Wid1 - Development Of The Urogenital System

Front 1

In what sequence do the three sets of kidney's grow?

Back 1

From cranial to caudal, thus Pronephros, Mesonephros, Metanephros

Front 2

How many kidneys are there, INITIALLY?

Back 2

6 total (3 sets)

Front 3

T/F lots of endocrine glands effect urinary system?

Back 3

true

Front 4

When does the intermediate mesoderm initally undergo differentiation?

Back 4

4th week

Front 5

Of the three sets of kidneys, which one will be the premanent kidney during adult life?

Back 5

3rd set, metanephros

Front 6

Is the second set of kidneys ever functional and used?

Back 6

it may function for a short time during the early fetal development

Front 7

Does the first set of kidney's ever function or be used?

Back 7

no, it is rudimentary and nonfunctional

Front 8

By the end of the 4th week, All indication of the _________ system have disappeared.

Back 8

pronephric

Front 9

At what week is the Mesonephros functional and at what week does it disappear?

Back 9

Functional at the 6th week and disappears a the 10th week.

Front 10

Where does the Mesonephros develop?

Back 10

Upper Thoracic - L3 (refers to the intermediate mesoderm + structures in this area)

Front 11

Mesonephric ducts induce _____ ________. which means?

Back 11

produce signaling factors to mesenchymal cells = epithelial transition making the vesicle.

Front 12

The mesonephric vesicles once formed differentiates and elongates to form_______

Back 12

mesonephric tubules, that connect with the mesonephric duct which drains into the cloaca
- also makes Bowman's Capsule (cup-like structure)

Front 13

What factors does the Bowman's Capsule send out to eventually form the renal corpuscle?

Back 13

angiogenic factors - that attract and produce capillary system formed off of the aorta - blood vessels grow to it and it = glomerulus

Front 14

Where do the mesonephric ducts drain?

Back 14

cloaca

Front 15

The mesonephros degenerates during the _____-- trimester. Some of the tubules remain in ______ -> efferent ductules of the testes (vas deferens).

Back 15

1st, MALE

Front 16

If the mesonephric duct completely degenerates the gender of the child most likely is...

Back 16

girl

Front 17

When does the Metanephros, or definitive kidney appear? what week

Back 17

5th week

Front 18

From what mesoderm does the excretory units of the definitive kidney develop from?

Back 18

metanephric mesoderm.

Front 19

What are the 2 functional components of the metanephros?

Back 19

Metanephris mesoderm - > excretory system
Ureteric bud - > collecting system

Front 20

The ureteric bud of the metanephros will eventually become the ______.

Back 20

collecting system.

Front 21

What components make up the Excretory system of the metanephros?

Back 21

bowman's capsule, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT

Front 22

What components make up the collecting system of the metanephros?

Back 22

Renal Pelvis, Major and minor calyces, collecting tubules, ureter

Front 23

T/F the dvelopment of the excretory units of the metanephric system is he doen in the smae manner as the mesonephric system.

Back 23

true

Front 24

T/F the development of the metanephric duct system (collecting) differs from that of the other kidney systems

Back 24

true

Front 25

What does the mesenchyme of the mesenephros blastema secrete to encourage the ureteric bud to branch and grow?

Back 25

WT1

Front 26

What does the collecting tubule (from the ureteric bud secrete to make the mesonephric mesenchyme become the metanephric blastema?

Back 26

FGF2 and BMP7

Front 27

What happens to the metanephric blastema once it is established?

Back 27

the vesicles elongate and give rise to PCT, loop of henle, DCT and bowman's capsule

Front 28

The metanephros has now made the PCT, loop of henle, DCT and bowman's capsule but is still missing a glomerulus, what happens next? (need to create renal corpuscle)

Back 28

the renal tubules give off chemoattractant (angiogenic factors) and forms glomerulus.

Front 29

What comprises the nephron?

Back 29

renal corpuscle, RCT, loop of henle, DCT

Front 30

The paramesonephric duct is related to development of gender, if it persists what will the gender be?

Back 30

female

Front 31

What is the most common primary renal tumor of childhood? ( and the 4th most common pediatric malignancy in the US)

Back 31

Wilm's Tumor - often diagnosed before age 5, and maybe assocatied with other abnormaliteis and syndromes

Front 32

What malfunction occurred when an individual has Wilm's Tumor?

Back 32

malfunctioning WT1

Front 33

When a baby still in the womb releases urine where does it end up?

Back 33

amniotic fluid, what it floats in

Front 34

What are two types of Renal Agenesis?

Back 34

Bilateral
Potter Sequence

Front 35

When a child is born with Bilateral Renal Agenesis will it survive?

Back 35

incompatible with life, often associated with many other congential disorders.

Front 36

What went wrong when someone has Potter sequence?

Back 36

anuria, oligohydramnios (not enough amnionic fluid - squished face, because no urine from embryo so no water to float in), hypoplasia of the lungs.

Front 37

What kidney disease has cysts of the COLLECTING TUBULES?

Back 37

Congential polycystic kidney disease

Front 38

When an individual has cysts on the exterior of their kidney, along with all portions of the nephron, liver cysts, intracranial berry aneurysms, and mitral valve prolapse what might they have?

Back 38

Autosomal dominant: congenital polycystic kidney disease
renal failure in the 4th-5th decade

Front 39

When an individual has renal failure in EARLY childhood or after birth, cysts of the COLLECTING TUBULES (only here) and cyts in the liver, what might they have?

Back 39

Autosomal recessive: congenital polycystic kidney disease.

Front 40

Metanephros develops in the ________.

Back 40

pelvis, but ascends as the body grows to abdomen

Front 41

Pelvic or "tether" kidney: is when...

Back 41

one or both kidneys remain in the pelvis because fail to go over aorta.

Front 42

_________ kidney occurs sometimes when the kidneys are pushed so close together during their passage through the arterial fork that the lower poles fuse.

Back 42

horseshoe

Front 43

As the kidney ascends it's arterial blood supply continuously changes, Explain what occurs and what the final blood supply is.

Back 43

Inital blood supply by branches - first is pelvic branch or aorta (accessory renal arteries). During it's ascent it is vascularized by arteries that originate from the aorta at continuously higher levels The lower vessels usually degenerate, but some may remain.

Front 44

When the kidney's blood supply is continuosly changing during it's ascent what happens to the ureters and 'old' branches of arteries?

Back 44

ureters naturally lengthen, the old branches usually degenerate but some remain.

Front 45

When does the urinary bladder begin to develop?

Back 45

4th-7th week

Front 46

What occurs first in the development of the urinary bladder?

Back 46

cloaca is divided into urogenital sinus and anal canal by URORECTAL SEPTUM - sheet of mesenchymal tissue

Front 47

What is the 'major' embryonic origin of the bladder?

Back 47

ENDODERMAL - cloaca

Front 48

The urogenital sinus then can be described in 3 segments - name them.

Back 48

Cranial part, Pelvic Pat, and Caudal part

Front 49

What does the Cranial part of the Urogenital Sinus become?

Back 49

urinary bladder: continuous with allantois -> urachus(fibrous remnant of allantois) -> median umbilical ligment (in adult) - exterior is seen as belly button :)

Front 50

What does the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus become?

Back 50

urethra in the bladdre neck, prostatic urethra in males and entire urethra in females

Front 51

What does the caudal part of the urogenital sinus become?

Back 51

genital tubercle -> penile urethra in males.

Front 52

When the allantois doesn't fuse and become urachus what occurs?

Back 52

fistula (urine leaks out)

Front 53

What is the embryonic origin of the trigone?

Back 53

Intermediate mesodermal origin

Front 54

How is the trigone formed?

Back 54

The mesonephric duct begins to proliferate and become a larger part of the bladder, soon the ureteric bud (meta - ureter) gains it's own entrance to the cloaca (bladder) and the mesonephric duct forms trigone (triangle) if the mesonephric duct remains attached it will become the ejaculatory duct in males. in females it disappears.

Front 55

What is the embryological origin of the urethral epithelium?

Back 55

endoderm

Front 56

What is the origin of the CT surrounding the urethra?

Back 56

splanchnic mesoderm

Front 57

How does the urethra come to be? what month? how is it related to a girl or boy?

Back 57

during the 3rd month: proliferate, branch out into the mesenchyme -. prostate gland in male, urethral and paraurethral glands in female

Front 58

If your allantois doesn't fuse what occurs?

Back 58

persistant intraembryonic allantois

Front 59

What types of persistant intraembryonic allantois are there?

Back 59

Urachal fistula - small opening the entire way
Urachal cyst: encased cyst of fluid
Urachal sinus: opens to outside of body but is fused partially by bladder

Front 60

What clinical correlation usually occurs with body wall defect and is described as a VENTRAL body wall defect?

Back 60

Extrophy of the bladder - Bladder mucosa exposed.