Wildlife And Exotics

Front 1

West Nile Virus in field infected birds:
Gross pathology ranked by frequency?

Back 1

1. splenomegaly
2. calvarial or meningial hemorrhages
3. kidney congestion or nephritis
4. (tie between GI hemorrhage and lung congestion, edema, or hemorrhage)
5. myocarditis or myocardial hemorrhage

Hint 1

CLDavis 2007 Hofmeister Emerging Diseases of Wildlife

Front 2

Callitrichid Hepatitis and Golden Lion Tamarins:
Etiology?
Pathology?

Back 2

New hepatotropic strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). enveloped RNA virus, 85-105 cm. Arenavirus. Zoonotic.
1980's. Callitrichid hepatitis. Acidophilic (Councilman-like) bodies. Lesser involvement of other parenchymal organs and lymphoid necrosis.
1991 golden lion tamarins and pygmy marmosets: new lesion: inflammatory lesions in the brain. Source: mice.

Hint 2

Montali 2007 CLDavis

Front 3

Endotheliotropic herpesviruses in African elephants?

Back 3

2 related but distinct endotheliotropic elephant herpesviruses (EEHV). One can kill Asian elephants (contact with African elephants!) and is found localized in skin papillomas and vestibular lymphoid patches (in urogenital sinus) of captive and wild African elephants.
The other harbors in lymphoid nodules in lungs (harmless) and is found in wild African elephants. Responsible for fatal generalized infections in two captive African elephants in the USA.
So far no carrier states or localized skin infections in Asian elephants.

Hint 3

CLDavis 2007 Montali

Front 4

Endotheliotropic Elephant Herpesvirus (EEHV) in Asian elephants:
Gross?
Histo?

Back 4

Gross:
- cyanosis tongue
- diffuse intestinal serosal + splenic petechial capsular hemorrhage
- pericardial effusions / myocardial hemorrhage
- oral / intestinal ulcers, hepatopathy
Histo:
- myocarditis
- above lesions: edema, hemorrhage
- i.n. endothelial inclusions

Hint 4

Notes Jaco

Front 5

Cutaneous vasculopathy of black rhinoceros = idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy:
lesions?

Back 5

- ulcerative necrohemorrhagic dermatitis
- edema limbs / neck
- nonhemolytic anemia
- laminitis -> sloughing
Histo:
- acute fibrinoid necrosis vessels
- thrombosis
- oedema
- hemorrhage

Hint 5

Notes Jaco

Front 6

Eosinophilic granulomas black rhinoceros:
Clinical sign?
Lesions?

Back 6

Oral bleeding or epistaxis.
Oral, nasal, cutaneous lesions.
multilobulated, fungating, proliferative masses with areas of ulceration.
prominent infiltrates of eosinophils and rare foci of collagen degeneration on a background of marked submucosal or dermal neovascularization.

Hint 6

JZWM 2004 Mar;35(1):1-7

Front 7

Vesicular and ulcerative dermatopathy in black rhinoceros:
Resembles which entity?
Gross/histo?

Back 7

Resembles superficial necrolytic dermatitis.
Cutaneous and oral ulcers (vesicles)
Histo: acanthosis, hydropic degen str spinosum, spongiosis, intraepithelial vesicles, parakeratosis, NO dermal inflammation.

Hint 7

Vet Pathol. 1998 Jan;35(1):31-42

Front 8

Devil facial-tumour disease of the Tasmanian devil:
Tumor has how many chromosomes? Which chromosomes were absent?
IHC phenotype?
Consistent with which cell origin?
How often metastasis?

Back 8

- 13 chromosomes (normal cells 14); In all animals: both sex chromosomes, both chromosomes 2 and one chromosome 6 were absent; deletion of long arm of one chromosome 1; four unidentified marker chromosomes were present.
Vimentin +
S100 +
Melan A +
NSE +
chromogranine +
synaptophysin +
(negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vWF, SMA, desmin, GFAP, CD16, CD57, CD3, LSP1) (negative for amyloid, weakly argyrophilic).
Consistent with neuroectodermal origin.
Metastasis in 65 % of cases.

Hint 8

Nature vol 439, 2 Feb 2006, p 549;
Vet Pathol 43:896-903 (2006);
Vet Pathol 43:890-895 (2006).

Front 9

Chlamydiaceae in koalas:
Which etiologies are important?
Associated with which lesions?
Potential cell type as site of latency?

Back 9

Chlamydophila pecorum and Chlamydophila pneumoniae.
- pyogranulomatous pyelonephritis
- interstitial nephritis
- inflammation and fibrosis upper female repro tract (uterus, uterine tube and ovarian bursa)
- pneumonitis
Macrophage: potential site of latent persistence (epithelial cells also IHC+).

Hint 9

JCP 133(2-3):164-74 (2005)

Front 10

Frequent endometrial lesions in female aged nulliparous elephants?

Back 10

Cystic and polypoid endometrial hyperplasia (CEH). May impair fertility.

Hint 10

Vet Pathol 41:179-183 (2004)

Front 11

Important lesions / diseases reported in captive elephants?

Back 11

- Cystic (and polypoid) endometrial hyperplasia
- Degenerative joint disease
- Fractures
- Osteomyelitis
- Pododermatitis (Sole ulcerations associated with conformational abnormalities)
- Salmonellosis
- Intestinal / cecal torsion
- Renal disease
- Heart disease
- Pneumonia

Hint 11

Vet Pathol 41(2):179-83

Front 12

Black rhinoceroses seem to be predisposed for disease in zoos. Name important diseases.

Back 12

- Fungal pneumonia
- Hemolytic anemia (captive: 50 % pos. leptospira; wild: Babesia)
- Leucoencephalomalacia
- Hemochromatosis
- Ulcerative dermatitis
- Eosinophilic granulomas
- Poxviral dermatitis, vesicles, pustules
- Idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome (IHVS, characterized by severe body swelling in conjunction with a rapid and profound decrease in Hct, unknown cause)

Hint 12

JZWM 35(4):435-446

Front 13

Important viral diseases in cervids?

Back 13

- Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic disease: orbiviruses
- Adenoviral-associated Hemorrhagic Disease (Odocoileus hemonius [mule deer]; OdAdV-1)
- Vesicular Diseases (Foot-and-Mouth, Aphthovirus / Vesicular Stomatitis, Vesiculovirus)
- Deer Cutaneous Fibromas: Papillomavirus
- Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis: Alphavirus

Hint 13

Diseases and Pathology of Cervids - Scott Fitzgerald

Front 14

Haemomycoplasma in reindeer?

Back 14

Anemia; characterized by microcytosis or macrocytosis, hypochromasia, schistocytosis, keratocytosis, acanthocytosis, and dacryocytosis.
Numerous basophilic punctate to ring-shaped bodies, measuring less than 1.0 micrometers, on the surface on red blood cells, often encircling the outer margins of the cells.

Hint 14

JWD 42(2),2006,249-258

Front 15

Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) poisoning in mule deer (Odocoileius hemionus):
- clinical presentation?
- lesions? most severe where?
- etiology?

Back 15

Clinical: weight loss, scruffy, dull coat, intention tremors (similar to chronic wasting disease!).
Lesions: extensive vacuolation of visceral tissues, most severe in exocrine pancreas (!), mild in thyroid follicular epithelium, renal tubular epithelium, macrophages in many tissues.
Mild neuronal swelling and cytoplasmic vacuolation, most obvious in Purkinje cells. Axonal swelling and dystrophy in many white tracts.
- Swainsonine: inhibits lysosomal alpha mannosidase and Golgi mannosidase II; disease similar to genetic mannosidosis.

Hint 15

Vet Pathol 42:566-578 (2005)

Front 16

Cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus in wild cervids:
Described in which species?
Changes in lymphoid follicles?
Other hosts?

Back 16

Adult red deer, chamois, and roe deer.
Negative correlation between CAR bacilli infection and the presence of lymphoid follicles.
Rats and mice: chronic supp. bronchitis; bacteria in entire length of ciliated airways.
Rabbits: hyperplasia epithelium + BALT and loss cilia; bacteria in trachea.
Ruminants: tracheitis.
Pigs: no primary pathogen.

Hint 16

JWD 41(2):459-62

Front 17

Monensin toxicosis in water buffaloes:
Lesions?
Susceptibility of water buffalo seems equal, lower or higher than cattle?

Back 17

Clinical symptoms field cases: anorexia, muscular weakness, dyspnea, recumbency.
Gross field cases:
- Pale areas semitendinosus, semimembranosus
And in experimental study:
- Ascites
- Hydrothorax
- Hydropericardium
- Hepatomegaly
- Pale areas myocardium
Histo:
- field cases: segmental myofiber necrosis semit. + semim. muscles
- experimental cases: most pronounced in myocardial cells
Buffaloes seem to have a lower tolerance.

Hint 17

JVDI 18:494-496 (2006)

Front 18

Malignant catarrhal fever in free-ranging cervids (moose, roe deer, red deer) in Norway:
Gross?
Histo?
PCR results?

Back 18

Gross:
- conjunctivitis
- corneal opacity
- fibrin clots ant. eye chamber
Histo:
- nonsupp. vasculitis and perivasculitis CNS
PCR: ovine herpesvirus-2 and caprine herpesvirus-2.

Hint 18

JWD 42:4 2006 797-807

Front 19

Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (Lkt)utilizes which molecule as its receptor on which cells in bighorn sheep?

Back 19

Same as in bovine: CD18 (beta subunit of beta2 integrin).
Analogous Lkt is present in:
Escherichia coli
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Hint 19

JWD 43(1) 2007 75-81

Front 20

Mycobacterium avium subspecies infections in free-ranging red deer in Austria:
- which subspecies were found?
- main lesions?

Back 20

subspecies avium, hominissuis, and paratuberculosis.
All animals: lymphadenitis, enlargend intestinal lnn.
11/14: granulomatous lesions in/on thickened intestinal wall, mainly ileum, cecum, anterior colon.
11/14: multiple lesions in body cavities (lungs, pleura, liver, mediast.ln)

Hint 20

JWD 42(4)2006 724-731

Front 21

Setaria tundra infection in reindeer in Finland:
lesions?

Back 21

- ascites with fibrin
- peritoneal adhesions
- live and dead S. tundra nematodes
- granulomatous peritonitis with lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic infiltration

Hint 21

Vet Rec 2007 160, 835-841

Front 22

Pestivirus infection in Pyrenean chamois in France:
Lesions?
Etiology?

Back 22

- emaciation
- alopecia
- skin hyperpigmentation
- nonsuppurative encephalitis
PCR: sister unit to a novel pestivirus (Chamois-1) recently described from chamois in Spain.

Hint 22

JWD 41(3):606-610 2005

Front 23

What is suggested to be the cause of "peracute mortality syndrome" in captive giraffes?

Back 23

Energy deficient diets (together with cold; hypoglycemia).
Also: abrasive substances in diets.

Hint 23

JZWM 36(2),301-307 2005
JZWM 38(3),433-45 2007

Front 24

Sarcoids in captive zebras:
associated with which etiology?

Back 24

Bovine papillomavirus 1 (as in horses)

Hint 24

JZWM 36(1) 74-81 2005

Front 25

Malignant catarrhal fever:
Causes?

Back 25

MCF = herpesviral disease syndrome caused by a group of ruminant rhadinoviruses. Members:
- alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) wildebeest
- alcelaphine herpesvirus-2 (AlHV-2) hartebeest and topi
- ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) domestic sheep
- hippotragine herpesvirus-1 roan antilope
- caprine herpesvirus-2 goats (alopecia, chronic weight loss, dermatitis deer)
- MCF virus in white-tailed deer

Hint 25

JWD 39(4):875-80 (2003)

Front 26

Which transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are considered to be contagious?

Back 26

Scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD).

Hint 26

"Chronic Wasting Disease" Bryan Richards

Front 27

Chronic wasting disease:
clinical signs?
tissues for diagnosis?

Back 27

- progressive weight loss
- decreased social interaction, loss of awareness, loss of fear of humans
- increased drinking, urinations, excessive salivation
* retropharyngeal lymph nodes
* tonsils
* obex

Hint 27

"Chronic Wasting Disease" Bryan Richards

Front 28

Chronic wasting disease was detected in white tailed deer after inoculation with which of the following substances:
- saliva
- blood
- urine
- feces

Back 28

Saliva and blood.
NOT urine or feces

Hint 28

science 314(5796):133-136,2006

Front 29

In which disease / host are lymph node levels of PrPres higher:
CWD in elk or CWD in deer?
TSE in sheep or BSE in cow?

Back 29

Deer.
Sheep.

Hint 29

EID 13:6, 2006

Front 30

Which alleles of the PRNP gene in elk have been associated with higher susceptibility to oral inoculation with chronic wasting disease?

Back 30

MM and LM at codon 132; higher susceptibility or shorter incubation time than LL at codon 132.

Hint 30

JVDI 18(1):110-4 2006

Front 31

Chronic wasting disease:
Gross?
Histo?
IHC+ where?
EM?

Back 31

Gross:
- rough dry coat
- megaesophagus
- weight loss / emaciation
- aspiration pneumonia
- watery rumen contents
Histo:
- mostly gray matter
- bilateral symmetrical spongiform change: vacuolisation neuronal perikarya and processes
IHC:
- perineuronal extracellular plaques, granular perivascular/subependymal/subpial depositions
- lymph node germ centres
- myenteric + submucosal plexi GI
- islets of Langerhans
- adrenal medulla
- pituitary (nervosa, intermedia)

Hint 31

Vet Pathol 42:530-549 (2005)

Front 32

Nipah Virus infection:
Lesions in Pteropid bats?
Lesions in guinea pigs?

Back 32

Bats:
No gross lesions.
(pyo)granulomatous hepatitis
chronic interstitial nephritis
(lesions not associated with IHC detection)
Guinea pigs:
Gross:
- edema mesentery, broad ligament, retroperitoneal tissues
Histo:
- vasculitis with endothelial syncytial cell formation / fibrinoid necrosis of vascular walls in spleen, lymph node, kidney, myocardium, retriperitoneal tissues, bladder submucosa
- endometrial degeneration and syncytial cell formation
(IHC+ associated)

Hint 32

JCP 2007 136,266-272

Front 33

Cutaneous neoplasms in pet rabbits:
Top 3 most common cutaneous neoplasms?
4 common mesenchymal tumors?

Back 33

1. trichoblastoma
2. collagenous hamartoma
3. Shope fibroma
Mesenchymal: lipoma, myxosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, fibrosarcoma.

Hint 33

Vet Pathol 44:579-588 (2007)

Front 34

Chronic fluorosis: most affected mammal species?
Lesions in dental fluorosis?
Lesions in osteofluorosis?

Back 34

sheep, cattle, goats, horses.
enamel mottling and hypoplasia.
periosteal hyperostosis displaying a roughened irregular surface (this article: rabbits)

Hint 34

Vet Pathol 44:703-706

Front 35

How to distinguish Shope fibroma virus lesions from those of Myxoma virus?

Back 35

Myxomatosis:
- mucoid to gelatinous
- face and around body orifices
- large stellate mesenchymal ("myxoma") cells
Shope fibromatosis:
- firm flattened nodules
- legs and feet
- proliferation of fibroblasts with a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate
- eos. ICIB in fibroblasts and epithelial cells of epidermis overlying the mass

Hint 35

AFIP WSC 2006-2007 4#3 European Brown Hare

Front 36

What is malignant rabbit fibroma virus?

Back 36

Found in extracts of Shope fibroma tumors as a second virus, antigenically virtually identical to SFV, but different behavior:
Lethal tumorigenic rabbit poxvirus derived from a recombination between Shope fibroma virus and Myxomavirus.
Induces fibroma-like tumors that disseminate extensively and do not regress. No inclusion bodies.
Reduces T and B cell function -> immunodepression.

Hint 36

AFIP WSC 2006-2007 4#3 European Brown Hare

Front 37

Which growth factors have been described in poxviruses?
Target?

Back 37

Epidermal growth factor like (EGF-like) substances:
Vaccinia growth factor (VGF)
Myxoma virus growth factor (MGF)
Shope fibroma virus growth factor (SFGF).
VGF, SFGF: Ligand for ErbB-1
MGF: ErbB-2 and ErbB-3
-> proliferative signals.
Poxviruses also inhibit apoptosis (SFV: by binding to host DNA).

Hint 37

AFIP WSC 2006-2007 4#3 European Brown Hare

Front 38

European brown hare syndrome:
lesions?

Back 38

Typical:
- splenomegaly + dark
- congested pale liver +/- petechiae
- pulmonary edema + hemorrhages edema tracheal mucosa
Article:
- icterus
- hemorrhages: SC, intestinal subserosal
- ascites, hydrothorax mild
Histo:
- periportal coagulation necrosis - massive lytic necrosis + hemorrhage
- fatty change
- mineralization hepatocytes

Hint 38

JWD 41(1):42-7 (2005)

Front 39

Enterotoxemia beta2 toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens type A in 2 Asiatic black bears:
- Clinical signs?
- Lesions?

Back 39

- bloody diarrhea
- pale mucosa
- anorexia
- necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis
- hemorrhages myocardium
- pale liver
- congested lungs

Hint 39

JVDI 17(2):186-9

Front 40

Liver pathology in polar bears associated with which change in vitamin?

Back 40

IHC staining lower for retinol-binding protein in livers with pathologic changes (chronic disease, carcinoma).

Hint 40

Vet Pathol 40(2):196-202 2003

Front 41

Mammary tumors in European hedgehogs:
Generally:
- malignant of benign?
- simple or mixed?
- tubulo-papillary or solid?
- CK20 IHC?
- CK7 IHC?
- correlation MIB1 and MI?

Back 41

- malignant
- simple
- tubulo-papillary
- CK20+ (contrary to cats/dogs)
- CK7- (contrary to cats/dogs)
- IHC MIB1 (Ki67 marker) and MI correlated.

Hint 41

JCP 2007

Front 42

Confirmed hedgehog zoonoses?

Back 42

Bacterial:
- Salmonella spp.
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: gastroenteritis
- Mycobacterium marinum: disseminated granulomas
Viral:
- Rabies
- Herpesvirus: mainly liver, hepatic necrosis + hemorrhage
Mycotic:
- Trichophyton
- Microsporum

Hint 42

EID 11(1):1-5 2005

Front 43

Cause of tularemia type A? Type B?

Back 43

Type A: Francisella tularensis supspecies tularensis
Type B: Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica

Hint 43

JWD 43(1):2007 23-31

Front 44

Borna disease:
Which 2 species most commonly affected?
Reservoir species?
Lesions in commonly affected species?

Back 44

Horse, sheep.
(bicolored white-toothed) shrew (Crocidura leucodon).
Mononuclear meningoencephalitis, hippocampal area
Intranuclear eos. IB Joest-Degen bodies.

Hint 44

"Shrews as reservoir hosts of Borna disease virus"

Front 45

Francisella tularensis in prairie dogs:
lesions?
IHC F. tularensis + where?

Back 45

Multiple severe necropurulent foci in liver, lung, spleen, terminal ileum, mandibular lymph node.
F.t. antigen in neutrophils and macrophages of lesions, and extracellularly in areas of necrosis.

Hint 45

JVDI 16(2):150-2 (2004)

Front 46

Transmission of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus from which species to humans has been described?

Back 46

Mouse, hamster.

Hint 46

EID 13(3)march 2007

Front 47

Pancreatic islet fibrosis in rock hyraxes:
clinical signs?
IHC pancreas?
EM?

Back 47

Soft feces, rough hair coat. Diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic.
IHC: hyperplasia alpha (glucagon), beta (insulin), delta (somatostatin, VIP) cells proportional to degree of fibrosis.
EM: collagen deposition and fibroplasia within and around islets.
No amyloid, no autoimmune disease, no infection, no toxicity, no nutritional basis found.

Hint 47

JZWM 35(3):361-369 (2004)

Front 48

Red squirrels:
Large schizonts in alveolar walls, often in capillaries.
Zoites / gamonts in mononuclear cells, free in parenchyma. Little inflammation.
Cause?

Back 48

Hepatozoon sp.

Red squirrels: known for parapoxvirus.
Grey squirrels also have hepatozoonosis.

This article: Isle of Wight.

Hint 48

Vet Rec aug 12 2006

Front 49

Host range Hepadnaviruses?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in black-tailed prairie dogs? Associated with a hepadnavirus?

Back 49

Humans, squirrels (multiple spp.), woodchucks (woodchuck hepatitis virus -> HCC), Peking ducks.
HCC in prairie dogs is common. Weight loss, lethargy, palpable abdominal mass, respiratory difficulty. Well differentiated HCC. Metastasis more often than in woodchucks, and most often lung.
NEGATIVE for woodchuck hepatitis virus.

Hint 49

Vet Pathol 41:353-361 2004

Front 50

West Nile Virus infection in gray and fox squirrels:
Lesions?
Viral levels highest in which organs?

Back 50

- gliosis
- lymphoplasmacytic (meningo-)encephalitis, many admixed with neutrophils
- neuronal necrosis
- neuronophagia
Viral levels highest in spleen and brain.

Hint 50

JVDI 16(3):186-90 2004

Front 51

Monkey pox in prairie dogs (USA 2003):
lesions?

Back 51

- necrotizing bronchopneumonia
- conjunctivitis
- ulcerative glossitis
IHC:
- epithelial cells conjunctiva, tongue, bronchi
- macrophages
- fibroblasts
(contact with various exotic African rodents)

Hint 51

EID 10(3):426-31 (2004)

Front 52

Malignant catarrhal fever in bison after intranasal inoculation:
- susceptible?
- gross?
- histo?
Differences compared to cattle?

Back 52

More susceptible than cattle; heavy mortality.
Gross: serous atrophy of fat, diffuse fibrinous typhlocolitis, multifocal hemorrhagic cystitis, erosive-ulcerative stomatitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, esophagitis, reticulitis, rumenitis, omasitis, abomasitis.
Histo: disseminated arteritis-phlebitis (3/4), mild nonsupp encephalitis with gliosis (3/4).
Bison die without florid bilateral keratoconjunctivitis or purulent rhinitis.
Arteritis-phlebitis cannot be relied upon for diagnosis in bison.
Lymphadenomegaly is minimal; when it occurs: fibrin in sinusoidal spaces, necrosis of lymphoid cells, vasculitis, lymphadenitis, but NO marked paracortical lymphoid expansion.

Hint 52

Vet Pathol 44:655-662 (2007)

Front 53

Atypical coccidiosis in South American camelids:
- primary site of infection?
- clinical signs?
- etiology?

Back 53

- small intestine
- anorexia, sudden death, diarrhea
- Eimeria alpacae, lamae, and others

Hint 53

JVDI 19:122-125 (2007)

Front 54

Neoplasia in llamas and alpacas:
- prevalence highest in which of these 2 species?
- which were younger?
- top 4 diagnoses?

Back 54

- llamas (11% vs 5%)
- alpacas (5 vs 12 yrs)
- 1. cutaneous and mucocutaneous fibroma / fibropapilloma; 2. cut/mucocut squamous cell carcinoma; 3. disseminated lymphoma (4/5 were alpacas); 4. fibrosarcoma
NB mucocutaneous fibropapillomas are associated with a unique papillomavirus!

Hint 54

JVDI 19:202-204 (2007)
Vet Pathol 40:103-107 (2003)

Front 55

Fluorosis in free ranging eastern grey kangaroos:
- clinical signs?
- lesions?

Back 55

Lameness.
- osteophytosis of several limb bones
- incisor enamel hypoplasia
- stained, uneven, and abnormal teeth wear
- abnormal bone matrix mineralization and mottling
- increased bone density
- elevated bone fluoride levels

Hint 55

JZWM 37(4) 477 2006

Front 56

Endometrial disease in elephants:
- principal lesion?
- prevalence Asian vs African elephant?

Back 56

Captive females: most are nulliparous and aged.
- cystic and polypoid endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)
- Asian 67%; African 15% (younger age in this study!)

Hint 56

Vet Pathol 41:179-183 (2004)

Front 57

Name important diseases in Przewalski's horses.

Back 57

- coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)
- equine rhinopneumonia (Equine Herpesvirus-1)
- equine influenza (H3N8, H7N7)
- piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi, Theileria equi)
- vitamin E deficiency
- laminitis

Hint 57

JZWM 34(4):339 2003
JZWM 36(2):273 2005

Front 58

Chronic wasting disease:
PrPres levels in lymph nodes;
which host has highest levels:
- deer vs elk?
- BSE cow vs TSE sheep?

Back 58

- higher in deer
- higher in sheep

Hint 58

EID vol 13 no 6 2007

Front 59

Signs and lesions associated with lichen intoxication in elk?

Back 59

ataxia, recumbency.
degenerative myopathy.
sometimes with early mineralization, attempts at regeneration.

Hint 59

JWD 43(3) 2007 p498

Front 60

Which animals are susceptible to SARS coronavirus?

Back 60

masked palm civets
raccoon dog
chinese ferret badger
domestic cat
pig
rat
Horseshoe bat seems reservoir host

Hint 60

EID Volume 12, Number 12–December 2006

Front 61

Coronaviruses of veterinary importance?

Back 61

Bovine coronavirus, winter dysentery, gastroenteritis.
Canine coronavirus, enteritis.
Feline enteric coronavirus, diarrhea in kittens.
Mouse hepatitis virus, hepatitis, enteritis, encephalomyelitis, syncytia formation.
TGE, porcine, gastroenteritis <10 days old.
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, vomiting, wasting, encephalymyelitis (usually no diarrhea).
Porcine epidemic diarrhea, gastroenteritis, similar to TGE.
Rat coronavirus, rhinitis, tracheitis, pneumonitis in young.
Rat sialodacryoadenitis virus, sialodacryoadenitis, porphyrin released from damaged harderian gland, squamous metaplasia of ducts.
Avian infectious bronchitis, trachebronchitis, nephritis.
Bluecomb, turkeys, enteritis, cyanosis of comb.
Rabbit coronavirus, enteritis, myocarditis.

Hint 61

AFIP WSC 05-06 p.257

Front 62

Ear lesions in (C57BL/6)mice after metal ear tagging?

Back 62

- Upregulation of metallothionein (MT)-I and MT-II mRNA.
- severe chondritis with granulomatous infl
- newly formed cartilage nodules
- osseous metaplasia
- CD4 T lym, macroph, neut, mast cells
- Th1 cytokines such as IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-2
Conclusion: release of Cu and Fe form tags played a major role.

Hint 62

Vet Pathol 44:458 2007

Front 63

Experimental encephalomyocarditis in mice:
etiology?
pathology?
pathology / disease in other hosts?

Back 63

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV); Cardiovirus genus of Picornaviridae family.
Piglets: lethal acute myocarditis.
Sows: Reproductive abnormalities.
(Rodents suspected to play an epidemiological role).

Hint 63

JCP 2006 135(2-3) 142

Front 64

How many vaginas does a marsupial have?

Back 64

2 (if it's a female)