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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 Vs of the ANS
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visceral, vegetative, inVoluntary
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fiber connecting primary cells to secondary cells of ANS
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preganglionic fibers
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the neurotransmitter of all sympathetic preganglionic fibers
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ACh
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the sympathetic neurotransmitter at the effector sites 99% of the time
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NE
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fibers that use NE as neurotransmitter
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adrenergic fibers
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the sympathetic system generally uses ___ postganglionic fibers per each preganglionic fiber
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20
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relative lengths of sympathetic pre vs postganglionic fibers
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pre - short
post - long |
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target organ of sympathetic system that does NOT have NE as neurotransmitter
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sweat glands (ACh is neurotransmitter)
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the adrenal medulla is functionlally a sympathetic _______
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ganglion
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At the adrenal medulla, the neurotransmitter is ______
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ACh
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Adrenal medulla releases what ratio of EPI to NE
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85:15
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the rest and digest ANS system
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parasympathetic system
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relative lengths of pre vs postganglionic fibers in parasympathetic sys
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pre- long
post - short |
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parasympathetic system is called "cholinergic" b/c ______
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ACh is used at pre and post ganglionic terminals
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transmitter at all ganglia and effector sites of parasympathetic syst
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ACh
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In parasymp sys, there is generally ____ post ganglionic fiber for each preganglionic fiber
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1
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Does adrenal medulla have dual symp and parasymp innervation
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no, just symp
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NANC neurons seem to be under parasympathetic control: what is neurotranmitter?
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Nitric oxide
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Rule: most organs are innervated by both branches of ANS, except ______
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most blood vessels, liver, ventricular myocardium have little parasymp innervation
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What are the 7 basic steps of neurotransmission?
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1. synth and storage of neurotransmitter
2. Release of neurotransmitter 3. Diffusion of neurotransmitter across synaptic cleft 4. Interaction of n-transmitter with ost synaptic receptors 5. Na+/K+ exchange 6.Destruction of neurotransmitter 7. post synaptic site returns to unstimulated state |
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enzyme making acetylcholine
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CAT (choline acetyltransferase)
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acetylcholinesterases effet on acetylcholine
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speeds production of acetic acid and choline
(gets rid of ACh) |
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subtypes of ACh receptors
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nicotinic and muscarinic
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receptors located on all autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla and at neuromuscular jx
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nicotinic ACh receptors
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receptors involved in neuromuscular transmission
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nicotinic ACh receptors
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receptor located on mainly PNS neuroeffector sites
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muscarinic ACh receptors
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receptor mediating parasympathetic responses
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muscarinic ACh receptors
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why is it advantageous to have a ligand gated ion channel?
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speed
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what type of ion channel is a nicotinic ACh receptor?
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a ligand-gated ion channel
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why are muscarinic receptors slower than nicotinic receptors?
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muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptor
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G proteins associated with the odd mACh receptors
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Gq
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G proteins associated with the even mACh receptors
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Gi or Go
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aminno acid precursor for NA
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L-Tyrosine
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primary way to get rid of NE
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reuptake into presynaptic cell
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alpha-methyltyrosine and methyldopa?
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inhibits NE synth
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Stimulators of NE release
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amphetamine
ephedrine |
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antagonists of NE release
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guanethidine
reserpine |
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negative feedback mechanism for NE
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alpha-2 receptors on pregang.
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alpha-AR agonists
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phenylephrine
methoxamine clonidine |
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alpha-AR antagonists
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phenoxybenzamine
phentolamine prazosin |
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beta-AR agonists
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isoproterenol
dobutamine terbutaline albuterol |
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beta-AR antagonists (beta blockers)
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propranolol
metoprolol |
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"ubiquitous and promiscuous" enzyme
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MAO
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Tyramine causes release of ____
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NE
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"localized and specialized" enzyme
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COMT
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COMT metabolizes ______
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catecholoamines
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COMT is found in _____-synaptic cell
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postsynaptic cell
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Tyrosine --> Dopa --> _______
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Dopamine
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enzyme for NE --> Epi
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phenylehtanolamine-N-methyltransferase
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blocker of uptake 1 (pregang.)
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cocaine
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rate limiting step of catecholamine synth
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tyrosine hydroxylase
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