Whole Body Terminology -Chapter 4

Front 1

Terms that relate to the structural organization of the body

Back 1

cells, tissue, organs, systems

Front 2

cytology

Back 2

the study of cells

Front 3

anaplasia

Back 3

A change in the structure of cells; loss of differentiation and the cell reverts to a more primitive form

Front 4

aplasia

Back 4

The cells fail to develop into any organ or tissue

Front 5

dysplasia

Back 5

Any abnormal development of tissue or organs

Front 6

hyperplasia

Back 6

The excessive formation of cells or tissue somewhere in the body

Front 7

hypoplasia

Back 7

Incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue

Front 8

neoplasia

Back 8

The new and abnormal development of cells that my be benign or malignant

Front 9

histologist

Back 9

One who studies tissue

Front 10

Body Planes

Back 10

1. Midsagittal Plane
2. Frontal (coronal) Plane
3. Transverse Plane

Front 11

sagittal plane

Back 11

divides the body into right and left sides

Front 12

Midsagittal Plane

Back 12

Divides the body into equal right and left sides

Front 13

Midline

Back 13

The "line" created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves.

Front 14

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Back 14

Divides the body into front (anterior) portions and back (posterior) portions

Front 15

Transverse Plane

Back 15

Divides the body into an upper (superior) portion and a lower (inferior) portion

Front 16

Medial

Back 16

Towards the Midline

Front 17

Lateral

Back 17

Towards the side of the body; away from the midline

Front 18

The Body Regions

Back 18

1. Right Hypochondriac Region
2. Epigastric Region
3. Left Hypochondriac Region
4. Right Lumbar Region
5. Umbilitcal Region
5. Left Lumbar Region
7. Right Inguianl Region
8. Hypogastric Region
9. Left Inguinal Region

Front 19

The Four Body Quadrants

Back 19

1. Right Upper Quadarant (RUQ)
2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Front 20

Munro's Point

Back 20

Left side of the abdomen

Front 21

McBurney's Point

Back 21

Right side fo the abdomen -
Pain here suggests appendicitis.

Front 22

Major Body Cavities

Back 22

1. Ventral Cavitiy - the front
part of the body
2. Dorsal Cavity - the back
part of the body

Front 23

The Ventral Cavity Subdivisions

Back 23

1. Thoracic
2. Abdominal
3. Pelvic

Front 24

Thoracic Cavity

Back 24

1. Rib & chest area
2. Contains the lungs, heart,
aorta, essophagus, trachea
3. thorac/o = chest
-ic = pertaining to

Front 25

Abdominal Cavity

Back 25

1. Separated from the thoracic
cavity by the diaphragm
2. Contains liver, gallbladder
spleen, stomach, pancreas
intestines, kidneys
3. abdomin/o = abdomen
-al = pertaining to

Front 26

Pelvic Cavity

Back 26

1. Contains the urinary
bladder, reproductive
organs
2. pelv/i = pelvis
-ic = pertaining to

Front 27

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 27

1. When the abdominal and
pelvic cavity are referred
to together.
2. Refers to the space between
the diaphragm and groin

Front 28

Dorsal Cavity Subdivisions

Back 28

1. Cranial
2. Spinal

Front 29

Cranial Cavity

Back 29

1. Contains the brain
2. crani/o = skull
-al = pertaining to

Front 30

Spinal Cavity

Back 30

1. Contains the nerves of the
spinal cord
2. spin/o = spine
-al = pertaining to

Front 31

The 5 Divisions of the Back

Back 31

1. Cervical Vertebrae
2. Thoaracic Vertebrae
3. Lumbar Vertebrae
4. Sacrum
5. Coccyx

Front 32

Cervical Vertebrae

Back 32

1. First 7 segments of the
spinal column
2. Make up the bones of the
neck
3. C1 - C7
4. cervic/o = neck
-al = pertaining to

Front 33

Thoracic Vertebrae

Back 33

1. Consist of 12 vertebrae of
the spinal column after
the cervical vertebrae
2. Make up the vertebral bones
of the chest
3. T1 - T12
4. thorac/o = chest
-ic = pertaining to

Front 34

Lumbar Vertebrae

Back 34

1. 5 large segments of the
movable part of the spinal
column
2. L1 - L5
3. Largest and strongest
vertebrae of spinal column
4. lumb/o = loins, lower back
-ar = pertaining to

Front 35

Sacrum

Back 35

1. Located below the lumbar
vertebrae
2. Single, triangular shaped
bone resulting from the
fusion of 5 sacral bones
in the child
3. sacr/o = sacrum
-um = noun ending

Front 36

Coccyx

Back 36

1. Tailbone
2. Single bone resulting from
the fusion of 4 coccygeal
bones in the child

Front 37

Body Region 1

Back 37

1. Right Hypochondriac
region
2. Located in the upper right
section of abdomen,
beneath cartilage of lower
ribs
3. Includes right lobe of
liver & the gallbladder

Front 38

Body Region 2

Back 38

1. Epigastric Region
2. Located bw Right & Left
Hypochondriac Regions in
upper section of abdomen,
beneath cartilage of lower
ribs
3. Includes parts of R & L
lobes of liver, major
portion of stomach

Front 39

Body Region 3

Back 39

1. Left Hypochondriac Region
2. Located in the upper left
section of abdomen,
beneath the cartilage of
lower ribs
3. Includes small part of
stomach & part of lge
intestines

Front 40

Body Region 4

Back 40

1. Right Lumbar Region
2. Located in middle-right
section of abdomen, beneath
right hypochondriac region
3. Includes parts of lge & sm
intestines

Front 41

Body Region 5

Back 41

1. Umbilical Region
2. Located in the middle
section of the abdomen, bw
the right & left lumbar
regions, directly beneath
the epigastric region
3. Includes part of transverse
colon and small intestine

Front 42

Body Region 6

Back 42

1. Left Lumbar Region
2. Located in the middle-left
section of abdomen, beneath
left hypochondriac region
3. Includes parts of small
intestine and colon

Front 43

Body Region 7

Back 43

1. Right Inguinal (iliac)
Region
2. Located lower-right section
of abdomen, beneath right
lumbar region
3. Includes parts of small
intestine and cecum

Front 44

Body Region 8

Back 44

1. Hypogastric Region
2. Located in lower-middle
section of abdomen, beneath
the umbilical region
3. Includes urinary bladder,
parts of small intestine,
appendix

Front 45

Body Region 9

Back 45

1. Left Inguinal (iliac)
Region
2. Located in lower-left
section of abdomen, beneath
the Left Lumbar Region
3. Includes parts of colon
and small intestine

Front 46

Anatomical Position

Back 46

1. Standard reference point for the body as a whole
2. Person is standing with the arms at the sides and the palms turned forward along with head and feet pointing forward

Front 47

Superficial (1)

Back 47

Near the suface of the body

Front 48

Deep (1)

Back 48

Away from the surface

Front 49

Anterior (2)

Back 49

Pertaining to the front of the body, or toward the belly of the body

Front 50

Posterior (2)

Back 50

Pertaining to the back of the body

Front 51

Ventral (3)

Back 51

Of or pertaining to a position toward the belly of the body; frontward; anterior

Front 52

Dorsal (3)

Back 52

Pertaining to the back; posterior

Front 53

Medial (4)

Back 53

Toward the midline of the body

Front 54

Lateral (4)

Back 54

Toward the side of the body; away from the midline of the body

Front 55

Superior (5)

Back 55

Above or upward toward the head

Front 56

Inferior (5)

Back 56

Below or donward toward the feet

Front 57

Cranial (6)

Back 57

Pertaining to the head

Front 58

Caudal (6)

Back 58

Pertaining to the tail

Front 59

Distal (7)

Back 59

Away from or the farthest from the trunk of the body; or farthest from the point of origin of a body part

Front 60

Proximal (7)

Back 60

Toward or nearest to the trunk of the body; or nearest to the point of origin of a body part

Front 61

Supine (8)

Back 61

Lying horizontally on the back, face-up

Front 62

Prone (8)

Back 62

Lying facedown on the abdomen

Front 63

Supination (9)

Back 63

A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward

Front 64

Pronation (9)

Back 64

A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward or backward

Front 65

Plantar (10)

Back 65

Pertaining to the sole of bottom of the foot

Front 66

Dorsum (10)

Back 66

The back or posterior surface of a part; in the foot, the top of the foot

Front 67

Cell Membrane

Back 67

Semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell

Front 68

Chromosomes

Back 68

Threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body

Front 69

connective tissue

Back 69

Tissue that supports and binds other body tissue parts.

Front 70

cytoplasm

Back 70

Gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of the cell - contains organelles, which carry out essential functions of the cell

Front 71

epithelial tissue

Back 71

Tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; it also lines the vessels, body cavigties, glands, and body organs

Front 72

genes

Back 72

segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics

Front 73

lysosomes

Back 73

cell organs (organelles) that contain various kinds of enzymes capable of breaking down all the main componenets of cells

Front 74

mediolateral

Back 74

pertaining to the middle and side of a structure

Front 75

membrane

Back 75

thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, divides a space

Front 76

mitochondria

Back 76

cell organs (organelles) which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions

Front 77

Muscle Tissue

Back 77

Tissue capable of producint movement of the parts and organs fo the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers

Front 78

Navel

Back 78

The umbilicus; belly button

Front 79

Nervous Tissue

Back 79

Tissue that transmits umpulses throughout the body, thereby, activating, coordinating, and controlly many functions of the body

Front 80

Organ

Back 80

Tissues that are arranged together to perform a special function

Front 81

Peritoneum

Back 81

A specific, serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera.

Front 82

ribosomes

Back 82

cell organs (organelles) that synthesize proteins; often called the cell's "protein factories."

Front 83

skeletal muscle

Back 83

Muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton

Front 84

smooth (visceral) muscle

Back 84

Muscle that is found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as teh stomach and intestines

Front 85

system

Back 85

organs that work together to permform many of the functions of the body as a whole

Front 86

tissue

Back 86

a group of cells that perform specialized functions

Front 87

transverse plane

Back 87

any of the planes cutting across the body pependicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

Front 88

visceral

Back 88

Pertaining to the internal organs