiense associated with the emergence of HIV/AIDS

Front 8

sarcoptes scabiei

Back 8

transient, but there is slight risk for humans in contact with wildlife. Detrimental to red fox/coyote populations. Threat to endangered/isolated wildlife populations

Front 9

what does sarcoptes scabiei cause?

Back 9

intense pruritis accompanied by erythtmatous eruptions, papule ormation, seborrheoea and alopecia

Front 10

where does sarcoptes scabiei usually affect animals?

Back 10

elbow/hocks --> base of tail --> back and distal tail. Can be generalized or localized

Front 11

cryptosporidium spp.

Back 11

common in wildlife. Unsure of how wildlife are sources for humans/domestic animals

Front 12

giardia spp

Back 12

intestinalis, ardeae/psittaci, muris, agilis

Front 13

toxoplasma gondii

Back 13

toxoplasmosis in many wildlife species. Wild game is source of infection to humans/domestics

Front 14

trichinella spp.

Back 14

over 150 host species found worldwide. Well tolerated In wildlife

Front 15

paralaphostrongylus tenuis

Back 15

affects WTD in eastern NA. abnormal hosts include sheep, goats, llamas and other wild cervids. Clinical signs include rear leg weakness-ataxia, circling, incoordination, blindness, head tilt, emaciation, paralysis

Front 16

dermacentor albipictus

Back 16

ungulate hosts: moose, WTD, elk, mule deer, woodland caribou. Domestics: horse/cattle

Front 17

dermacentor albipictus clinical signs in moose

Back 17

characteristic hair loss- neck, shoulders, perianal region. Preoccupation with grooming and rubbing, emaciation

Front 18

fascioloides magna impact

Back 18

decreased moose calf survival, predisposing factor for wolf predation, reduce antler points, reduce buck fitness for WTD, reduced repro potential for WTD

Front 19

taenia

Back 19

canids, felids, and mustelids are DH, prey species are IH

Front 20

echinococcus

Back 20

e. granulosus most common, e. multilocularis most pathogenic

Front 21

anisakis

Back 21

parasitic nematode that affects fish. Highly infective to humans

Front 22

encephalitozoon cuniculi

Back 22

affects rabbits, rodents. Transmitted to humans through infected urine, organism is environmentally resistant. Causes neuro signs, renal disease

Front 23

parasites that affect exotic small mammals

Back 23

dirofilaria immitis, otodectes cynotis, psoroptes cuniculi, encephalitozoon cuniculi

Front 24

parasites that affect ornamental fish

Back 24

ichthyophthirius multifilis, lernaea, spp

Front 25

parasite that affects reptiles and amphibians

Back 25

ophionyssus natricis

Front 26

exotic companion bird parsites

Back 26

haemoproteus, leucocytozoon, plasmodium, knemidokoptes, heterakis, ascaridia

Front 27

dirofilaria immitis in ferrets

Back 27

life cycle somewhat similar to cats/dogs. L3 via mosquito, can reach heart within 70 d, worm burden of 1-21. most adults in cr and cd vena cava

Front 28

can ferrets be treated for HW?

Back 28

yes, but poor success rate, and off-label

Front 29

otodectes cyanotis in ferrets

Back 29

smelly, black/grey earwax, pruritis, oozing, cruesting, hair loss around head and neck. Treat with selamectin, ivermectin, imadacloprid/mocidectin- need to treat other pets in household as well

Front 30

trixacurus caviae

Back 30

sarcoptic mite of guinea pigs, clinical signs: pruritis, alopecia, erythema, thickened skin, self induced trauma, secondary bact infection.

Front 31

is trixacurus caviae zoonotic?

Back 31

yes

Front 32

signs of psoroptes cuniculi in rabbits?

Back 32

head shaking, scratching ears, crust in ear canal

Front 33

what other species can psoroptes cuniculi

Back 33

mild in sheep/goats

Front 34

treatment for psoroptes cuniculi?

Back 34

ivermecic SC every 2 weeks for 3 treatments, selamectin topically every month, mineral oil in ears

Front 35

what is encephalitozoon cuniculi?

Back 35

a fungus (microspordian) that parasitizes rabbits, infecting liver, kidney, brain and spinal cord

Front 36

signs of encephalitozoon cuniculi

Back 36

partial or complete paralysis, loss of coordination, seizures, head tilt, kidney failure, urinary incontinence, uveitis

Front 37

encephalitozoon cuniculi treatment

Back 37

fenbendazole for 28 days

Front 38

is encephalitizoon cuniculi zoonotic?

Back 38

yes, opportunistic in immunocompromised humans

Front 39

ichyophthirius multifiliis clinical signs

Back 39

small raised white nodules, fish scratching along rocks and gravel, lethargy, impaired respiration

Front 40

lernaea spp clinical signs

Back 40

white or red "Worms" attached to lesions, flashing, erythema at attachment site, lethargy, secondary bacterial infection

Front 41

why is anchorworm (lernaea) a misnomer?

Back 41

it Is actually a crustacean

Front 42

ophionyssus natricis

Back 42

snake mite

Front 43

what is leucocytozoon transmitted by

Back 43

black flies

Front 44

what is haemoproteus transmitted by

Back 44

hippoboscid flies

Front 45

what is plasmodium transmitted by?

Back 45

culex mosquitos

Front 46

what do leucocytozon, haemoproteus and plasmodium all cause?

Back 46

bird malaraia and malaria like hemoprotozoans of birds

Front 47

two ascarids of poultry and many wild birds

Back 47

heterakis and ascaridia

Front 48

where can knemidokoptes spp affect?

Back 48

mutans- leg; jamaicensis-legs, pilae- face/vent/legs

Front 49

signs of knemidokoptes spp?

Back 49

pruritis, pitting, scaly, crusty lesion, localized swelling of tissue, loose scales, thick and deformed legs

Front 50

knemidokopts treatment

Back 50

ivermectin every ten days for 4 treatments