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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the key points of the statuto? |
Legislation passed by parliament with the King's consent Press is free Individual liberty guaranteed |
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What was the importance of the statuto? |
Those who craved political freedom moved to Piedmont: as many as 30,000 people including highly influential intellectuals, making Piedmont the centre of Italian nationalist thought. Independent and radical journalism, often Italian rather than Piedmontese, flourished |
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When were the Siccardi laws passed, and what made them different from church laws in other states? |
March 1850, and rather than a concordat between church and state, these were passed without consulting the church |
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What were the key points of the Siccardi laws, and what were their significance? |
Separate laws for clergy abolished; right of sanctuary for criminals abolished; monasteries restricted in ability to buy property; these were significant because they showed Piedmont was determined to modernise and assert the dominance of state over church |
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When was Cavour made minister of Trade and Agriculture, who made him this, and what did he do in the role? |
October 1850; Prime Minister D'Azeglio; Modernised the navy |
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When was Cavour made minister of finance and what did he do in the role? |
April 1851, balanced the books and raised money for large scale projects by borrowing from French and British banks while increasing taxes |
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What had Cavour done by the end of 1851 and why? |
Signe trading treaties with states including Britain and France to ensure political support and economic growth |
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By how much did imports and exports grow between 1850 and 1859? |
300% |
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Why was D'Azeglio's government weakened? |
Pressure from the conservative right (Cesare Balbo) and the Pope over the Siccardi laws, proposed to reduce the freedom of the press in December 1851 to get their support |
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What did Cavour do on the turn of 1851/1852? |
Created a connubio with the centre-left leader, Urbano Rattazzi which set a precedent for managing parliamentary affairs through alliances |
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What happened in May 1852 and what was its significance? |
Rattazzi became President of the chamber of deputies despite the King's dissapproval, which shows parliament had strengthened in relation to the crown |
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What happened in November 1852? |
After the connubio weakened d'Azeglio's government his ministry collapsed, and Cavour was asked to become prime minister |
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What did Cavour do in early 1855? |
Abolished the monastic orders not related directly to education or charity, despite resistance from the King, senate and papacy |
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Why did Cavour drop the civil marriage proposals upon gaining office? |
Pressure from the King |
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What happened in the election of 1857? |
The candidates of the right (sympathetic to church) increased their vote so Cavour ended the connubio, sacked Rattazzi and changed his attitude to the church so as to reduce the risk of alliances against his government, although his actions had already identified mainstream Italian government with anti-clericalism |
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What happened in February 1853? |
Cavour warned the Austrians of an impending Mazzinian-inspired insurrection in Milan, Austrians seized the property of the citizens of Lombardy who had fled to Piedmont |
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Who was Carlo Pisacane and what happened to him? |
Lead an insurrection in Naples in 1857 to highlight the poor conditions of the peasantry and politicise them, but killed himself when he realised it would fail; Mazzini lead an uprising in Genoa at the same time which failed, discrediting his tactics further and infuriating Cavour |
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Why was the growth of industry limited, what domestic industry was thriving, and how many did it employ? |
Lack of coal hampered development of factories; wool, silk and cotton industries; 60,000 people employed in silk, 114,000 employed in cotton |
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When did the Piedmontese government begin a limited programme of railway construction? |
1845 |
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Why did Cavour think railways were important? |
They would provide economic benefits, as in Britain and France; railways would lead to development of a national consciousness which Piedmont should try to be identified with; lack of railways stunted development e.g. in Lombardy where trade was limited by lack of railways; railways were in construction elsewhere in Italy |
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When did the significant line connecting Milan, Turin, Genoa and the french border open? |
1854 - funded by French capital |
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What did the Piedmontese parliament propose in 1857? |
13km long railway tunnel through Mont Cenis - financed by Parisian banks |
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How long were the railways in Piedmont at the end of the 1850s? |
850km, half the track of the entire Italian peninsula |
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What linked Turin and Paris in 1853? |
The electric telegraph |
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What boost to the construction industry began in 1857? |
Construction of canals, beginning with the Cavour canal |
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What was the public debt in 1859, and how had Cavour's policies changed Piedmont? |
725 million lire; Piedmont was now Italy's foremost industrial region with good trading links to the rest of Europe and Piedmont had a reputation as a modernised state and enhanced Piedmont's role as potential natural leader of the peninsula and state most likely to be able to expel the Austrians |
