Whist Ancient Greece Terms/concepts

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Minoans

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created an elegant civilization that had great power in the Mediterranean world.

King Minos was the king.

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Mycenaeans

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people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 BC whose names came from their leading city, Mycenae

Mycenaean kings: Achilles, Odyseus

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Dorians

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a new group of people who moved into the war-torn countryside. They were not advanced and did not write. Crushed the Mycenaeans

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polis

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the city-state, which was the fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece

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acropolis

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a fortified hilltop where male citizens gathered to conduct business

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agora

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marketplace - where all politics and government take place

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phalanx

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a fearsome formation that was the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world

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hoplites

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foot soldiers

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oligarchy

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A government where a king rules, passe down through bloodline, single person

Put in Use by: Mycenaeans and the Dorians
Went out because: War interrupted their trade

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oligarchy

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A government ruled by a few powerful people

Put in use by: Sparta and Athens

Went out because: unemployed farmers and debt ridden artisans rebelled from high taxes

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Tyranny

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Rule by one, Accomplished by Revolting

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Democracy

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Rule by the people (Citizens)

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Persian Wars

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wars between Greece and the Persian Empire that began in Ionia around 520 BC, when Persians conquered Ionia. The Persian fleet traveled to Marathon for a battle, where the Athenians defeated them.
At Thermoplyae, 7,000 greeks blocked the way of Xerxes, who was trying to crush Greece.

Greek fleet went to a narrow channel near Salamis. Persians got stuck and Greeks sunk their ships.

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Delian League

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An alliance of 140 city-states who drove Persians from territories and ended the threat of future attacks.

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Age of Pericles

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Led Athens during it's golden age. He was honest and fair, a skillful Politician, an inspiring speaker, and a respected General.

His 3 Goals:

1. to strengthen Athenian democracy
2. to hold and strengthen the empire
3. to glorify Athens


How he achieved:
1. increased the number of paid public officials
2. tried to enlarge the wealth and power of Athens
3. created the Parthenon

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Golden Age of Greece

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Styles in Art, Sculpture, and Drama excel.

Art: Parthenon
Sculpture: Statue of Athena
Drama: Tragedy and Comedy

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Philosophers: Socrates

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one of the strongest critics of Sophists, who believed absolute standards did exist for truth and justice and encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their moral character. He died from drinking a poison.

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Philosophers: Plato

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Socrate's student who wrote The Republic in 385-380 BC Which explained a society with farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class, which dominated philosophic thought in Europe.

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Philosophers: Aristotle

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questioned the nature of the world and human belief, thought, and knowledge. He invented a method for arguing. His work provides basis for scientific method.

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Sophists

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A group of philosophers that questioned people's unexamined beliefs and ideas about justice and other traditional values.

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Peloponnesian War

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The war between Sparta and Athens that Sparta declared in 431 BC. Athens had the strongest sea power, but Sparta had advantage on land. A plague killed 1/3-2/3 of Athens population and when the Athenians sent a fleet to destroy the polis of Syracuse, it suffered a defeat. Finally in 404 BC, after 9 years of fending off Spartan attacks, Athens surrendered.

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Alexandria in Egypt

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Language: Koine - A popular language spoken that was a direct result of cultural blending. This language enabled educated people and traders from diverse backgrounds to communicate in cities.

Trade: Alexandria was the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization. Ships docked in its harbor, and it became an international community.

Attractions: Museum and Library

Alexandria Library: First true research library in the world.

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Colossus of Rhodes

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a bronze statue over 100 feet high that is one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world. It was toppled by an earthquake in 225 BC and the remnants were sold.

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Winged Victory of Samothrace

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was discovered by archaeologists in 1863

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Stoicism

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believed in a divine power who controlled the universe. People should live a virtuous life in harmony with natural law. Preached that desires, power and wealth were dangerous distractions. Promoted social unity and to focus on what you can control.

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Epicureanism

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taught that universe was composed of atoms ruled by Gods who had no interest in humans. Greated good and highest pleasure came from virtuous conduct and absence of pain. Main goal: achieve harmony of body and mind. Epicurean means "One devoted to pursuing human pleasures"