Whist Rome Vocab

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a form of gov't in which power rests w/ citizens who have the right to vote to select their leaders

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republic

Front 2

aristocratic landowners who held most of the power. They inherited their power and social status and believed ancestry gave them power

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patricians

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the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population. Had right to vote but were barred by law from holding important gov't positions. Eventually, their pressure on patricians gave them more power

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plebeians

Front 4

elected representatives of the assembly formed by plebeians. They protected plebeians rights from unfair acts of patricians

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tribunes

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two officials who took the place of a king. they command army and direct gov't. terms are only a year and can only be elected once per ten years. they can always veto.

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consuls

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aristocratic branch; legislative and administrative functions. 300 chosen from upper class; for life. exercised enormous influence over both foreign and domestic policy

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senate

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democratic side; all citizen-soldiers -> centuriate assembly at beginning: made laws for common people but eventually made laws for the republic

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assemblies

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a leader with absolute power to make laws and command the army. power = 6 months; chosen by consuls, elected by senate

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dictator

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5,000 infantry and group of cavalry. it's strength was its flexibility

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legion

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division of a legion; each could act independently

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century

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celtics from the po river valley

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gauls

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huge estates that rich landowners lived on

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latifundia

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conflict between groups in the same country

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civil war

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group of three rulers

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triumvirate

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where octavian defeated antony and cleopatra

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naval battle of actium

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"exalted one"

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augustus

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"roman peace"

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pax romana

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silver coin

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denariu

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support

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auxiliary

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each adopted an heir that was a respected leader who had support of army and people to be next leader

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five good emperors

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father of the family who had power to rule the household and controlled all property and family members

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paterfamilias

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professional fighters who fought to death in public contests

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gladiators

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powerful spirits or divine forces

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nunima

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guardian spirits of each family

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lares

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the jewish court that romans gave control of religious matters and local affairs to

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sanhedrin

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a faction of jews who wanted to rid their land of romans

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zealots

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first four books of the new testament of the bible

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gospels

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jesus' disciples

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apostles

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contempt for God

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blasphemy

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influential letters

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epistles

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the dispersal of Jews during and after their rebellion

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Diaspora

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people willing to sacrifice their lives for a belief or cause

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martyrs

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a priest who supervised several local churches

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bishop

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father of the Christian Church

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pope

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declared Christianity to be one of the religions approved by the emperor

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Edict of Milan

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any belief that appeared to contradict the basic teachings

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heresy

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defined the basic beliefs of the church

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nicene creed

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drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a rise in prices

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inflation

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foreign soldiers who fought for money

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mercenaries

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the 50 generals declared by the armies of the provinces to be the emperors of Rome

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barracks emperors

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City of Constantine

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Constantinople

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king of visigoths

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alaric

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east side that flourished

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Byzantine Empire

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the mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture

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Greco-Roman culture

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a period of great artistic achievement

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reign of augustus

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images project from a flat background and were used to tell stories, represent people in crowds, soldiers in battle, and landscape

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bas-relief (low-relief )

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large, bright murals painted directly on their walls

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frescoes

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a Roman town where the best examples of Roman painting is found because in AD 79, Mt. Vesuvius erupted, and the ash preserved the city.

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Pompeii

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most famous work of latin literature; the epic of the legendary Aeneas

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Aeneid

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languages with common Roman heritage

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Romance languages

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designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns. When water channel spanned a river or ravine, the aqueduct was lifted high up on arches

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aqueduct

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a body of civil law

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Justinian code

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contained nearly 5,000 roman laws

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the code

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quotes and summarized the opinions of Rome's greatest legal thinkers about the laws

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the digest

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was a textbook that told law students how to use the laws

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the institutes

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presented legislation passed after 534

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the Novellae

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the crowning glory of Justinia's reign. "Holy Wisdom"

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Hagia Sophia

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the main street of Constantinople

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mese

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offered wild chariot races and circus acts

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hippodrome

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the military districts

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themes

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leading bishop of the east

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patriarch

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religious images used by christians to aid their devotions

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icons

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icon breakers who broke into churches to destroy images

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iconoclasts

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to declare you were an outcast of the Church

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excommunication

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split

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schism

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alphabet created by Methodius and Cyril for the Slavic language

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Cyrillic alphabet