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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main site of blood cell production until just befor birth?
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the liver
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When is all marrow active?
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birth to 18 years old
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When does EMH occur?
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when marrow compensatory mechanisms are outstripped
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How many times can marrow increase production?
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8x
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Which stem cells must differentiate and self renew and have the greatest capacity for self renewal?
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Pluripotents
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What are stem cells are common myeloid and lymphoid lines?
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multipotent
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Which stem cells are 50% are in cell cycle and replaced by lineage restricted cells?
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committed
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Can blasts be recognized by morphology?
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yes
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What are the 4 compartments of Lymph nodes?
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Sinuses, cortex, paracortex, and medulla
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where do macrophages in the node hang out?
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in the sinuses, in the lumen and attached to the lining
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where are the tingable body macrophages in the cortex of the node?
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in the germinal center
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Where are the reticular cells in the node?
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in the paracortex
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what happens in the medulla of the node?
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plasma cell prduction and Ab production
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How is the absolute number of wbcs determined?
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wbc x % cells
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what causes reactive morphology - heterogenous lymphocytosis?
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EBV and drug reactions
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What causes an non-reactive morphology of lymphocytosis?
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stress
brodetella polyclonal b-cell lymphocytos neoplasm |
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what is absolute lymphocytosis?
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5000/mm3
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what is lymphopenia?
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<1000/mm3
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What is normal distribution of peripheral blood lymphocytes?
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80% T 20% B
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Of 80% T cells, how many are CD4+?
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2/3
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What are causes of Lymphopenia?
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congenital
SLE AIDS malnutrition(protein, zinc) chemo gluc drugs systemic illness |
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What systemic illnesses can casue lymphopenia?
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cri
severe burn gi disease sarcoidosis malignancy |
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what are the caompartments of neutrophils?
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marrow, marginating, circulating
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which pool of neutrphils is 50x the size of the marginal pool?
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marrow
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how big is the circulating pool?
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2000-6000 cells/ul
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how long do polys circulate?
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few hours
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what is neutrophilia?
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.10000/mm3
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what factors affect neutrophil homeostasis?
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rate of extravasation
demargination marrow release increased bm production |
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what can affect demargination of neutros?
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epinephrine
acute stress exercise |
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what can affect release of neutros from the marrow pool?
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steroids
infection/inflammation |
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what can cause increased neutro production?
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sustained inflammation
G-CSF lithium |
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What is a semiquantitative visual evaluation of the intensity of enzymatic activity in neutros of a patient compered to normal?
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LAP test
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When is LAP activity increased?
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in reactive states
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When is LAP activity decreased?
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chronic myelogenous lauekemia (neoplasstic)
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What is neutropenia?
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neutros <2000/mm3
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What is left shift?
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presence of granulocytic precursors in the blood
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In what cells do toxic changes such as granulation, dohle bodies, vacuolization, left shift occur?
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neutrophils
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What are 2 main causes of neutropenia?
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Inadequate production
ineffective production |
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What is an inherited condition that causes inadequate production of neutrophils?
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kostmann syndrome
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What cancer can cause supression of granulocytic precursors?
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large granular lymphocytic leukemia
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What is the difference b/w inadequate and ineffective production of neutrophils?
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BM is hypocellular in inadequate and hypercellular in ineffective production.
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WHat can cause ineffective production of neutrophils?
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B12 and folate deficiency
myelodysplastic syndromes |
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Besides production problems, what can also cause neutropenia?
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accelerated removal or destruction
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What is the state of BM during accelerated destruction or loss?
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hypercellular (trying to compensate)
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What drungs can cause autoantibodies against neutrophil specific antigens?
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aminopyramine
thiouracil sulfonamides |
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What autoimmune disorder can cause accelerated neutro destruction?
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SLE
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why is there neutropenia in the case of splenic sequestration of neutros?
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increased destruction
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What is an instance when increased peripheral utilzation of neutros leads to neutropenia?
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overwhelming infections
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what is a common cause of neutropenia that equally affects neonates, kids, and adults?
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infection
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what can be a cause of secondary autoimmune neutropenia in adults?
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collagen vascular diasorders
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What occurence in adult marrow can cause neutropenia in adults?
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neoplasm
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other than infection, what can cause neutropenia in neonates?
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maternal drug use or Ab production
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What factor can be used to treat the underlying pathogenesis of neutropenia?
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G-CSF
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What is a characteristic of infection sites in a neutropenic state?
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numerous bugs with little host leuko response
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Where are mucosal ulcers in a neutropenic state ususally located?
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oropharynx
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Whare are common sites of invasive infections in a neutropenic state?
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bladder, lungs, and kidney
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What 2 main conditions are associated with eosinophilia?
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reactive and neoplastic
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What condition of eosiniphilia can conective tissue disease be classified under?
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reactive
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Is hypereosiniphilic syndrome neoplastic or reactive?
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neoplastic
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when can monocytosis occur?
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chronic infection
inflammation neoplasm |
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what do you still need to look up regarding this set of notes?
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reactive vs neoplastic leukocytosis
see notes |
