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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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interacting factors that control land's inherent capacity to produce quality wildlife
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Geology—underlying rock formations
Soil Characteristics Topography Vegetation Climate Land use by man & animals |
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what feeding adaptation is made when animals are not getting adequate nutrition from poor soil
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eat choice parts- fruits, nuts, young shoots.
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how do you know which plants deer are using for food
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skin the deer and open up the rumen
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key to cover
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recognize specific needs; provide sufficient quantity, quality.
Improvements for one affect all—may be + or – Balance |
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two habitat factors that decide home range?
3 that contribute to that 2? |
Main factors—Food, Water, Cover
Others Body size Food pref. Carrying capacity Mobility Territorial or social |
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Intermixing habitat types is called
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Interspersion
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Change over time to climax. Fig.4
E.G. fallow field to forest Thru the years Characteristic of regions, forest types |
succession
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what helps you decide whether or not to manage an existing forest, or harvest and regenerate
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by condition of existing stand & whether it can be improved for wildlife & timber production.
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2 advantages of of small clear cuts
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1) Quail & Turkey early pine users—food, nesting, brood rearing—declines in 5 +/- yrs.
2) Highly nutritious weeds, grass, woody veg. (leaves, twigs, buds), & fruits abundant |
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2 things to improve a large clear cut
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Irregular shape, Buffer Strips
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Stream-side Management Zone
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Shade waterways, protect habitat that borders and stabilize the banks
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2 steps in a wildlife habitat plan
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Land management objectives & priorities
Resource inventory |
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1)Dormant season burn vs.
2)Spring & summer—growing season |
1)no ground nester effect,
enhances legumes, hardwood sprouts, insects leaves escape cover via patchy mosaic burn 2) Control hardwood; hurts pine if too hot possible nest destruction; plan to protect & retain patchy escape cover against predation |
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Forest stands are dependent on what 3 things
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Vegetative structure, productivity of land, Age
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common threads of behavior by conservation leaders?
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promote wildlife conservation & natural resources stewardship.
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what are the steps in wildlife management prescription
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Land management objectives & priorities
Resource inventory Site specific habitat improvement recom. Schedule for management practices Record keeping--ongoing |
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what are the follow up steps after it has been carried out
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implementation
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what does the keg represent
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ecosystem management
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What helps determine the IRR of a piece of property
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Timber Value, Land Value
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Reproduction is the key to success in quail. Why is winter survival so important.
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influences nesting and breeder #'s
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What should the structure of a quail habitat look like?
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Forbes and weeds, thick cover but semi bare ground for scurrying. Need brushy woody areas for winter cover
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2 habitat ranges for quail, what 2 functions dictate these habitat ranges?
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Nesting- Spring summer
Covey- Fall winter |
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What are three characteristics of a Deer HERD you can manage
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Density, age structure, sex ratio
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What are the three components to the triangle of quality deer management
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habitat mgmt, herd mgmt, hunter mgmt
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Maximum # of animals a habitat can support
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Environmental carrying capacity
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why is it important to have a balanced 1:1 sex ratio
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Creates better reproductive output
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What indicates QDM has been achieved
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habitat quality, deer are in good physical condition, better reproductive output because of a shorter more intense breeding season
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discounted cash flow analysis
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Present Value of Future Cash Flows over a determined holding period at a pre-set discount rate.
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Three requirements disease transmission
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Source—diseased animals or their parts serve as reservoirs or vectors for pathogen
Susceptible host Means of transmission |
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Pathogen
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viruses, parasites, fungi, & bacteria that are infectious or spread disease
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Wild Turkey Disease
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Avian pox—mosquitoes & inhaled scabs
Histomoniasis (blackhead) Released & domestic birds such as ring-necked pheasants can be carriers |
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Rabbits
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tularemia (bacterial) may infect humans
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Fox, Coyote, Coon
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Canine distemper, Rabies
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Swine brucellosis
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abortion in sows, infertility in boars; can be transmitted to domestic hogs, cattle, humans
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Pseudorabies
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a herpes virus; can be fatal infection for dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, goats; also skunk, fox, opossum
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Leptospirosis
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can live in water (wallows or rooting); can be transmitted to dogs
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Vitamins
Minerals |
-maintain growth & vigor
-bone & tooth formation & maintenance of body functions. |
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Swine brucellosis
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abortion in sows, infertility in boars; can be transmitted to domestic hogs, cattle, humans
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Pseudorabies
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a herpes virus; can be fatal infection for dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, goats; also skunk, fox, opossum
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Leptospirosis
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can live in water (wallows or rooting); can be transmitted to dogs
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Vitamins
Minerals |
-maintain growth & vigor
-bone & tooth formation & maintenance of body functions. |
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Response to management practices for improving wildlife habitat depends on
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fertility, pH & productivity.
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Soil fertility determined by
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texture & pH.
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Detailed soil series descriptions
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Classify using descriptions based on soil types
Give soil properties, suitability & limitations Describe texture classes, drainage potential |
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pine-dominated uplands
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acidic
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Basic soils
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limestone outcrops & calcareous soils in Black Belt—Eastern Red Cedar an indicator.
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alluvial bottomlands, hardwood stands
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neutral soils
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Fertilized fish pond
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High Plankton Density
300 to 500 lbs of fish/acre |
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most limiting nutrient in SE pond
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Phosphorous
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Addition of lime
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1) Increases the pH of the bottom mud and thereby increases the availability of phosphorus in fertilizers.
2) Increases the alkalinity of water thereby increasing the availability of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. |
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To maintain balance in a fertilized pond, bass must be harvested at a
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rate of 20 to 30 pounds, per acre, per year.
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In a balanced pond, you find
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bass and bream fry and a few 3 to 5-inch bream.
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critical habitat
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an area required for a species’ normal needs & survival
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Two bats—the Gray & the Indiana
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Main threats tend to be disturbance of roosting or nesting or hibernating caves.
Leave vegetated buffer around cave mouth |
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species of highest conservation concern-listed as rare.
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Black bear
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Federal funding for state fish & wildlife agencies & their partners to design & implement a more comprehensive approach wildlife conservation. Funds used to manage & conserve declining species-avoid their potential listing under the ESA
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State wildlife grant
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Sustainable Forestry initiative
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a voluntary 3rd-party forest certification began in the 1990’s thru AF&PA
Market had concerns about forest mgt & illegal logging, primarily in developing countries. |
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Landowners may apply for permit if activities may incidentally take a protected species
Provides limited protection from sanctions in the event of unintentional & unavoidable take Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) required for this permit provides some protection for species |
ESA Sec.10—Incidental Take
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